How to properly shape a child's behavior

The feeding of children aged 5-6 is associated with some difficulties. The turning point in character and awareness of oneself as a person in society, awareness of one's own (albeit small so far) capabilities, preparation for school - all this perfectly reflects the key moments in the life of parents and their children at this age.

The most difficult thing in raising children is always the distribution of time between the attention given to them and other parental (and not only) responsibilities. Moreover, most of the parents send their child to a kindergarten, where they look after the kids, but they do not always bring up and invest something.

At the age of 5 or 6, no big difference in the upbringing of a boy or girl. Of course, boys at this age are more energetic and girls are more assiduous, but the main points of parenting psychology are suitable for both genders.

Passion for computer games

Nowadays, many parents complain about children's excessive enthusiasm for computer games, which seem to brainwash, hypnotize kids. Time-limited tantrums with these kinds of games are almost inevitable for any family. Developers computer games to create interesting versions, they invite not only designers and artists, but also psychologists who know how to attract the attention of a child, and sometimes even an adult, and for a very long time.

The unprotected psyche of a child is not able to withstand the pressure of the alluring computer industry. Therefore, the time of the game must be limited. Give them no more than 30-60 minutes a day.

It is imperative to take care of the content of the games themselves. Computer games can be both harmful and inappropriate for age, and moderately useful. Today, by going to the Internet, you can find a wide variety of online children's computer games, where kids can learn to read, count, foreign languages, logic, etc. Such games for children will still remain not something tense and formative for the psyche, but pleasant option learning to make life a little easier for parents. But shooters and other aggressive games can infect kids with their aggressiveness. Not to mention the rollover corpses, tons of meat, disgusting mutants, etc.

Preparing your child for school

Another important point that you should definitely pay attention to is preparation for school. The kids cannot do the same thing for a long time, but if they are not taught to sit at the table for at least an hour now, then at school they will suffer even more.

Today, teachers require certain skills and abilities when entering school. The situation when the child, due to their absence, will not be taken to school, must be excluded, and for this you just need to sit down and study.

You should start by studying individual letters, memorizing the sequence of letters in the Russian alphabet, then smoothly move on to reading syllables (you should also not forget about writing letters), and then words with sentences.

Sometimes it can be very difficult to get a kid to exercise. Especially considering that children do not succeed at once. And at the age of 5-6, children are used to doing only what is given immediately. At this stage, it is worth explaining to the child that only work and training can achieve the desired result.

Raising a child by example

Of course, raising children cannot be limited to games and learning alone. Walking along the street with children, parents' stories about their childhood and what and how is happening in the world are also necessary for every kid.

Children of this age are very attentive to the behavior of their parents, so it is always worth thinking about what example we set them in a given situation.

A visit with mom and dad to a zoo, a cinema, a circus and even just a park can leave vivid impressions for a child for the rest of his life. Think of yourself at that age, and you will surely have some memories of spending time with your parents. Such contacts with children are necessary for the normal development of the personality. A child should feel calm and confident in life, and for this he often looks at his parents, orientates himself by them in his environment.

It is at this age that he is already more explicitly trying to say the word “no”. It may even happen that he will do what he decided, not looking at the opinion of his parents, but watching their reaction. In such cases, you should look at each specific situation separately, what to do.

The ideal option would be if a trusting relationship develops between the child and the parents, and not a relationship like "I am a parent, and you are still small and stupid." It is important to find that golden mean when the child can be independent to the best of what you allow him.

On this moment the growing baby is still quite dependent on his parents, but at the age of 15, when the teenage breakdown of character begins, the situation will change greatly, and only with the help of a trusting relationship it will be possible to find out what and how is happening with the child.

Energy of a 5-6 year old child

The release of energy is a topic that would be worth a whole separate article. Each person needs to release energy, and a 5-6 year old child needs it several times more. If he does not spend it somewhere where possible, he may not behave in the evenings. the best way: jumping on sofas, rushing along the corridor from side to side, climbing to fight with parents, etc. To avoid such unpleasant situations, the easiest way is to enroll the baby, for example, for swimming or playing football. Any outdoor games and activities will help him waste his excess of physical strength, which children really have more. Outdoor games with parents can also be one of the very good attractive and useful options solutions to this problem.

But the most important condition for upbringing, in which the kids will grow up and be happy, is parental love. If there is an opportunity and an extra minute, never neglect it - hug your baby and let him feel how much you love him.

In terms of the complexity of the course, the crisis in children 6-7 years old can only be compared with the adolescent crisis. At this age, the child's carefree preschool life ends, he acquires new status- a first grader. In many respects, the crisis of children 6-7 years old is due to the responsibilities that have piled on them, with the burden of which young students cannot always cope without the help of their parents.

What is the reason for the seven-year-old crisis in children

At about the age of seven, parents are faced with a certain personality crisis associated with the fact that the baby needs to go to school. Here begins a new period in the life of the child - the youngest. Parents, of course, are very concerned about how ready their child is to go to school, whether he will cope with the assimilation of the program, and how the new team will accept him.

Due to developmental psychology, it is possible to cope with a crisis in a 7-year-old child only with an integrated approach. Sometimes the involvement of specialists is required. Most parents believe that the most important aspects of learning in school are being able to do what they say, controlling your emotions, listening to directions, etc.

At first glance, it may seem that the child is gradually reaching the required level of mental development. Indeed, the 6-year-old crisis is mentioned much less often, since during this period the baby has a relatively stable system of relationships with parents, other family members and peers. These relations are regulated by a number of norms and requirements. The child performs a number of specific duties, for example, observes the daily routine, helps the parents with the housework, etc., in addition, he has a certain amount of free time.

However, after a while, parents are faced with one very important problem - their child becomes naughty, irritable, and increasingly capricious. The crisis of a 7-year-old child manifests itself in regular conflicts with adults, the younger student ignores those duties that he previously performed almost with pleasure.

Parents notice that their child has ceased to interact with them and does not react in any way to reminders related to going to bed, mealtime, etc. Later, he begins to argue, contradict, largely violate the established daily routine, and be capricious.

It is worth noting that during this period of life, the child has a rather serious stressful situation associated with the fact that the child's social situation is changing dramatically. It replaces the relationship between the child and the parents, activities junior student replaced by new ones. Such a transition is often quite painful; it is usually accompanied by stubbornness and various negative manifestations. At this stage, the parents are in a certain confusion - if the child stops listening to them, does not follow a number of elementary rules, then how will he listen to the teacher when he goes to school?

Psychology of the crisis of childhood at 6-7 years

However, if we consider the current situation from the point of view of psychology, then there is nothing surprising in a 7-year-old child in crisis. This is a completely natural stage in the development of his personality, when he is going through one of the most important periods of his life. The psychological space of the resulting crisis is the very area where the child begins to try his / her developing abilities.

The fact is that before understanding what it is like to act according to certain rules, the child must first realize these rules, isolate them from the current life situation. This is what causes the crisis and misunderstanding between him and his parents. Children gradually highlight the rules that have been established for them, and their first reaction is a violation, which is a completely natural phenomenon.

And how to understand that 7-year-old children have a crisis at the physiological level? A young organism goes through an active stage of biological maturation. By this age, the frontal regions of the cerebral hemispheres are finally formed. Thanks to this, the child acquires the ability to purposeful and voluntary behavior, he is able to plan his further actions.

At the same age, the mobility of nervous processes increases, but the processes of excitation are still key, it is because of them that the baby is restless, his emotional excitability is at elevated level... The development of a 7-year-old child's crisis is influenced by a number of surrounding unfavorable factors. The baby's psyche begins to react in a new way to all sorts of harmful external stimuli. For example, if the baby is ill, then he has psychomotor agitation, stuttering or tics. In early school age, many children have increased general emotional excitability, symptoms and fear syndromes appear regularly, he begins to show aggression more often than before.

The proximity of a school bench also provokes a crisis in a 7-year-old child, and this is due to the formation of the inner position of the future first grader. At this age, the child gradually loses his childlike spontaneity. At a younger age, his behavior is relatively understandable to those around him, primarily to his parents. When a seven-year-old crisis begins, even an outside observer will be able to notice that the baby has lost his naivety and spontaneity in behavior. In communication with people around, both with peers and with elders, certain changes also occur. His actions from this age on are not so easy to explain.

The loss of immediacy is associated with the fact that the intellectual component begins to wedge itself into the child's behavior. In some cases, actions seem artificial or strained, they are not always clearly manifested. Therefore, the most essential feature of a crisis situation of this age is the dilution of external and inside personality, due to which a large number of different kinds of experiences arise.

At this age, he first tries to generalize the emotions that occur inside him. If the situation repeated itself with him more than once, then the baby is able to comprehend it and draw a conclusion on how to relate to himself, his success and position. He can roughly imagine how others will react to one or another of his actions. However, experiences have another side - they often come into conflict with each other, which ultimately leads to the emergence of internal tension. This cannot but affect the psyche of the child.

It is worth noting that the experiences of a child at the age of 6-7 have a number of their own characteristics. They acquire a specific meaning, that is, the child becomes able to understand what kind of experiences occur in his soul - he is happy, upset, angry, etc.

It often happens that the child's experiences are associated with the fact that for the first time in his life he is faced with new difficult or unpleasant situations, from which he has to look for a way out. However, the generalization of experiences is one of the key points so that the baby can overcome the crisis of seven years of age.

The child's behavior ceases to be momentary, he gradually begins to realize his capabilities, such vital concepts as self-esteem and self-esteem begin to form in his head. They are very different from what happened to him before. Child younger age loves himself very much, however, pride (if taken as a generalized relationship to his personality) and self-esteem is not observed in him.

Development crisis of a 7-year-old child: first time in first grade

In addition, psychologists associate the 7-year-old crisis in children with the formation of a new systemic education for a child - the internal position of a first-grader. It does not arise every minute, but begins to be laid in the psyche of the baby, starting from about five years old. Children are gradually realizing that in the near future they will have to go to school, many of them are waiting for this moment as a holiday, serious matters that are already out of the game process become more attractive for them. Therefore, often the child at this stage begins to disrupt the established daily routine in kindergarten, society younger preschoolers becomes a burden for him. He begins to understand that he needs new knowledge. Thus, there is a need for learning, which can be realized after the baby goes to first grade for the first time.

Sometimes the situation begins to develop in a different direction. A 7-year-old child crisis can also develop if children, under the influence of certain circumstances, do not end up at school, but their position as a schoolchild by this time has fully formed. Children have a desire to go to school, they strive to take a new position in society, an ordinary preschool activities ceases to satisfy them. A child at this age strives for his new social position to be recognized by others. He begins to protest against the fact that his parents treat him like a little one. At the same time, it does not matter at all where it happens - on the street, among strangers, or at home, when only close people are nearby. This protest can take many different forms.

It goes without saying that the crisis of the age of seven does not form every minute, therefore psychologists single out several stages at once in the formation of the position of the future schoolchild. First of all, they note that closer to seven sodas, children begin to perceive school positively, even though the main content points educational process remain a mystery to them. By and large, this position of the child is still preschool, he simply transfers it to school soil. The child wants to go to school, but is not going to change his familiar image life. A positive image of this is formed in his mind. educational institution at the expense of external attributes: he becomes interested if there is a certain form of clothing there, how his successes will be assessed, how he will have to behave there.

The next stage in the development of a positive position of the future student in relation to school is the emergence of an orientation towards the reality of the educational institution, in particular, its meaningful moments. However, first of all, the child pays attention not so much to the learning process itself, but to socialization in a team.

The last stage, associated with the formation of a 7-year-old crisis, is the direct emergence of the child's position, when a social orientation and a final orientation towards the key components of life in the school itself are already being formed. However, as a rule, the student is fully aware of this only closer to the beginning of the third grade of primary school.

The crisis of the junior student and the motives of the first grader

The crisis of a younger student is largely provoked by the active development of the motivational sphere, when he has new motives to do or not to do this or that act. Here the motives that can induce a future first grader to go to school play a key role:

• cognitive activity, expressed in the educational process;
• motives aimed at the emergence of new acquaintances, in addition, they are associated with the acceptance for granted that it is necessary to study;
• the child seeks to take a new position in relations with the people around him, that is, he, by and large, moves from one social group (preschoolers) to a new one (high school students);
• motives that have an external orientation, because the child has to somehow obey the requirements presented to him by adults; V play motive, transferred in his mind to a new sphere, which now represents study;
• a competitive motive based on getting a higher mark compared to other students in the class.

To study in detail all the motives that drive the child's behavior, you can use one well-proven psychological method... Offer your child a short story where each of the characters explains their desire to go or not go to school in their own way. In this case, the child will have to choose one of the proposed versions. According to child psychologists, children around the age of six have a high incentive to play, which is often combined with a social or positional motive. In the learning environment (if a 6-year-old child is already attending school), this motive gradually fades into the background, and it is replaced by a positional and cognitive one. This process is much slower than that of six year old child who does not go to school yet.

These data suggest that you should not send your child to school until he reaches a certain age. The so-called1 "first class crisis" can have a very negative impact on its development.

Psychologists have noticed that between preschool and primary school age, a child dramatically changes his self-esteem. Until the age of six or seven, he perceives himself extremely positively, and this does not depend at all on the area in which he assesses himself. Psychologists clearly demonstrate the manifestation of the crisis childhood at 6-7 years old with the help of the simplest exercise called "Ladder". The child is asked to define his skills and abilities and put them on a certain rung of the ladder, depending on how he assesses himself. Children under the age of six always put themselves on the highest rung and define their development as the highest.

Before entering school, the child's answers begin to change dramatically. In many respects, the crisis of the first grader is due to the fact that he begins to distinguish between the real I (the person who he really is at the moment) and the ideal I (who he would like to become or what skills to master). The self-esteem of the growing personality becomes more adequate, the baby is no longer going to place himself at the highest level, but the level of claims that is dictated to him by the ideal I remains very high.

At the same age, the child's attitude towards adults changes dramatically. By about the age of seven, children gradually begin to distinguish their behavior when communicating with loved ones and other adults, even if they are strangers. If you ask six year old child, about which a stranger can talk to him, then he will answer that he will offer to play, will call somewhere. It turns out that children at the age of six perceive strangers, adults, as friends or as relatives. But literally a couple of months after the child turns six, he can offer several options at once regarding communication with a stranger, tell what exactly he expects from the appeal of a stranger. For example, children often say that a stranger can try to find out their address, name and telephone number. They gradually begin to distinguish the difference in communication between loved ones and strangers.

At the age of seven, voluntary mental activity and behavior begins to form. It is at this age that the child becomes able to perceive and maintain a number of certain rules, and their significance increases significantly. All these abilities appear due to the fact that a rather complex chain of concepts arises in the child's mind.

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The behavior of a 6-year-old child is fundamentally different from that of younger children. The child already perfectly understands and has well mastered the social norms and rules of behavior in society, he becomes less impulsive, learns to restrain aggression and defend his point of view in front of adults and peers.

When raising a child of 6-7 years old, parents should take into account that at this age, relationships with peers are especially important for a child, therefore, everything possible should be done to ensure that he has his own circle of friends with constant friends. Along with friends, a 6-year-old child shows genuine interest in the opposite sex, the baby can carefully hide it, or, on the contrary, very actively show his sympathies. Parents should support the child during this period and explain to him in an accessible form what the concept of relationships between men and women is, why they are important, and how to build them correctly.

The essence of raising children 6 years old also lies in the fact that, without using the old, but far from effective method for children "carrot and stick", parents could find the right approach to the baby, became for him people whom he can trust.

It is very important that the preschooler is not bored with his parents, at this age you can share your experience with him, visit various exhibitions, museums and theaters together, since at the age of 6 the child is already able to perceive complex information.

Raising a 6-year-old child: psychology

From a psychological point of view, the age of 6-7 years is considered a period when a child gradually begins to move away from his parents and wants to spend more and more time with his peers. Parents should not show jealousy, prohibit the child from communicating with friends, complain about his unwillingness to spend time with them, since all these manipulations of the child's consciousness will only cause a feeling of guilt in the child, which in the future can give rise to many complexes.

At the age of 6-7 years, the psychological development of a child undergoes progressive changes, his physical capabilities develop more and more and expand mental capacity... Intellectual learning is becoming the leading activity in the upbringing of a 6-year-old child. The psychology of the preschooler is also undergoing some pressure from the parents, who are beginning to actively prepare him for the upcoming first trip to school. The requirements for the baby are sharply increasing, he can no longer do what he wants all day, parents are actively developing attention and perseverance in their children. However, do not forget that games are still very important for a child, therefore, 1-2 hours a day he needs to provide time for entertainment, give him the opportunity to choose his own activities for leisure.

It is best to use various educational games for raising a child of 6 years old, which will allow him to playfully acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for school, moreover, the arbitrariness and controllability of his behavior will continue to form in the game.

Learning is directly influenced by the child's readiness for school, which does not mean knowledge of the alphabet and numbers, but motivational readiness, in other words, the child's desire to learn and gain new knowledge (cognitive motivation). Every child has a tremendous potential by nature - the ability to learn and acquire new knowledge; it is very important to do everything possible in order not to lose it. Many parents who are raising a child of 6 years old Last year before school, they begin to intensively prepare for it with their baby. It is very important that preparation for school does not turn into a tedious duty imposed by parents: such an approach will completely cut down the entire intellectual potential of the child, he will not want to go to school, and later he will be too lazy to study. By bringing creative elements into boring activities and playing them in the form of a game, parents will achieve brilliant results, and preparing for school will turn into a great time together.

If it was decided to send the child to specialized courses for preparing for school, then the parents should choose a bright and interesting teacher for the child, with whom he will not be bored to study. Better not to prepare for school at all than to instill in your child an aversion to learning with boring assignments and boring teachers.

Also, raising a child of 6 years old, parents can tell their children about their positive school experience, so that they have a positive opinion about the school in advance.

When raising a child of 6 years old, it is very important for parents to listen to his reasoning and inventions, to discuss with him the topics or events that are of concern to him, to listen to his opinion. The more a child trusts his parents, the easier it will be for him to communicate with other people.

Together with the child, you can create various crafts, learn to use tools and implements, draw, sculpt or cook food - any of these processes, if desired, can be turned into an exciting game.

Raising a child of 6 years old, parents, first of all, want to invest in the character of their child such positive qualities as conscientiousness, responsibility and a sense of duty, which can be developed by following simple rules, namely:

No less important is the reaction of parents who are raising a child of 6 years old to the mistakes and misdeeds of their child. The child's bad behavior should be punished with a one-time reprimand, in which it is clearly explained to him what his mistake is, after which there should be no return to this topic. A further reminder of the misconduct will make the child feel guilty, and mothers who like to be “offended” to be more persuasive to their own children should know that this behavior is erroneous: not every child will be able to draw the right conclusions from the current situation.

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To the beginning of the senior preschool - junior school age, the child is already developing quite intensively arbitrary memory as well as intentional memorization. This is due to active play activities and specially organized training.

A child at 5-6 years old switches to new level psychological development

Development of cognitive processes at 5-6 years old

There is a formation of visual-figurative forms of thinking of children. Thanks to this, the child no longer needs the object itself to carry out mental operations. This greatly expands the child's theoretical thinking.

Mental development children - patterns

Perceiving objects visually, by ear, with the help of tactile sensitivity, the child is already using the base of sensory standards in his memory.

This gives him the opportunity not only to perceive separately, but also to evaluate individual properties of objects (for example, length, width, height, etc.). The idea of ​​a 5-6 year old child about objects becomes much more accurate.

Cognitive activity at this age is very high

The speech of children is becoming more coherent, its grammatical structure is improving. Egocentrism of speech comes to naught. It becomes not only a means of communication, but also an important tool in the thought process.

V preschool childhood a qualitatively new process is also developing and improving, by this age it begins to play a key role in the development of the child - imagination.

It can be both cognitive and affective. That is, depending on the situation, it can both contribute intellectual development child, and become a source of positive emotions.

Generally, cognitive activity older children preschool age remains high. The child asks adults a lot of questions, he tries to study the world around him as deeply as possible.

Do not leave children's questions without attention

Advice to parents: During this period, it is extremely important not only not to extinguish the need for development in it, but also to provide it with the proper conditions in the future.

Communication in senior preschool age

As the child's speech develops, more and more new forms of interaction with others become available to him. In particular, the psychology of children aged 5-6 years old presupposes the presence of two basic forms of communication:

1. Non-situational-cognitive communication is carried out advantageously with adults or older children. The purpose of such communication is to expand the child's ideas about the world around him, and the motive is curiosity and curiosity inherent in children of this age.
2. Extra-situational-personal communication develops and begins to manifest itself after a couple of years, or somewhat later. Children have new topics of conversation. They are interested in each other's hobbies, interests, they talk about their relatives, friends and other close people.

Constant friends appear at the age of 5-6

In older preschool age, children develop such significant qualities for communication as the ability to empathize and sympathy. Empathy is manifested - the ability to understand the mood of the interlocutor and behave in accordance with this. Each peer acquires individual traits in the eyes of the child, the child forms circles of communication (close friends, acquaintances, etc.).

At primary school age, the circle of significant persons for the child expands, supplemented by school teachers, classmates, etc.

On the basis of the child's perception of his environment, the child forms self-esteem, which expresses his attitude towards himself. Subsequently, the child's self-esteem will be affected mainly by his achievements, as well as the level of self-pretensions. But at this age, self-esteem is influenced by how the child is seen by his relatives and friends.

Tip: Try to sincerely enjoy all the achievements of a young member of your family, and do not miss the opportunity to praise him for even minor successes. It will never be superfluous.

Play activities at the age of 5-6 years

As before, play is still the leading activity between the ages of 5 and 6. However, as the child grows up, she acquires new, previously uncharacteristic features.

Role-playing games of children are most actively included in the life of a child, starting from senior preschool age.

Points for monitoring the development of a child at 5-6 years old

Their distinctive feature is that the child no longer performs a certain set of actions, but models his behavior, adjusting to the role he plays. In the game, features such as plot and content are manifested. The content of the game shows what exactly lies at the heart of the game action. As a rule, children are able to grasp only the visible, external side, but they quite clearly understand what representatives of certain professions, various social groups, etc. are doing. The plot allows you to structure the game, to streamline the actions of its participants.

Role-playing games come to the fore

Having sufficient experience of object-related activity, children of 5-6 years old actively use in the process of play not only the objects themselves, but also their substitutes. Thus, an imaginary situation (or imaginary) is formed, where the child uses the existing one and acquires new experience. However, the relationship between children is very real.

In addition, by participating in role-playing games, the child learns to coordinate and coordinate his actions with other participants in the process, acquiring important socialization skills.

Specificity of the game - a list of characteristics

Summarizing the role of play, we can outline its main functions in the senior preschool period:

1. The game contributes to the development of the arbitrariness of mental processes.
2. Egocentrism of thinking is overcome. The child learns to accept the point of view of other people and mentally stand in their place.
3. The creativity in the child develops.
4. The sign function of speech is enhanced.

Other activities in the preschool period

In the senior preschool and primary school period, the following activities are also intensively developing:

1. Visual activity. If earlier the drawings consisted mainly of borrowed graphic templates common to almost all children, then by the age of 5-6 they already acquire more pronounced individual features. the image begins to include much more detail, shades of color. The character of the picture begins to have an increasingly significant influence on the sex of the child, the social situation around him, etc.
2. Educational activities. In senior preschool age, the child is prepared for the beginning of school life. However, along with intellectual activity, there are many important role also plays a motivational basis, physical and social readiness for school.

Preparing for school is an important moment in rib development

The main tasks of education

A boy or girl aged 5-6 years should be brought up in such a way that by the beginning of school age the following tasks are solved

Despite the fact that the child still has a rather modest life experience, and a critical perception of himself and others has not yet been developed, it is very important to make sure that the child begins to show independence. For this, it is very important to create the most trusting relationship with your children. In families where the parent takes the position of an unattainable authority, a 5-6 year old child will feel completely dependent on him and will not even try to express his own opinion, make a decision, etc.

Nurturing self-reliance starts with self-help skills

Perceiving the parent as a close friend, ready to provide him with support and help at any time, the child will not be afraid of mistakes.

And this is the first step towards a child gaining independence, independence, readiness to make independent decisions and be responsible for them.

Working with self-esteem

After the child's status in the peer group grows, his self-esteem ceases to depend on his parents' perception. That is why it is so important to support the child at an early age, helping him to believe in himself. However, it is worth remembering that working with self-esteem of children of different sexes requires a different approach: a boy is significantly different from a girl.

Self-esteem at 5-6 years old plays an important role in the development of children

And if praising a girl you need to focus on her human qualities, a 5-year-old boy should be rewarded for specific achievements - this is the psychology of gender differences.

Early childhood crisis

Child psychology recognizes that a preschool crisis occurs at about 5-6 years of age. During this period, the behavior of children is distinguished by the following features:

1. Loss of childlike spontaneity. The assimilation of a number of patterns of behavior, the desire to behave in a certain way in a particular environment.
2. The first manifestations in behavior of willfulness, reasoned negativism and stubbornness, greed.
3. Emphasized imitation of adults. The desire to go beyond your own age group- a fairly typical desire of children from 5 years old
4. Striving for autonomy and independence.

A preschooler's crisis arises from the fact that he seems to himself already quite old

Unlike other periods, significant restrictions begin to enter into the life of children, which will intensify in the near future (in particular, after the child goes to school). Realizing this makes it harder to deal with the crisis. However, the parent can help the child overcome this difficult period for him.

• Clarification of the rules. The child must not only know what is required of him, but also understand the reasons for this.
• Creation of a situation of success so that a child, whether a boy or a girl, feels within himself the opportunity to perform this or that action.
• Providing the child with the opportunity to show independence in decision-making, carrying out assignments, etc.

Video. Psychological characteristics of children

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The loud story of the death of a 6-year-old boy under the wheels of a car in the Moscow region received a new impetus. Key characters This confusing story began to actively communicate with the media and made a number of statements. Moreover, on the air of Channel One, for the first time since the death of the child, Olga Alisova, who had run over, and the relatives of the deceased met.

The woman driving the car asked for forgiveness from the family of Lesha Shimko. “Forgive me if you can. It’s hard for me too, I’m a mother myself and I also worry with you, ”she said. - I know that you will not forgive me. Forgive me, do not forgive, but accept condolences. "

According to her, she is not afraid of harsh criminal punishment.

“If proven guilty, I’m not afraid ... I didn’t see him. I'm not scared, because I already have the main punishment, it will be with me until the end of my days, ”said Alisova.

However, there is no talk of any reconciliation between the woman and the boy's family.

In addition, a forensic expert from the city of Zheleznodorozhny, Mikhail Kleimenov, spoke in a number of media yesterday. It was he who took samples for analysis and sent them to the laboratory, and then signed a report on the intoxication of the deceased boy.

“The examination of the corpse was carried out on April 24th. And I took two blood samples, including one to establish the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood.

All entries were sealed with my personal seal. The next day, two blood samples were sent to MONIKI from the Zheleznodorozhny District. All the necessary data was written in the documents.

After carrying out all the necessary examinations, we received a conclusion, ”he said on the air of the radio station“ Komsomolskaya Pravda ”.

The results of a study that showed a strong intoxication in a 6-year-old child, the expert was very surprised.

“I was surprised when I saw ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in my blood test. Acetaldehyde is a breakdown product of alcohol that entered the body during life. I doubted the results and reported to my supervisor. We decided to conduct a molecular genetic study of blood, according to the results of which it was established that the blood that was in the analyzed samples belongs to the same person. And it was decided to put an end to this, ”he said.

On another broadcast, this time on Channel One, Kleimenov called for an end to "all sorts of dirty insinuations."

“I am now in the state of a person who has been slandered all over the country for taking a responsible attitude to my work and doing it in accordance with the requirements normative documents and my personal conscience, ”Kleimenov said.

However, the point in the case, most likely, will be put only after the exhumation of the child's body.

At the same time, Alisova's lawyer Natalya Kurakina, in an interview with Gazeta.Ru, assured that there was no alcohol in the boy's blood, and the examination was carried out with violations.

“For us, the results of the examination are a big surprise. My client is accused of allegedly falsifying the results of the examination. However, in fact, such a result of the study only hinders us - such circumstances only aggravate the guilt of my client. We ourselves do not believe that the boy was drunk, ”she said.

According to Kurakina, the exhumation of the boy's body for a second examination will be carried out in the near future.

In addition, as part of the investigation of the case, other expert examinations, in particular, an auto-technical one, will be re-assigned.

At the same time, according to the lawyer, the presence or absence of alcohol in the boy's blood does not in any way affect the severity of the punishment for Alisova, who was driving the car.

It is not yet clear who may be involved in the possible falsification of the examination results. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia previously stated that the employees of the department had nothing to do with the study.

"In connection with the appearance in the media of information about the alleged involvement of police officers in falsifying the results of a forensic medical examination in this criminal case, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia draws attention to the fact that, according to the current legislation, the forensic medical examination bureau is not part of the structure of the ministry," said Gazeta.Ru ”official representative of the department Irina Volk.

According to her, the competence of investigators and interrogators of the internal affairs bodies is only to issue decisions on the appointment of forensic medical examinations.