Announced that the government is proposing to gradually raise the retirement age to 65 for men and 63 for women. This age level will be lower than in many countries of the world, including such European countries as Great Britain, Germany, Italy. The editorial staff of TASS-DOSSIER prepared material on the retirement age at different countries.
In the UK, the retirement age for men and women is 65 (for women it was increased in 2016-2017 from 60 years). In 2019-2020, this bar will be increased to 66 years, and in 2026-2028 - to 67 years. A further increase in the retirement age is planned in 2044-2046 to 68 years (in connection with the latest research on life expectancy, the possibility of making these changes already in 2037-2039 is being considered).
In Germany, a phased increase in the retirement age from 65 years (for men and women) to 67 years has been carried out since 2012 on the basis of a law passed in 2007. The process will end in 2029. Until 2024, the retirement age will increase by one month per year, then by two months per year. On July 1, 2014, amendments to the pension legislation came into force. In particular, citizens who have worked 45 years or more will be able to retire at 63.
In Italy, pension reform started in 2012. As a result of the reforms, the retirement age for men and women was equalized - 66 years and seven months. For civil servants, the changes entered into force on January 1, 2016, for private sector employees - on January 1, 2018. Right early exit citizens with 41 years of work experience are retired. Before the reform, men retired at 65, and women, depending on the employment sector, at 60-65.
In France, in 2017, the retirement age for French people was increased from 60 to 62.5 years. The exception is people who have started labor activity at the age of 18, victims of industrial accidents and disabled, war veterans, as well as those with at least 41 years of service, they can retire at 60. The French government plans to gradually increase the minimum retirement age to 67 years by 2023.
In the United States, the retirement age is determined by the year of birth: for people born before 1960 (both men and women) - 66 years, for people born in 1960 and later - 67 years. On the early retirement Americans can go out from 62 years old, but they lose part of the payments.
In Argentina, the retirement age is 65 for men and 60 for women. In Colombia, men can retire at age 62 and women at 57. In Chile, the retirement age is 65 for men and 60 for women.
Middle East, Asia
In Israel, in 2004, the retirement age was increased for men from 65 to 67 years, for women - from 60 to 62 years. By 2017, it was planned to raise the retirement age for women to 64 years (by 2030 - to 67 years), but the authorities are still postponing this decision.
In China, the system retirement benefits covers only a small part of the population, these are civil servants and people employed in industry. Men retire at the age of 60, women at the age of 50-55 (those engaged in manual labor at 50, those working in the administrative sector at 55). To receive a pension, you must have 15 years of work experience. In 2012, it was proposed to start a gradual increase in the retirement age in order to bring it to the common mark of 65 by 2045, but the reform was postponed.
In India, only government employees are eligible for social benefits. The retirement age is 60-65 years old (each state has its own retirement legislation). The amount of the benefit and the retirement age of the rest depend on the employer.
In Japan, until 2000, the pension was accrued from the age of 60. Since 2001, this age threshold has gradually increased and in 2013 reached 65 years (for men and women). For those who continue to work after 65 years of age, the size of the pension is increased annually.
Pensions in European countries have long exceeded the level of payments in the CIS. The size of the pension in the European Union depends on the policy of the states, the retirement age, the percentage of deductions from each wages and other factors. To earn a high pension, every European needs to fulfill a number of strict conditions. Only in this case can you count on a secure old age. Having worked the required number of years for the state, pensioners will receive decent remuneration and will be able to afford to travel and live in prosperity.
Differences between pension systems in Europe and the Russian Federation
The governments of European countries are interested in ensuring a high standard of living for retired people. European pension reforms are associated with an increase in the retirement age. This is due to the fact that many people are working in retirement. In addition, employers give preference to experienced workers with honed work skills, rather than young unskilled workers.
Prosperous countries prioritize pension reforms to improve the lives of older people.
In Russia, the recent pension reform did not change the lives of citizens. Most pensioners living in Russia cannot pay for housing and communal services and food. The standard of living of Russian pensioners is significantly lower than in Europe.
Pension systems are divided into the following types:
- solidary;
- accumulative;
- government;
- non-state;
- insurance.
European countries use several systems at the same time. Pensioners can participate not only in one, but for this you need to take into account the length of service, the amount of wages, the number of employers, the total family income and other features.
Every European, being of working age, tries to fulfill all the conditions for a decent benefit in the future. In addition, many people participate in corporate programs, create personal savings, and invest in insurance companies.
Finance income Russian citizens in 2019, they do not allow them to independently provide for old age, and state pensions leave much to be desired. The size of pensions in the EU is much higher.
Let us consider the differences between pension systems in the table.
| General characteristics of the pension system | Average life expectancy of citizens | Disadvantages of the pension system | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | PS of Russia consists of two subsystems - budgetary and insurance. The sources of their filling differ: the insurance fund is financed from the pension fund, where employees make contributions during their labor activity, and the budget is financed by the state. These systems can be intertwined, and the budget is added to the insurance payment. The average pension is 13,000 rubles. | Men: 65 Women: 75 | The pension is paid not only to pensioners, but also to working citizens along with their salaries. Payments are made even to those who have no work experience, the only difference is in the amount. Life expectancy in retirement is low and benefits are low. |
| Germany | Germany calculates the pension according to a formula that includes the amount of points that a person earned during the working period. If a resident of Germany has worked for 40 years and received an average or above average salary, then he is credited with 1 point every year. 1 point equals € 27.47. Calculating using the formula, we get 1236.15 euros per month. | Men: 75 Women: 85 | Retirement at 67. Employees pay benefits to current retirees. The higher the contributions to the Pension Fund, the greater the pension. |
| Sweden | Pension in Sweden consists of three parts - conditional funded, funded and guaranteed (mandatory minimum). The first is formed by contributions of the working population in the amount of 16% of wages. This money turns into liabilities and is subject to indexation. Accumulative part also forms the employee from his salary. The money is accumulated in a personal account, it is allowed to invest it. A pensioner can receive several pensions at once. The state pays the obligatory minimum to pensioners from the budget. The size of the pension is about 70% of the salary. | Men: 79 Women: 83 | Investment activity is limited. |
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Parameters that determine the size of the pension
In each European country there are different parameters that determine the amount of the pension. There are several main indicators:
- average salary per year;
- seniority;
- indexing;
- position held;
- the specifics of the profession (military personnel, doctors, researchers, civil servants);
- living wage;
- the presence of a disability;
- other benefits.
Retirement age and life expectancy of retirees
Working citizens are the main source of budget replenishment. The well-being and standard of living of pensioners depends on their income. To change the situation for the better, states are heading for an increase in the retirement age. These measures will stabilize the situation and create comfortable conditions life of the elderly population.
In Europe, working retirees are not uncommon, because many people are energetic and active enough to continue working. At the same time, employers value employees with experience and in every possible way welcome able-bodied retirees.
The retirement age in Europe is 65-67 years.
For those citizens who work longer, additional privileges, benefits and an increase in the level of payments are provided.
The life expectancy of pensioners in the EU countries is quite high. For example, in Germany it is 80 years, in France - 81 years, in Norway - 90 years, in Great Britain - 79 years.
After retirement, EU residents lead an active lifestyle, travel, play sports, ensuring good health and excellent well-being.
The level of medicine in the EU countries is one of the highest in the world. For European retirees, services in modern clinics are absolutely free, which contributes to an increase in life expectancy.
Having the necessary work experience, the pensioner will receive decent payments and will be able to have a high level of well-being.
Conclusion
The governments of the EU countries are constantly improving the pension system, trying to ensure a high standard of living for pensioners. The longer a person works, the more pay he can expect.
The European Union is setting an example for other countries - Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. As practice shows, residents in other countries can use the experience of Europeans and make savings on their own, which will increase the size of their pension by 20-40%. It remains for the governments to create favorable conditions for this, relying on the practice of their western neighbors.
What are the pensions in Europe, USA, Canada? Facts from Ted! : Video
A citizen of any country in the world, having reached a certain age threshold, has the right to count on the state to take care of him by accruing pension benefits, which in most democratic countries have long been considered an inalienable right of every person. The size of the pension in different countries depends on many factors, including:
In addition, the retirement age for men and women depends on pension legislation the state.
If we talk about Russia, at present, by age, women retire at 55 and men at 60. However, as of 2019, as a result of the pension reform, the retirement age is now 60 and 65, respectively.
- Disability.
- Due to the loss of the breadwinner.
- Based on the length of service.
- For special distinction before the state.
The pension in Russia can be as follows:
- insurance;
- social;
- cumulative.
An insurance pension is awarded, as a rule, for old age, in the presence of a disability or in the event of the loss of a breadwinner for any reason. Those citizens who cannot confirm their work experience, as well as their family members, can count on a social pension.
Citizens of the Russian Federation who were born not earlier than 1967 have the right to open a personal account to accumulate pension contributions during their seniority. Subsequently, the size of the so-called funded pension will depend on the amount of savings. In 2020, the following average pension sizes have been established in Russia:
- Insurance - 15 495 rubles.
- For disability - 14,593 rubles.
- Social - 5 180 rubles.
- For disabled people and war veterans - 46,000 rubles.
Germany
The level of development of the state depends, among other things, on the attitude towards pensioners. An example is the German pension system. A state with one of the most powerful economies in the world provides its citizens who have reached retirement age with all the conditions for a dignified life. 
The pension threshold established in the country is the same for men and women and is equal to 67 years. Despite this, citizens of the country can retire without waiting for such an age: this is possible in the case when the pensioner pays a certain amount from personal savings necessary to compensate for the funds lost by the pension fund (about 0.3% of the available savings for each unfinished month).
It would be logical to assume that everything is in order with the size of the pension in Germany. On average, women in Germany receive 630 euros and men - 1080. The average pension is 770 euros.
It should be said that, despite the reunification of the two Germany, which happened after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the difference in the development of the east and west of the country exists to this day.
Working at one of the German enterprises, a citizen of the country during his work experience deducts about 20% of his earnings in the PF. In this case, half of the amount of deductions is charged directly from the employee, the other half is paid by the employer.
Every German has the opportunity to resort to the services of one of the insurance companies in order to independently determine the amount of pension payments and accumulation pension amount.
To count on insurance pension, a German citizen must work at one of the country's enterprises for at least 5 years. If certain conditions are met, a pension in Germany can also be accrued to foreigners.
United States of America
In the United States, men retire at 67, women at 65 and receive an average of $ 1503 per month. One of the features of the American pension system is the ability to accumulate the required retirement amount after having worked in one of the companies in the country for 10 years. Many citizens manage to collect savings for two or even three pensions during their working life. 
If an American wishes to retire early due date, for example, at 62 years of age (early retirement age in the States), then he will have to submit a request with an indication of the reasons that prompted him to take this step. At the same time, an early retiree should be prepared for the fact that the size of the pension will be 70% of the amount that he would receive if he retired at 67 years old, and there will be no possibility to reach 100% in the future.
Working in any enterprise, an American, as a rule, in addition to contributions to the state pension fund, has the opportunity to accumulate savings for future retirement in an additional PF, which is available in most large companies and corporations.
The amount of contributions to the state fund is about 15% of the salary, half of which is paid by the employee himself, and the other half - by the enterprise. After reaching retirement age, about 30% of American citizens continue to work.
Great Britain
It is believed among experts that pension system Great Britain is close to perfect. As in most other countries, pension payments in the kingdom can be public, private, or appointed by seniority. Men go on a well-deserved rest at the age of 65, women - at the age of 60–65. If a British retiree continues to work after reaching this age, there is a pension supplement for each year worked.
On average, a British citizen earns £ 125 per week. 
In order to be eligible for a basic pension, a citizen of the kingdom must have worked in the country for at least 10 years: at the same time, each year worked increases the size of the future pension by 4.44 pounds sterling per week. Thus, the minimum basic pension will be 44.4 pounds per week.
If the Briton chose to accumulate the pension amount in one of the private financial institutions, he can independently determine the amount of payments, no restrictions are set.
Employees, as a rule, contribute 5–8% of their earnings to such accumulative funds: in accordance with latest changes in the legislation, now, if necessary, you can withdraw a fourth of the amount accumulated in this way, without paying taxes.
Some Englishmen are taking such a step, for example, in order to improve their living conditions.
More than substantial supplements to pensions are provided in the UK for WWII veterans: depending on military rank or the severity of the injuries received, such a pensioner can receive, in terms of Russian currency, from 150 to 650 thousand rubles per month.
Of course, in the presence of such passive income, a British pensioner may well devote the fall of his life to travel, all kinds of hobbies, the implementation of projects for which there was not enough time in his youth.
China
Perhaps, main feature China's pension system can be considered a lack of payments to agricultural workers. This situation is familiar to Soviet citizens: until the 60s of the last century, collective farmers in the USSR were not officially paid pensions, a small allowance was paid by the collective farm or state farm. Managers, civil servants and industrial workers can count on pension payments in the PRC.
For Chinese men, the retirement age is 60, for women managers - at 55, for the rest of the fairer sex - at 50.
In general, despite the unprecedented economic growth that China has demonstrated over the past three decades, most of the issues related to the provision of pensions for its citizens remain unresolved. Today, with the naked eye, you can see how China's positions in most of the world rankings, reflecting the general state of the economy, do not fit in with the size of the pensions of the citizens of the Celestial Empire.
average value pensions in China today are about 150-200 USD.
Throughout the working life, a Chinese worker deducts 11% of his salary to the state pension fund: 4% is collected automatically when wages are calculated, and 7% is paid by the employer. The size of the pension is about 20% of the average salary. To earn the right to receive the so-called basic pension, you must have worked in a state-owned enterprise for 15 years or more.
One of the explanations for such a low level of pensions in China can be considered the presence of a large number of citizens who are over 65 years old.
This situation is the result of the fertility restrictions that existed until recently. The Chinese nation is now recognized as aging: the number of pensioners in the country exceeds the total population in Russia. Economists say that about 40% of the country's budget is spent on pension payments.
Japan
The average size of the Japanese pension, which today is about 1,700 USD, allows the retirees of the Land of the Rising Sun not to experience financial difficulties and feel quite comfortable. This money is quite enough for food and utility bills, and there is also left for leisure activities, which, however, at this age is quite moderate in terms of costs. 
A Japanese can go on a well-deserved rest at the age of 65, this applies to both men and women. However, if a citizen of the country expresses a desire to retire earlier, the laws of the state allow him to do this: you can stop active labor activity at 60, but the size of the pension will decrease by 25%.
If the Japanese continues to work after the onset of retirement age, each year worked adds a certain amount to pension payments, and by the age of 70, the pension may increase by a quarter.
According to statistics, the Japanese are the longest-lived nation in the world. The number of citizens who have crossed the century-old milestone exceeds 60 thousand people, the average life expectancy is 84 years.
Experts believe that it helps the Japanese to achieve such years proper nutrition: the diet of the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun is dominated by rice, soybeans, seafood. In addition, in retirement, the Japanese continues to lead an extremely active lifestyle. Japanese retirees can be seen all over the world as restless tourists.
The overwhelming majority of Japanese old people do the so-called morning exercises“On the radio”, walking Japanese people of age tend to prefer moving by car. In addition, the country has a health care system recognized by many specialists as the best in the world. After 60 years, every Japanese person regularly undergoes medical examination, keeping his finger on the pulse literally and figuratively.
Denmark
Considering the topic of pension provision for citizens in different countries of the world, one cannot fail to mention Denmark - the country with the highest pension in the world today. On average, a Danish pensioner receives US $ 2,800 monthly, and this is no joke. Russian pensioner it can be difficult to understand how this is possible.
The average life expectancy in Denmark today is 80 years, while Danes retire at 65–67 years. 
The priority direction of the state policy today is to create the most favorable conditions for the life of people of retirement age, so many people call Denmark a paradise for pensioners. Often, a pensioner in a country feels better off than a working person.
Besides more than decent state pension, Danes often have savings in NPFs, as a result of which the pensioner's income may be even higher. Such a strategy of the state is aimed, among other things, at ensuring that the pensioner remains independent and capable for as long as possible, since the maintenance of persons old age in nursing homes is carried out at the expense of public funds.
In order to provide additional support to the country's pensioners, a branch of the DanAge public organization has been established in each Danish municipality.
France
As in most EU countries, French retirees retire at 65 (women) or 67 (men). The French live on average about 80 years, and the average size pensions in the country - about 1400 euros.
The French pension system is part of the general social insurance system, which is recognized by experts as one of the most complex and multifaceted in the world. Back side some intricacy pension rules is the ability to protect yourself from the most unexpected situations and provide for the most favorable way to receive pension payments.
In other words, a French pensioner can expect to receive an individual pension based on his circumstances. At the same time, not a single nuance related to the size of pension payments will be overlooked (for example, disability received at the workplace, work in harmful conditions etc.).
According to the laws of the country, an employee applying for maximum size pension, must have worked in enterprises in France for 40 years or more. Subsequently, the 25 highest paid years out of these forty will be taken into account when determining the size of the pension. In addition to the basic one, in France there is a so-called funded pension, charged in a special way using a special point system.
As a result, the retired Frenchman receives monthly payments in the amount of half the salary plus a certain amount from insurance savings.
If a citizen of a country has worked in his life, for example, 41.5 years (or 166 quarters), he can claim 100% pension payments. Each quarter that has not been completed before this deadline reduces the amount of payments by 1.25%. It should be borne in mind that if the work experience was interrupted due to unemployment or pregnancy (up to six months), then this time is taken into account when calculating the pension.
07.06.2018 12:50
Moscow, June 7 - "Vesti.Ekonomika". Recently, discussions on the topic of retirement age have been going on faster in our country. In this discussion, both politicians and ordinary citizens speak out.
The government is proposing to raise the retirement age, while ordinary citizens have their own arguments against.
Below we will tell you about the situation with the retirement age in different countries of the world.
In particular, we will provide examples of countries with the highest and lowest retirement ages.
5 countries with the lowest retirement age
In Japan, the retirement age was raised in 1998 from 55 to 60, and has always increased since then.
At the moment, the retirement age in the country is 62.7.
However, the retirement age is expected to rise to 65 for both men and women by 2025.
Japan is currently the oldest citizen in the world.
In general, the Japanese tend to stay in the country after retirement in order to be closer to their families.
However, some Japanese retire after retirement to Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia.
The current retirement age in India is 60 years. In the private sector, not so long ago, it grew from 58 to 60 years.
Despite the increase in the retirement age, experts note that many older people continue to work after retirement.
This is due to the fact that in many regions of the country there is a high degree of poverty, as well as to obligations to the family.
Therefore, in fact, the retirement age has not changed much since the increase in the official retirement age.
Most of the retired Indians remain in the country. And those who have left for the contact line, as a rule, send remittances to their families.
Russia is also among the countries with the lowest retirement age.
At the moment it is 55 for women and 60 for men. The average is 57.5.
Same retirement ages in Senegal, Mozambique and Madagascar.
If we report about our country, it is planned to raise the retirement age to 65 for men and 63 for women.
This innovation has caused a flurry of criticism and outrage from those who are about to retire.
It is noted that part of the population leaves Russia for other countries, and not only after retirement, but also before it.
Thus, they drop out of the pension benefit system.
China also has a very low age - an average of 56.25.
Experts note that currently 15% of China's population has reached the retirement age and above.
Therefore, there are rumors about raising the retirement age in the country.
This measure will also help to cope with the negative effects of the imbalance in the country's labor population.
The Chinese government plans to gradually raise the retirement age by several months a year to cope with the effects of an aging population.
Some Chinese people invest in real estate outside the country for both themselves and their parents, particularly in the US, UK, Canada and Australia.
Those who are UAE citizens retire at the age of 49.
At the same time, foreigners working in the country must work up to 60 years.
At the same time, the country's authorities are doing everything to ensure that expats working in the UAE do not remain in the country after retirement.
There are a number of measures that prevent this from happening.
5 countries with the highest retirement age
5. Australia
In Australia, the retirement age is 65 years. The retirement age is the same in Belgium.
However, Australia raised the retirement age to 67 for those born after 1957.
And those who still work plan to retire later.
If Australians decide to leave the country after retirement, then they mostly go to Italy, Greece or New Zealand.
4. Netherlands
The retirement age in the Netherlands is 65.75.
The country is on its way to becoming the country with the highest retirement age in Europe.
However, countries such as Finland (65.25), France (65.3), Germany and Spain (65.4) also fall into the interval between 65 and 66 years.
Not only in the USA, but also in countries such as Italy, Denmark, Ireland, the official retirement age is 66 years. And in Portugal it reaches 66.25.
At the same time, in fact, in the United States, the retirement age is 63 years. Retirement age in the United States has increased since the 1990s.
Nevertheless, citizens aged 65 and over switch to part-time employment.
If retirees leave the United States for other countries after retirement, then countries such as Canada, Japan, Mexico, Germany and the United Kingdom are becoming popular destinations.
2. Iceland
The retirement age in Iceland is 67 years, but in fact, men in this country retire a little later - an average of 68.5 years.
There are measures in the country that prevent early retirement, and, on the contrary, there are measures to support those who retire later.
Thus, the country's authorities are encouraging society to work longer.
1. Norway
The retirement age in Norway averages 67.75 years. Norway has the highest retirement age in Europe.
At the same time, in fact, people retire in different ways - from 62 to 75 years, if they have pension savings that depend on wages.
At the age of 67, pensioners begin to receive a national pension.
67 is the official retirement age since the 1970s.
At the same time, there is a rather flexible system for retirement for retirees, since older people have the right to retire earlier if they have retirement savings from pension deductions from their salaries.
However, research and polls show that Norwegians plan to retire as late as possible.
So, for example, in 2003 the majority of Norwegians retired at 61 years old. In 2013, this age increased to 64 years.
On July 19, the State Duma adopted in the first reading a government bill on pension reform, which would raise the retirement age by five years for men and eight years for women. Kommersant has collected data on how many elderly people are in the world, how the retirement age was raised in other countries and where it is better to spend old age.
Demographic tear
According to the World Bank, life expectancy at birth increased from 52 years in 1960 to 72 years in 2016 (latest available data). The proportion of the elderly population (65 years of age and above) increased over the same period from 5% to 8.7%. In 2017, 654.6 million people of retirement age lived in the world.
The largest share of retirees is in high-income countries (17.4%), where overall life expectancy is higher. In OECD countries, the average number of years lived after retirement between the 1970s and 2010s increased from 11 to 18 years for men and from 15 to 22 years for women.
Pension bar
The current retirement age in Russia (60 years for men and 55 years for women) was established in 1928. For comparison, in OECD countries average age retirement in 2016 was 64.3 years for men and 63.7 years for women.
In many countries, the retirement age is being revised upward. So in the OECD as a result pension reforms it will increase on average by 1.5 years for men and 2.1 years for women in the coming decades.
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Work on a well-deserved rest
Employment opportunities in pre-retirement and retirement ages, which have been much talked about in Russia lately, differ significantly from country to country. Employment in the 55–64 age group on average across OECD countries reaches 60%. However, if in Iceland it exceeds 80%, then in Turkey it is only 30%.
In Russia, according to Rosstat data for 2016, the employment rate in the 55–59 age group was 62.7%. In the 60–64 age group this level is already 31.1%, and in the 65–72 age group - 11.5%.
In all seniors age groups by occupation, unskilled workers predominate. Their share reaches a third (31.7%) of all employees 55-59 years old, a quarter (25.2%) for 60-64 years old and a fifth (17.6%) of the group of 65 years and older. The second place among 55-59-year-olds is occupied by operators of production plants and machines, assemblers and drivers (28.4% share). Among 60-64-year-olds - managers (14.3%). In the group 65 and older - specialists top level qualifications (9.4%).
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The structure of the number of employees by occupation group, data for 2017
Source: Rosstat.
Even in wealthy OECD countries, 12.5% of pensioners (65+) live in relative poverty - their income is less than 50% of the average household income in the country. There are especially many poor among the elderly South Korea(46%), Latvia (27%), Australia and Mexico (26% each).
In Russia, according to the Pension Fund, there are no pensioners living below the poverty line at all. The size of even the smallest social pensions in 2017 amounted to 8.8 thousand rubles. This is 4.1% higher than the subsistence minimum for a pensioner. The subsistence minimum itself averaged 8.3 thousand rubles in Russia. (varies by subject).
If we take the comparison used by the OECD with household income, then in Russia in 2017 it was 25.8 thousand rubles. on average per household member. This is twice the average annual old-age insurance pension. unemployed pensioners in 2017 (13.8 thousand rubles).
How much are pensioners
According to the International Labor Organization, 68% of the world's older population is currently provided with an old-age pension. In more than fifty countries, including Russia, over 90% of citizens of the corresponding age receive pension payments.
(government spending on social Security people of retirement age, excluding health care costs,% of GDP)