Onychodystrophy is a complex of diseases characterized by pathological changes in the structure and color of the nail plate or its bed. Pathologies result from malnutrition of cellular tissues. There are several types of dystrophy, which differ in cause, symptoms and degree of manifestation. The reasons provoking such diseases can be hidden in external influences and internal pathologies (hereditary, acquired).

Some types of nail dystrophy are genetic, for example, onychogryphosis, leukochinia, anohinia. However, acquired pathologies are most common.

Causes and manifestations of nail dystrophy

1. Hapalochinia - brittle nails due to their excessive softening. A person constantly has any damage due to a too thin plate. A variety of reasons can provoke the disease, but its manifestation is always the same - softening of the tissue structure, its friability and fragility;
2. Onycholysis is the lag of the nail from its bed. Both mechanical damage and fungal infections... The disease is characterized by the lag of the nail from its bed. As a result, air bubbles form under the cover, which further exacerbate the situation;
3. Onychorexis - thinning along growth. The disease is fraught with cracks, chips of the free edge. In addition, fragility is observed and, as a result, tissue destruction. The reasons are hidden in the excessive use of various acidic and alkaline solutions;
4. Onychochisis - this pathology is accompanied by splitting, cracking of bone tissue across the growth of the nail, parallel to the free edge. Even after the removal of damaged tissue, new ones continue to suffer;
5. Bo furrows - transverse grooves or ridges on nail plates ah going from roller to roller. Defects can reach a depth of 1 mm and do not differ in color. Most often, eczema, psoriasis, and a number of other skin diseases are accompanied by similar symptoms. In addition, mechanical injuries can provoke a similar phenomenon;
6. The appearance of median canal dystrophy- This is a deep longitudinal groove that occurs anywhere along the length of the roller at the base of the nail and can stretch right up to its free edge. As a rule, the causes of this defect are hidden in a severe trauma to the nail matrix;
7. Trachnochinia - dullness, roughness. The tissues can exfoliate with scales, have many point-like depressions over the entire area. The provocateur of the defect is eczema.

How to treat nail dystrophy

As can be judged from the above, deformation can occur due to an internal disease, respectively, first of all, you need to cure it. Otherwise, all efforts will be in vain.

Therapy in each case should be selected individually. The doctor, when choosing medicines in the presence of total nail dystrophy, takes into account the cause of the appearance of defects, the state of the body, and concomitant diseases. Treatment must be comprehensive.

Typically, therapy is based on three principles:

• establishing the cause of the deformation;
• elimination of the provoking factor;
• restoration of trophism of nail tissue and around it.

To improve nutrition in cellular tissues, various vitamin-mineral complexes are prescribed, as well as fatty amino acids, because it is the latter that are part of the composition of proteins - the main building material of bones. In addition to vitamins and minerals, there is a need for fortifying drugs, as well as agents that activate the activity of the immune system. Necessarily the complex of treatment for onychodystrophy includes sedatives (sedatives), the action of which is aimed at normalizing the activity of the nervous system.

Treatment of nail dystrophy, which is carried out at home, should also include a number of procedures, for example, applications, compresses, baths. These activities are very effective and even necessary. The only exceptions are those cases when the deformation is caused by skin diseases - eczema and psoriasis. In the presence of the latter, the body must be influenced in a complex manner. After the elimination of these pathologies, defects will disappear on their own.

Treatment of median canal dystrophy of one or more nails

V this case an integrated approach is needed. It often happens that the matrix is ​​traumatized by the person himself, but he does not even notice it. For example, this happens when you have a habit of biting your nails. If the reason is really hidden in this kind of influences, then it is quite possible that a person will need a correction of the psychoemotional state.

In this situation, mild / moderate sedatives may be prescribed. In this case, the choice of the drug and the development of the dosage regimen completely rests on the shoulders of the doctor. In some cases, psychotherapeutic methods have to be used, including hypnosis.

To protect the injured tissue, mechanical methods can be used, for example, they are bandaged or sealed with a plaster. To strengthen the tissues, they use special procedures, varnishes and creams, and also take vitamin and mineral complexes.

Treatment of nail dystrophy with folk remedies

1. To get rid of obsessive movements, excessive stress, use plants,
   with a sedative effect. It can be valerian, motherwort, peony root and the like;
2. Damaged tissue can be treated with sea buckthorn oil. One drop of the product should be rubbed into each damaged area in the morning and in the evening;
3. Hand baths with addition to water essential oils or sea salt. The essential oil of mint, string, cedar is best suited for this purpose;
4. Make nourishing masks... For example, mix 20 ml of heavy cream, 2 times less jojoba oil, 5 drops of vitamin A. After stirring, rub the mixture into the damaged areas. It can be washed off only after 2 hours.

Unhealthy appearance, peeling, flaking and other defects look unaesthetic and cause a lot of inconvenience.

The appearance of small raised bumps on the nails is a fairly common phenomenon that cannot be ignored.

After all, it can signal not only a lack of vitamins and nutrients, but also indicate rather dangerous diseases that require serious treatment.

Causes of the appearance of grooves on the nails

Possible reasons for the deformation of the nail plate include the following.

• Aging of the whole organism. Lines appear on the nails of perfectly healthy elderly people.
• Nail fungus. This disease is quite insidious, difficult to cure. At the first sign, you must consult a dermatologist to prescribe the appropriate treatment.
• Injury to the nail or cuticle.

Deformation of the nail can occur after injury

• Improper nutrition. It provokes problems with the intestines, which affects the condition of the nail plate.
• Lack of iron and B vitamins. All B vitamins play important role in the formation of new cells, and B 12 is responsible for strengthening the nails. Iron deficiency leads to the appearance of white spots and dots on the nail plate, as well as the formation of nail grooves.
• Lack of fluid in the body. If there is little fluid in the human body, then the nails "dry out" too. Frequent washing hands with soap, use of aggressive detergents exacerbate this problem.
• "Wrong" manicure. Extension, low-quality varnish, non-sterile tools of the manicure master - all this leads to the destruction of nails and the formation of irregularities.
• Some past or existing diseases: myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, acute infections, sepsis, blood poisoning, skin diseases: eczema, psoriasis.
• Disruption of the functioning of the central nervous system.

The nail of one finger or several at once may be affected. Grooves on the nails of the hands depend on the cause of their occurrence, they are longitudinal (vertical) or transverse.

Diseases that are symptomatic of longitudinal grooves

Basically, vertical grooves appear in the center of the nail plate or along the edges parallel to each other. They do not always indicate the presence of any disease. Such stripes are possible in people over 65.

Sometimes they arise as a result of a previous illness. After the appropriate treatment, after a few months, the stripes disappear.

The condition of the nails can tell a lot.

Vertically located grooves on the nails of the hands - the reasons for the appearance:

• psoriasis;
• joint diseases (arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis);
• lichen planus;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• disruption of the spinal cord (in this case, the center of the nail plate becomes flat, and the grooves themselves become narrow);
• transferred stresses;
• pathology of the intestine or pancreas (with the grooves protruding strongly).

What do the transverse nail lines talk about?

Transverse grooves on the nail plate can be the result of an unprofessional cut manicure, when the nail matrix or cuticle near it is injured. The stronger the injury, the more pronounced the lines.

With very severe damage, the nail plate may never recover

Sometimes they appear due to a lack of zinc in the body. Such lines are common on the nails of vegetarians, since this beneficial element comes mainly from meat and dairy products.

These deformations signal a lack of iron or possible diseases kidneys (while the furrows are pronounced).

Another one possible reason: the formation of a pronounced imbalance in the digestive system, which makes it difficult for the body to absorb vitamins and nutrients.

Such grooves appear with the constant wearing of varnish (especially low-quality), artificial nails.

Growing nails don't have to be permanent

Mi lines (another name for transverse stripes) are formed after suffering common diseases, under the influence of severe stressful situations. This happens due to the fact that all the body's defenses are spent on the diseased organ, and the nails, not receiving sufficient nutrition, grow weak and thin. During such periods, it is advisable to carry out a massage, use nourishing masks for nails.

Bo's line (an arc-shaped groove that crosses the entire area of ​​the nail across) is a very important line. It occurs when the growth of the nail is suspended due to a malnutrition of the nail matrix.

This happens in the following cases:

• acute infectious diseases: scarlet fever, salmonellosis, influenza, rubella, measles, hepatitis, pneumonia;
• too long a strict diet, as well as prolonged use of potent drugs;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• after chemotherapy.

Interesting! If the reasons that caused the appearance of grooves on the nails of the hands are insignificant and last for a short time, then the lines are superficial. With serious long-term illnesses, they are much more pronounced.

Treatment methods

There is no single cure for this ailment. If a nail defect is provoked by a certain disease, its disappearance will occur by itself some time after recovery.

Caring for nails is an important factor influencing their condition

When the exact diagnosis is not known, a complete examination is necessary to establish it. Moreover, the lines that form on the nail plates themselves do not provide drug treatment... With this problem it is worth contacting a beautician.

1. The best way to locally correct the nail plate is to gently polish it.
2. Use special medicated varnishes to protect grooved nails.
3. Adjust nutrition for nail restoration.

In addition, additional attention must be paid to hygiene procedures:

• use a special protective hand lotion after each wash;
• apply a moisturizer to your nails;
• once a day, massage hands and fingers with jojoba oil.

Nail polishing: treatment rules

In order to eliminate the external defect of the nail plate, you can polish with a special nail file.

It is necessary to polish your nails competently.

This procedure is easy to carry out on your own at home, taking into account simple rules:

1. Violations of the nail plate must not be allowed, therefore, it is imperative to grind strictly in one direction: from right to left or from top to bottom.
2. All scratches and burrs formed on the nail should be carefully polished.
3. Do not touch the cuticle, as its damage leads to a deterioration in the condition of the nail.
4. It is allowed to remove a small layer of the nail at a time.
5. At the end - wash your hands well and rub in the cream that strengthens the nails.
6. Carry out the procedure a maximum of once a week, leaving time for recovery.

Healing varnishes for problem nails

First you need to find out what the grooves on the fingernails are talking about. If the causes of their appearance are identified and eliminated, at this time, you can use special medicinal protective varnishes that will help improve the appearance of the nails.

Such strengthening products have a thick consistency, they are enriched with vitamins, amino acids and other valuable components.

The complex of active substances has a positive effect on the structure of the nails, providing the necessary nutrition and hydration.

These varnishes completely fill in the slightest irregularities, giving the nails smoothness. The therapeutic formula in the composition acts on the nail plate, which grow back even and healthy.

Nutrition for nail restoration

For healthy growth nails need correct healthy eating... Foods rich in vitamins A, B and C, calcium and iodine should be present in the daily diet.

Note! If you follow a strict diet low in protein and fat, nail growth and repair is slowed down.

Dishes every day should contain:

• raw or boiled carrots;
• fresh herbs, onions;
• tomatoes or tomato juice;
• cabbage (all types);
• beef liver;
• sprouted wheat grains;
• dairy and fermented milk products;

Dairy products are known for their health benefits

• spinach;
• fatty fish and various seafood;
• cereals, cereals;
• pumpkin seeds;
• nuts, sesame seeds;
• fruits (any);
• freshly squeezed juices;
• avocado.

Additionally, it is possible to take multivitamin complexes.

Completely exclude:

• alcohol;
• fried and smoked dishes;
• fast food;
• foods with a high content of preservatives.

The amount of fluid consumed affects the health of the nails. It is necessary to drink 2 liters or more of non-carbonated drinking water per day.

Water enables the body to cleanse itself

For a complete renewal of the nail plate, it takes from 3 months to six months. The growth of strong healthy nails and the complete disappearance of grooves on the nails of the hands are good reasons to revise your diet towards a healthy diet.

Prophylaxis

Nail care solutions and creams can be prepared at home from available ingredients.

Recipe number 1

Treat nails with iodine solution 2 times a day. Be guided by the following scheme: 10 days, then a two-day break, again 10 days.

Recipe number 2

Once a day (at night) apply a gauze compress with propolis tincture. This will help if a fungal infection is the cause of the grooves on your fingernails.

Do not allow the mixture to come into contact with the skin so as not to get burned

Recipe number 3

1 tbsp. Dissolve l of gelatin in 0.5 l of boiled water, leave for 1 hour. Then heat the mixture until the gelatin is completely dissolved. Drink this drink throughout the day in several doses.

The course of treatment with gelatin should be carried out for one month. This will strengthen the nail plates and eliminate grooves.

Recipe number 4

It is good to try hot baths, which help to eliminate deformation of the nail.
You will need: starch, soda, sea salt. Heat water to 45 ° C and dissolve all components in it. You can add 5 - 8 drops of eucalyptus or pine extract.

The hand bath has a beneficial effect on the nails and skin of the hands

Dip your hands into the prepared solution and hold for 10 - 15 minutes. After this time, dry well and massage gently with a drop of natural wax or tea tree oil.

Salon procedures

To restore the nail plate, you can order paraffin therapy at the beauty salon. This procedure is used to rejuvenate, moisturize and nourish the skin of the hands and nails.

The manipulation is simple - hands are immersed in paraffin (preheated in a water bath). After light hardening, the substance is removed. As a result - moisturized, soft skin hands and strengthened nails.

To prevent the appearance of grooves on the nails, it is necessary to regularly perform manicure only in proven beauty salons.

For nails to be beautiful and healthy, it is necessary to maintain healthy image life, eat a lot of vegetables and fruits and follow the basic rules of manicure.

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There are many diseases that lead to damage to the nails, as well as to the destruction of their structure, so it is worth knowing the "enemy" in person. One of these defects is Beau-Rayle's grooves - transverse stripes that suddenly appear on the nail plates, spoiling their appearance.

Beau-Reil furrows, the treatment of which is necessary, appear on the plate as a result of disorders that affect the growth of the marigold, and most often endocrine diseases become the causes. Naturally, the strips themselves are not a pathology - they are just a cosmetic defect, a sign of a rather serious illness associated with metabolic processes. However, often such deformations of the nail plate occur as a result of mechanical injury to the phalanx or an unsuccessful manicure.

Outwardly, it is easy to distinguish a groove from other defects, since it looks like an arc and runs along the entire width of the plate from one side ridge to another. If the groove is deep enough, a kind of ridge, a horny outgrowth caused by deformation of the nail, may be present on its posterior edge. The depth of the furrow sometimes reaches one millimeter, but the shade of the plate remains even, there are no color changes. The deep groove of Beau-Rail is able to divide the nail into two parts, while the upper part gradually dies and falls off, as it is deprived of the necessary nutrition. It is not necessary that there is one groove on the plate, depending on the severity of the underlying disease, several stripes of different depths may appear. It often happens that an exacerbation of chronic pathology leads to the formation of new stripes, therefore, the Beau-Reil furrows make it possible to clearly find out how the disease progresses.

By the way, such a defect does not necessarily occur in an adult, often transverse stripes are present on the tiny marigolds of newborns, and the reason for their appearance is the passage of the baby through the birth canal. In children, such a defect manifests itself most often, accompanying most infectious processes, especially if the inflamed area is in the immediate vicinity of the phalanx of the finger. In adults, the causes of defects are myocardial infarctions, cuticle damage during unprofessional manicure, stressful situations, food poisoning. An interesting fact is that Beau-Rail's grooves can appear in people prone to mental illness, emotionally unbalanced.

Treatment of the defect should be carried out simultaneously with the search and therapy of the cause, otherwise any measures aimed at eliminating the grooves will give only a one-time effect. Of course, the therapy of the underlying disease should remove an unpleasant symptom, but subsequently it is worth paying more attention to your own health. For example, you should not visit a manicure master, because of whose negligence the nail is "decorated" with a furrow, avoid stress, treat the existing health problems.

Already existing Beau-Rail grooves do not require any special approach; as the plate grows, the stripes will disappear on their own. However, even a single appearance of a defect should become an alarming signal, notifying of the need to undergo a thorough diagnosis and identify a disease that spoils the appearance of the nail, and therefore affects the entire body as a whole.

Beau-Rayle's furrows are a sign that a malfunction has occurred in the body and every effort should be made to determine the source of the problem and tackle it. Then and cosmetic symptom will become the only and last manifestation of pathology and you will never have to correct the acquired defect again.

A person's nail can tell about the state of health. The disease of the nail plates is called "onychodystrophy".

This is the name of trophic disorders in the tissues of the nails.

Pathology can occur independently, as well as be the result of another disease.

Dystrophic manifestations can be expressed in different ways. It is necessary to consult a specialist to know what onychodystrophy is and to determine what triggered such a change.

The disease can affect the nail plate, its bed, the nail roller. Destruction is caused by disturbances in their nutrition, failure of metabolic processes.

Pathology is both hereditary and acquired.

Treatment of onychodystrophy is individual, since nail disease is provoked by different causes. The disease is fairly common. As statistics show, it is observed in one out of every five people.

Types of onychodystrophy and symptoms

Since the causes of the disease are varied, so are its manifestations. Onychodystrophy is divided into separate types, each of which has its own symptomatology.

The main types are described below.

Bo Reil furrow (Bo furrows)

It is a transverse groove that intersects the surface of the nail plate. Lines stretch from one side roller to the other. This pathology is one of the most common.

The severity of damage to the nail matrices is assessed by the depth of Bo's furrows. With a weak lesion, the line is superficial, and in severe cases it is deep and can divide the thickness of the nail plate into two halves. In such conditions, the removed part of the plate over time loses its connection with the nail bed, whitens and separates.

With periodic damage to the matrix, several furrows appear. They are located one after the other, creating a wavy surface.

Longitudinal furrows

As well as transverse, they can be single (mainly in the central part of the plate), as well as in large numbers. This is the main manifestation of the longitudinal furrows. In the second case, the entire surface of the nail is occupied by lines.

Onychodystrophy of nails in children is most often manifested by the two types described above (as a consequence of the transferred measles, viral diseases).

Brittle nails

Refers to a common type of dystrophy, found mostly in women. Most often, the free edge of the nail plate breaks.

Detachment occurs completely, or only the top layer collapses, leaving a ragged, fringe-like edge.

Orihorexis

The nail is split longitudinally. This pathology appears mainly in the elderly.

Onychoshisis

The wedging of the nail occurs in a transverse manner. A feature of this type of dystrophy is the normal growth of the nail plate to the free edge. This is followed by splitting into two, three layers and more. The nail either breaks off or continues to grow in the form of several thinned plates.

Onycholysis

The one-piece nail plate loses its connection with the bed. The rejection starts from the open edge and eventually spreads towards the well of the nail. Usually no more than half of the nail plate is separated. The lagging part remains smooth, but already whitish-gray in color. An exception is onycholysis of fungal or bacterial origin, in which the plates are deformed, their color changes.

Onychomadesis

The whole nail plate is also detached, but the rejection starts from the proximal part of the nail - opposite to the free edge. This type of onychodystrophy occurs much less frequently than the previous one. It is pronounced, can be accompanied by inflammatory and painful reactions. Rejection is more likely to be thumbs hands and feet.

It is manifested by the appearance of small dents on the surface of the nail plate, like a thimble. The number of pits varies widely. Their depth can be insignificant (for example, with eczema) or deep (syphilis, psoriasis).

Koilonychia

A saucer, spoon or bowl-like impression is formed. The nail plate usually remains smooth and of standard thickness. The depression mainly appears on the 2nd and 3rd fingers of the hands.

Senile nails

The nail becomes dull, becomes grayish or yellowish. Longitudinal furrows appear; with age, their number and depth increase.

Onychogryphosis

The nails become significantly thickened, hypertrophied, bent and become excessively hard. The color of the nail plate changes to yellow, dirty brown or almost black. Mainly, individual nail plates of the feet are affected.

The disease is characterized by a change in the shape of the nail plate, which is made domed, while its hardness is often lost. The tips of the fingers become rounded, over time they take on the appearance of drumsticks.

Causes of occurrence

Onychodystrophy causes malnutrition at the cellular level. As a result, the nail does not grow properly. To the most frequent reasons pathologies include the following:

• the consequence of skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, etc.);
• vitamin deficiency and lack of minerals (vitamins A, B2, minerals - sulfur and calcium are of particular importance);
• cardiovascular disease;
• diseases of the respiratory system, liver, gallbladder;
• disorders in the endocrine system;
• serious trauma of a mental and emotional nature;
• mechanical and chemical damage to nails;
• intoxication of the body;
• hereditary pathologies;
• infectious diseases (especially of a bacterial and fungal nature).

It is possible to predict the occurrence of onychodystrophy in patients with tuberculosis. Hippocrates' nails were considered his characteristic symptom until more modern methods diagnostics.

The risk group also includes pregnant women in whom the lack of nutrition of the nail plates occurs as a result of hormonal changes in the body with the priority of giving nutrients to the unborn child.

Nails can become sore as a result of injury to the fingers. But besides this, they are severely damaged by chemically active substances used in manicure and pedicure. This is worth remembering for girls using acetone, xylene, varnishes based on organic solvents.

In half of the cases, the "culprit" of the pathology is nail fungus. The likelihood of injury after infectious diseases increases significantly.

Diagnostics

Examination of the nail plates and taking a general history will allow an experienced dermatologist to make the correct diagnosis. Scraping of the nail tissue for fungi is usually done, since they are the most common provocateurs of the disease. If the fungal nature of the pathology is confirmed, it would be useful to consult a mycologist.

Diagnostics also includes methods such as:

• confocal microscopy;
• dermatoscopy;
• a blood test for alkaline phosphatase activity.

Since onychodystrophy can cause pathologies of various organs, effective treatment possible only after identifying the root cause.

Treatment of the disease

Delaying seeking medical help will negatively affect the course of the disease. The disguise of the unsightly appearance nails with varnishes. With the inability of the nail to "breathe" destructive processes are only exacerbated.

Self-medication without consulting a specialist is also a bad decision. Incorrect identification of causes, incorrect dosage and selection of medications will complicate the situation.

Treatment of onychodystrophy must be carried out in a comprehensive manner, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body. Therapy should be aimed at eliminating the cause of the pathology, restoring metabolic processes in the nail itself and the surrounding tissues.

Therefore, all activities are carried out only after consultation with a qualified doctor. Even complex cases such as onychomadesis respond favorably to timely treatment.

To ensure the supply of nutritional components, drugs are used that improve capillary blood circulation and increase the strength of blood vessels. Physiotherapy and massages are prescribed in parallel.

The intake of vitamins with minerals, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids... For the same purpose, the patient is prescribed a special diet. Eating pure edible gelatin is effective. It is also practiced the appointment of fortifying and strengthening the immune system means.

Onychodystrophy of the nails requires, among other things, local treatment. It includes a number of procedures in the form:

1. Hot baths with additives and sea salt and essential oils.
2. Applications from warm wax, paraffin, ozokerite, therapeutic mud (they are applied in such a way as to cover the area of ​​the roller and the nail plate, as well as the skin around).
3. Iontophoresis.
4. Diathemia.
5. Phonophoresis.
6. Use of keratolytic patches to remove dead areas and layers of damaged nail plates.
7. Ointment with nutrients (vitamins, minerals).

In the case of emotional disorders, the main treatment is the use of medications that calm the nervous system, conducting psychological conversations.

One of the physiotherapeutic techniques is hardware medical manicure. It promotes the best passage of medicinal substances.

If the disease is fungal in nature, the attending physician selects antimycotic drugs.

Most often these are creams or ointments. The most effective way elimination of fungi in the nail area is considered a course of laser therapy.

The following treatment is also practiced folk remedies:

• iodine solution, currant or cranberry juice are rubbed into the nail plate daily;
• compresses with kombucha are made (it is applied in thin plates, which are wrapped in cellophane for fixation, in the morning the nails are washed, and iodine is applied);
• the fingertips are immersed in melted wax, then cotton-based gloves are put on (it is advisable to carry out the procedure before bedtime).

Prophylaxis

To prevent the appearance of onychodystrophy, you need to exclude its root causes. It is necessary to protect the nail plates from injuries, aggressive effects cosmetics, household chemicals. Avoid stressful situations.

A balanced diet will help protect you from nail pathology. For prevention, you need to take complexes of vitamins and minerals.

Since dystrophy of the nail plates is often associated with diseases internal organs, their treatment will prevent its development.

It is unacceptable to hide emerging nail defects under varnish. It is important for children to instill in time the rules of personal hygiene.

(Beau-Reilly's arcuate grooves) is a type of acquired onychodystrophy as a result of damage to the matrix of the nail plate. Clinically manifested by transverse lines, the depth of which (up to 1 mm) is proportional to the severity of the pathology. Bo's lines do not differ in color from healthy nail, occur after injuries, against the background of severe infections, cardiovascular diseases, skin pathology. The diagnosis is made by a dermatologist on the basis of clinical manifestations, dermatoscopy is additionally used, scraping from the lesion for fungi. Treatment focuses on recovery chemical composition nail: baths with herbal solutions, electrophoresis with vitamins, paraffin applications, therapeutic mud, UV.

ICD-10

L60.4

General information

Bo's lines - pathology of the nail plate in the form of transverse linear grooves resulting from damage to the growth zone of the nail. The bow-shaped stripes of Beau-Reilly were first described by the French military surgeon Joseph Honore Simon Beau in the middle of the 19th century, having noticed this symptom in many wounded soldiers. He called the reason for this pathology of nails a temporary stop in their growth as a result of trauma and stress. Modern dermatologists believe that transverse lines are nothing more than the result of trophic disorders of the nail matrix, which change its chemical composition. Taking into account the fact that the nail plate grows completely in about 90 days, the distance from the nail fold (the point of the beginning of nail growth) to the Bo line can be used to determine the time of injury or the age of the chronic pathology that caused the nail changes. The pathological process does not have a gender component, although Bo's Lines are called manicure onychodystrophy, does not have seasonal and age characteristics, is not endemic.

Causes of Bo lines

Bo's lines are polyetiological. The main triggers of the pathological process can be considered uncontrolled intake of drugs or the toxic effect of potent drugs (chemotherapy), trauma, hypothermia, metabolic disorders (diet), infections, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The immediate cause of Bo lines is inhibition of the nail matrix. Metabolic and trophic disturbances in the process of contact of pathological antigens with periungual tissues and horn cells of the nail plate lead to disproportions in tissue nutrition, a change in the individual genetically programmed chemical composition of the nail.

The matrix of the nail, capable of growing due to the horny cells of the epidermis, is located under the root of the nail and in the distal part is connected to the periosteum. The white half moon of the nail or lunula marks the border of its growing part. Mechanical damage to the nail in the area of ​​the lunula leads to blockage of the natural supply channels of the matrix, impairs the nutrition of the tissues that ensure the growth of the nail plate and guarantee the constancy of the chemical composition of the nail. The result is Bo mechanical lines.

A fungal or other infection, the action of toxic or medicinal substances acting as pathogenic triggers, indirectly disrupts the trophism of the dermis and its appendages, which also causes a deterioration in the nutrition of the nail bed area. In this case, pathogenic antigens, penetrating into the matrix keratinocytes, damage them, cause the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that destroy the well-functioning self-regulating metabolism inside the cell, and in the dermis, through a number of biochemical reactions, provoke a blockade of the protein necessary for the construction of the nail.

Deprived of normal nutrition, matrix tissues cease to produce a sufficient number of growth cells, which leads to a change in the chemical composition of the nail plate, nail dystrophy, and its deformation. In other words, in this case, Bo lines are the result of a spontaneous interruption of the normal synthesis of keratin in the nail matrix for a variety of reasons. The severity of pathological changes in the matrix of the nail plate determines clinical manifestations Bo lines.

Bo line classification and symptoms

In modern dermatology, Bo Lines are a frequent finding in clinical practice. The classification of pathology is purely applied. Beau-Reilly furrows are distinguished by the depth of the nail lesion, which is important when prescribing adequate therapy for the pathological process. Bo's superficial lines indicate the presence of small metabolic defects, while deep lines indicate severe metabolic disorders or serious injuries. There is a classification of Bo lines by the number of stripes. One groove makes it possible to predict a quick cure without any medical intervention, several grooves make the nail wavy and are a sign of a chronic pathological process. Taking into account the multiplicity of Bo-Reilly stripes, it is possible to estimate the frequency of exacerbations and the duration of light intervals between relapses by the rate of growth of the nail from line to line.

Bo's lines, in fact, are not lines in the direct sense of the word. Rather, these are temporary depressions in the nail corresponding to the moment of suppression of the growth of horny cells in the matrix under the influence of pathological triggers. The clinical picture of Bo's lines is characterized by the appearance of transverse grooves, which necessarily pass through the entire width of the nail from edge to edge between the lateral ridges and do not exceed 1 mm in depth. Bo's lines can be localized on the nail plates of both hands and feet.

Bo lines, arising against the background of chronic pathologies, are able to transform smooth surface wavy nail. However, both in acute trauma and in a chronic pathological process, the appearance of Bo lines can be very different - from arches, grooves, grooves and canals to classic linear defects. In the deep lines of Bo, there is sometimes a small frill along the posterior (distal) edge, while the color of the nail and its smoothness in intact areas do not change. Bo lines may be associated with latent systemic cutaneous pathology,