Head circumference by age in children. Circumference of the head and chest in children (average). Normal head circumference in children under one year old

The size of the head of a newborn and a child under one year old is one of the indicators of health. Measurements of the diameter of the skull are carried out without fail at a monthly preventive appointment by a pediatrician. But not every mother understands what this data means. How to decipher the results of a medical examination, correlate with the WHO standards, how to choose a baby cap, taking into account the girth of the head, is described in detail in our article.

In this article, you will learn

Calculation formulas

To understand that the girth of the child's head is normal, you can use a simple formula:

  • 43 cm - 1.5 cm (for each month of life) for children under 6 months
  • 43 cm + 0.5 cm (for each month of life) after 6 months

Let's give an example. The baby is 4 months old. To calculate the normal head diameter, we subtract 1.5 cm from 43 cm four times:

43-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5 = 37 cm

It turns out the average diameter. If the length of 35–37 cm is fixed on the measuring tape, then the head circumference is normal.

Now let's calculate the average for an 8 month old baby:

43 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 44 cm

Calculation using the formula is approximate. It is better to get a real result with the help of special tables of correspondence of head circumference to age, gender and other anthropometric data.

Size charts

The head circumference of a child under 1 year old by months and up to 5 years old is presented in the tables below. Boys and girls do not develop in the same way, so the indicators are divided by gender.

Head circumference for girls: norms and deviations from birth to 1 year

Age, monthsVery low rate, cmLow rate, cmIndicator below average, cmAverage indicator, cmIndicator above average, cmHigh rate, cmVery high rate, cmAverage chest girth, cm
At the time of birth30,3 31,5 32,7 33,9 35,1 36,2 37,4 35
1 33 34,2 35,4 36,5 37,7 38,9 40,1 35,9
2 34,6 35,8 37 38,3 39,5 40,7 41,9 38,1
3 35,8 37,1 38,3 39,5 40,8 42 43,3 40
4 36,8 38,1 39,3 40,6 41,8 43,1 44,4 41,8
5 37,6 38,9 40,2 41,5 42,7 44 45,3 43,1
6 38,3 39,6 40,9 42,2 43,5 44,8 46,1 44,3
7 38,9 40,2 41,5 42,8 44,1 45,5 46,8 45,1
8 39,4 40,7 42 43,4 44,7 46 47,4 46
9 39,8 41,2 42,5 43,8 45,2 46,5 47,8 46,7
10 40,2 41,5 42,9 44,2 45,6 46,9 48,3 47
11 40,5 41,9 43,2 44,6 45,9 47,3 48,6 47,7
12 40,8 42,2 43,5 44,9 46,3 47,6 49 48

Head circumference for girls from 1 to 5 years

Important! The table can be scrolled left and right:

Age, yearVery low rate, cmLow rate, cmIndicator below average, cmAverage indicator, cmIndicator above average, cmHigh rate, cmVery high rate, cm
1 40,8 42,2 43,5 44,9 46,3 47,6 49 48,3
2 43 44,4 45,8 47,2 48,6 50 51,4 50,2
3 44,3 45,7 47,1 48,5 49,9 51,3 52,7 51,8
4 45,1 46,5 47,9 49,3 50,8 52,2 53,6 53,2
5 45,7 47,1 48,5 49,9 51,3 52,8 54,2 54,8

Head circumference for boys: from birth to 12 months

Important! The table can be scrolled left and right:

Age, monthsVery low rate, cmLow rate, cmIndicator below average, cmAverage indicator, cmIndicator above average, cmHigh rate, cmVery high rate, cmAverage chest girth, cm
The moment of birth30,7 31,9 33,2 34,5 35,7 37 38,3 34,8
1 33,8 34,9 36,1 37,3 38,4 39,6 40,8 36,5
2 35,6 36,8 38 39,1 40,3 41,5 42,6 38,3
3 37 38,1 39,3 40,5 41,7 42,9 44,1 38,4
4 38 39,2 40,4 41,6 42,8 44 45,2 41,4
5 38,9 40,1 41,4 42,6 43,8 45 46,2 42,9
6 39,7 40,9 42,1 43,3 44,6 45,8 47 44,3
7 40,3 41,5 42,7 44 45,2 46,4 47,7 45,5
8 40,8 42 43,3 44,5 45,8 47 48,3 46,4
9 41,2 42,5 43,7 45 46,3 47,5 48,8 47,2
10 41,6 42,9 44,1 45,4 46,7 47,9 49,2 47,9
11 41,9 43,2 44,5 45,8 47 48,3 49,6 48,4
12 42,2 43,5 44,8 46,1 47,4 48,6 49,9 48,7

Head circumference for boys from 1 to 5 years

Important! The table can be scrolled left and right:

Age, yearVery low rate, cmLow rate, cmIndicator below average, cmAverage indicator, cmIndicator above average, cmHigh rate, cmVery high rate, cmaverage chest girth, cm
1 42,2 43,5 44,8 46,1 47,4 48,6 49,9 48,7
2 44,2 45,5 46,9 48,3 49,6 51 52,3 51,4
3 45,2 46,6 48 49,5 50,9 52,3 53,1 52,8
4 45,8 47,3 48,7 50,2 51,7 53,1 53,7 53,8
5 46,3 47,7 49,2 50,7 52,2 53,7 55,2 55,6

It is possible to correlate the measurement data of the head circumference and the norms according to the tables only for children born on time. For premature babies there are other formulas and schemes based on infant weight, date of birth and other individual indicators.

Deviations from norms

It is impossible to diagnose a disease on the basis of a single indicator that has deviated from the generally accepted ones. If the baby has a large or small head, then the pediatrician, neurologist must pay attention to the measurements of the chest circumference, weight, pelvic volume, physique. It is useful to look at the parents' children's medical record. The deviations may have been inherited.

Parents and the doctor should be alarmed in the following situations:

  • The baby has a too large skull, veins protrude on the head, fontanelles are large and convex, the forehead is large, protrudes strongly forward. In this case, the baby may have hydrocephalus. The exact diagnosis must be found out after an ultrasound scan, measurements of fluid in the brain, based on MRI data.
  • The skull is small, underdeveloped. Simultaneously with the minimum head circumference, the baby has neurological disorders, the forehead is low and shallow, the fontanelles closed ahead of time. In this case, the pediatrician suspects microcephaly.

Moms need to know! It is important that the head circumference indicator in a one-year-old baby does not exceed the measurement data. chest... They approach each other at three to four years of age. If a serious discrepancy is found, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

How to measure correctly

It is necessary to measure the head circumference in children under one year old regularly: once a month. They take measurements correctly like this:

  1. Take a centimeter cloth tape (tailor's).
  2. They put a newborn toddler on the table or put a 6-month-old baby on a highchair.
  3. The tape is applied to the back of the head so that it passes over the ears, through the occipital protuberance.
  4. Connect the starting point of the tape (0 cm) and the end point above the brow ridges.
  5. The data obtained is compared with the norms.

To get the correct result, use the following guidelines:

  • Determine the head diameter with the same tape monthly. This will eliminate inaccuracies.
  • Do not put pressure on the baby's head, especially during infancy. Bones at infant fragile.
  • If the baby cries, dodges, try again a little later.
  • Record measurement results without rounding (exactly to mm).
  • Keep a diary where you will enter the anthropometric data of the baby every month.

Important! The baby's breast is measured at the level of the nipples and the lower angle of the shoulder blades. During the procedure, the baby should be calm. Deep, intermittent breathing, crying will distort the measurement.

How to choose the size of the hat

It is better to choose a hat with your child. So not only the width of the elastic is ideally selected, but also the depth of the cap. If you have to determine without a baby or a cap is bought as a gift, use the age indicators from the table. But it is worth considering their average. The algorithm of actions in the store is as follows:

  1. Pay attention to the markings for the size of the headgear. Labels in Russia are easy to read. The size of the hat corresponds to the diameter of the baby's head. For example, at 2 years old, the average girth is 48–49 cm. This means that you need to buy a cap size 48 for your baby.
  2. Manufacturers of domestic hats sew hats for children step by step dimensional grid, deviating from the previous one by 1 cm. That is, the 35th size - the diameter of the head is 35 cm, 36 cm, 37 cm and so on. It is almost impossible to make a mistake with the choice.
  3. In rare cases, baby caps are sewn according to the size grid in increments of 2 cm. In this case, choose a larger size, especially if the hat is made of dense, non-stretch fabric.
  4. If a double size is indicated on a knitted or fabric product: 35-36, then the material stretches well. The cap is suitable for several ages, head sizes.
  5. It is more difficult to choose hats for winter. It is necessary to carefully approach the height of the forehead, the depth of the headdress. It is better to take such products home to try on or bring a baby to the store.
  6. Lightweight bonnets, headscarves, crocheted spring beanies are sold with double markers on the labels through the shot. For example, 40/68. The first number indicates the diameter of the head, the second indicates the height of the child. The choice is based on the individual characteristics of the baby. If the toddler is tall, then look at the first indicator, if the average height, then consider both.
  7. It is not worth believing the labels indicating only the child's age. Babies can grow according to an individual plan, they are born with heads of different sizes. In six months, a year, the ratio of volumes can vary up to 4 cm.

Note to grandmothers and home craftswomen! It is imperative to knit a hat with knitting needles for children according to a recently taken measurement. Get the latest data from your parents. If sewing a handmade gift will take more than a month, feel free to add another 2-3 cm to the length and width.

What to do if foreign marking is indicated

Foreign manufacturers are guided by their own measurements when printing labels on hats. To understand them correctly, buy a cap, a bandage just right, you need to transfer the sizes of hats from America, Europe to Russians. Use the table (Important! It can be scrolled to the right and left):

Manufacturer / Baby Head DiameterUSAFranceEnglandMarking in Latin letters
47 5 7/8 0 5 -
49 6 1/8 1 6 S / M
51 6 2 6 1/4 XXS
53 6 5/8 3 6 1/2 XS
55 7 4 6 3/4 S
57 8 5 7 M

With an increase in interest in clothing and hats from Western manufacturers, Russians have an increase in the number of double-labeled hats. Foreign marketers write on the labels the sizes for buyers in Western countries, Europe and the Russian version, that is, the diameter of the child's head in cm. The comparative table is used less often.

The subtleties of choosing a hat for a child

If you trust the baby's growth rate, use the universal table for baby hats for the height of the baby.

Cap size for baby's height

Height, cmSize = head circumference
50 35
53 36
54 - 61 39
62 - 67 42
68 - 73 44
74 - 85 46 - 47
86 - 91 48
92 - 98 49
98 - 103 50
104 - 109 51

Important! Please note that the age at this case has a minimum value.

When buying a hat online or in a regular supermarket without accurate data on the volume of the child's head, follow these guidelines:

  • Think about the last size walking helmet you bought. Decide how much time has passed since this moment. Calculate how the baby's head has grown over these months. From birth to one year, the baby's head grows by 2 cm per month, from 3 months to 12 months - by 1 cm every four weeks. Now you can determine the size of the cap, scarf.
  • When buying online, ask the seller to send a photo that matches the size of the headgear to the circumference of the children's skull. Measure the head carefully, then choose the model.
  • If you made a mistake with the size and bought a tight hat, do not wear it, especially in summer. A narrow elastic band will squeeze the head, disrupt the blood flow, which will negatively affect the somatic state of the child and health in general.
  • Leave a hat that is too loose for the next season. V winter period a spacious hat opens the baby's ears, and in summer it will not hide the forehead from the sun and rain.

The head circumference for babies under 5 years old, given in the tables, is the average. You should not panic and be afraid when you find minor deviations. Ask an exciting question to the pediatrician, undergo an additional examination to calm the nervous system and provide insurance.

But in most cases, the volume, proportionality of the body returns to normal by 1-2 years without the intervention of doctors, if the child does not have other symptoms of neurological and physiological disorders.

IMPORTANT! * when copying the materials of the article, be sure to indicate the active link to the first

Head circumference, together with the volume of the chest, height and weight of the baby are important indicators of his harmonious development and normal growth. A deviation from the norm in these parameters is a sign of diseases or dysfunctions of certain organs, a serious cause for concern for parents. On examination, pediatricians are also guided by the size of the child's head by age.

How to measure

The average head sizes of children by age are collected in the form of a table developed by international health organizations based on analytical data.

Before focusing on the presented values, you need to make sure that the measurement of the baby's skull circumference is carried out correctly. For this you need:

  1. Use a tailor's tape measure - it is soft and does not scare the baby.
  2. Measure along the frontal and occipital tubercles (elevations) of the skull, starting from the area above the eyebrows, then along the circumference.
  3. Measure the baby's head in the horizontal position of the baby, when he is calm and does not turn.

First, you need to measure and record the numbers obtained on a monthly basis, and starting from the age of one, you can take measurements less often.

The lag in values, as well as the lead in this parameter, indicates pathologies caused by:

  • hydrocephalus (accumulation of intracerebral fluid in the ventricles - the head is disproportionately larger than the chest);
  • microcephaly (a very small skull, which inhibits the development of the organs of the central nervous system, leads to a delay in mental and physical development).

For the final diagnosis, a pediatric pediatrician or neuropathologist prescribes magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which helps to identify edema in the tissues or the presence of hemorrhages, impaired outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

Matching the size of the head to the age of the child

Immediately after birth, the volume of a newborn's skull usually ranges from 33 to 36 cm. The range of indicators is influenced by:

  • genetic predisposition;
  • individual characteristics of the organism;
  • the gender of the baby (for boys, the circumference is always larger than for girls);
  • time of birth (in premature babies, the parameters are less).

At first, the girth of the head grows rapidly, changing every 30–35 days by 2.4–2.5 cm, and by 3–4 months it coincides with the volume of the chest. In the future, growth slows down, and the size of the head is no longer equal to the size of the chest, much less does not exceed it.

A six-month-old baby normally has a skull circumference equal to 43 cm, and a one-year-old baby - 47, since the growth of the parameter from 5 months does not go beyond 1.5 cm.At this time, the bones converge in the skull, by the age of one and a half the fontanel is completely overgrown.

Skull volume in boys and girls

When measuring the size of a child's head by age, the table for boys serves as a guideline for compliance with the norm of indicators in fact. The average ratio of age and cranial circumference in centimeters is shown below.

Boy's age
baby 34,5
1 month 37,4
2 months 39,1
3 months 40,5
4 months 41,6
5 months 42,6
6 months 43,4
7 months 44,0
8 months 44,5
9 months 45,1
10 months 45,4
11 months 45,8
1 year 46,1
2 years 48,3
3 years 49,5
4 years 50,2
5 years 50,7

At the same time, the difference between the smallest and largest possible indicators in boys reaches 8-9 cm. During the first 5 years of life, the circumference of the male skull increases by 15-16 cm and the annual growth after 4-5 years is 0.3-0.5 mm.

In girls, the diameter of the head is initially smaller than in boys, due to physiological characteristics. The size of the child's head by age - a table for girls - is presented below.

Girl's age Average indicators of the circumference of the skull, cm
baby 33,9
1 month 36,5
2 months 38,3
3 months 39,5
4 months 40,6
5 months 41,5
6 months 42,2
7 months 42,8
8 months 43,4
9 months 43,8
10 months 44,2
11 months 44,6
1 year 44,9
2 years 47,2
3 years 48,5
4 years 49,3
5 years 49,9

From the moment of birth to 5 years, the girl's skull increases as well as the male by 15-16 cm, but the monthly and then the annual increase in diameter per millimeters is still less than that of boys.

It is useful to know the indicators of the circumference of the skull not only for medical reasons, but also for purely everyday needs, for example, when choosing a headdress for a crumbs. If it is not possible to try on a hat, panama hat or cap, then the appropriate size is selected based on the age of the child.

The main parameters are collected in the table of correspondence between the age and size of the headdress (for the countries of the post-Soviet space: in England, inches are used for measurement, in international designations - letters).

Age Size (Russian)
newborn 35
From 1 to 3 months 36
From 3 to 5 months 39
Half a year 42
7 to 1 year old 44
From 1 year to 1.5 years 46
2 g 48
3 g. 49
4 g 50
5 l. 51
6 l. 52
7 p. 53
8 l. 54
9 p. 55
10 l. 56

When knitting a hat for a baby, in addition to the head circumference, you will also need to measure the distance across the crown from the left ear to the right to calculate the depth of the headdress. For a newborn, this parameter is 12-14 cm, for a child from 3 to six months - 15-16 cm, for a one-year-old baby - 17 cm.

If the hat is knitted in a circle, starting from the crown, then you need to calculate the diameter of the bottom, which is calculated by the formula: divide the head circumference by 3.14. For babies, the base of the headgear is a circle with a radius of 6–7 cm, and for a baby at 2 years old, it is already 17–18 cm in diameter.

Measuring the circumference of the child's skull is an opportunity to make sure that the development of the baby is going according to standards and norms, without deviations. Regular manipulation adds peace of mind to parents about their child's health. If the indicators differ from the average, then contacting doctors on time will reliably and with a high probability of success eliminate the pathologies of child development.

When a baby is born, every month he is observed by specialists who record his height, weight, and head. All these indicators are recorded by a pediatrician and compared with existing standards. the child by months must meet certain standards. According to accepted standards, the child's head should grow by 10 centimeters in a year.

If the child achieves such a result, it will be possible to say for sure that he is developing normally. This kind of observation is carried out only up to a year, since the rapid development of body volumes slows down by a year. Such an indicator, as for months, becomes irrelevant by two or three years.

Head size and shape

At birth and normal development all babies have almost the same head volume. The only thing that can distinguish them is the shape of the head, which was acquired by the child in the process; newborns can have the following shape of the skull:

  • elongated, oval, vaguely reminiscent of a tower;
  • more rounded, with characteristic bumps at the forehead.

Both head shapes are normal. At birth, the baby has very fragile bones, so during childbirth under pressure, the head is slightly deformed. A few months after birth, she takes on normal forms.

What are the differences in head size between girls and boys

At birth, boys and girls have almost the same head volumes. On average, this figure is 34-35 centimeters. This head circumference is typical for all babies born at term. But with each month of development, boys have a bigger head.

Size changes in the first months

A baby (1 month old) has a head size one and a half more than in the first days after birth. This is considered normal.In general, no specialist can say that a child's head should be exactly that many centimeters, since every child grows and develops according to its individual indicators.

There are situations when deviations from the norm in the development of the child's head circumference are his individual feature... After all, each organism is unique. Therefore, in a year there may be such months when the crumb grows up a little less or more than the norm suggests. You should not worry about this. The doctor, before talking about a possible deviation from the standard indicators, will first observe for several months.

Therefore, any table with the norms of head circumference is just a guideline that doctors adhere to, but they can only say for sure that the baby has a head that is too big or too small, only after appropriate observation. Since if the deviation parameters exceed 2-3 centimeters, then this is already a reason to react in time.

How does a child's head circumference change?

According to generally accepted standards, the size of the child's head by months should increase to one and a half centimeters. This intense growth slows down to six months. When a child turns six months old, the doctor with every month, with normal development, observes an increase in head circumference by already half a centimeter. By the year the growth slows down significantly, and the doctor will observe the changes only once a year.

It does not stop, it is periodically examined by a pediatrician, but only once a year, since there will be no such hyper-jump as before in the parameters. But if the parents are very worried about the child and his development, then they can always make all the necessary measurements on their own.

Table with the norms of growth and development

Now, thanks to modern advances, if desired, any parent can independently control everything. age norms... If mom and dad once again want to make sure that the baby is growing as expected, then every month before visiting the doctor they can take measurements themselves. Many experts also recommend that parents observe the development of their child.

For convenience and comparison of the parameters of a particular child with standard indicators, a table was created. It indicates the size of the baby's head by month. The table is quite simple and easy to use.

Age, monthsHead volume, cm
GirlsBoys
1 36,6 37,3
2 38,4 39,2
3 40 40,9
4 41 41,9
5 42 43,2
6 43 44,2
7 44 44,8
8 44,3 45,4
9 45,3 46,3
10 46,6 46,3
11 46,6 46,9
12 47 47,2

To take measurements, you will need a special soft tape with markings in centimeters. To measure the baby's head is across the eyebrow line, passing the tape to the occipital region.

But if a parent is worried about whether his baby is growing correctly, he should first of all consult with a pediatrician. If deviations are detected, only he will be able to detect the cause of the abnormal development and prescribe the necessary treatment.

What you should pay attention to

The control months are considered to be the third and sixth. The size of the baby's head (3 months old) will increase by an average of 6-8 centimeters compared to the original circumference. For example: the average head circumference of a three month old baby is 40 centimeters. Moreover, the boy's circumference may be 1-2 centimeters larger than the girl's.

The head size of a 5 month old baby will increase by another 1-2 centimeters. For boys, this will be about 41.5 centimeters, and for girls, 41 centimeters.

Head growth is a very important indicator, as the brain and nervous system are being formed. Therefore, you should remember or write down the parameters of the newborn, so that later on from them you can build on them during observation.

To avoid various deviations, doctors advise each mother to adhere to the regime: take walks on the street every day, breastfeed and create a friendly environment. The child should feel safe, surrounded by love.

Of course, any changes in height or deviations from the generally accepted tables, which indicate the size of the baby's head by month, are cause for concern. But don't panic right away. First of all, the specialist observing the child will be convinced of this, then special tests and analyzes will be carried out, and only after that it is possible to talk about violations.

Immediately after giving birth, especially if they were the first, mom is surprised at how the baby's head looks - disproportionately large, slightly elongated upward. As the baby grows and develops, the parents may be concerned about the size of the fontanelle, the rate of its overgrowth. So that nothing distracts from the joy of motherhood and fatherhood, it is necessary, long before the birth of a baby, to learn about all the nuances of its development, including the principles of skull formation, possible deviations from the norm and the dangers to which they entail.

Newborn head shape and size

The skull of a newborn before delivery and for some time afterwards is fastened, practically, only by the skin membrane. And this is not a pathology, but a kind of trick of nature - thus it facilitated the baby's process of passing through the birth canal. If a baby is born naturally rather than during caesarean section, then the shape of its head can be both round and oval, slightly elongated upward, flattened, ovoid. Do not be alarmed if the newborn's head is not symmetrical or has a characteristic postpartum edema.

Another feature is the size of the newborn's head. The head is disproportionate to the body, its girth is greater than the girth of the chest, at least 2 cm. Such indicators are the norm, and deviations are called hydrocephalus and microcephalus. Both should be the reason for a detailed examination of the baby, for a number of diagnostic measures.

Why hydrocephalus is dangerous

Too much big sizes A newborn's head (hydrocephalus) may indicate a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull. In the first months of life, this does not entail any danger, since most babies up to 3 months of age experience its outflow through special channels. After being examined by a doctor of narrow specialization, the child is prescribed therapy, and the problem is easily solved, without having time to develop into a serious pathology.

What is myrcocephaly

Microcephaly is the most dangerous for a newborn. A small head is a sign of her underdevelopment, which can affect the formation of the brain long before birth. The reason for this pathology is the mother's alcoholism or drug addiction, intrauterine infections, birth trauma, hormonal diseases.

What is fontanelle

The fontanelle is a non-ossified part of the skull in a newborn, protected by connective elastic tissue. It is needed so that the baby's skull during childbirth can adjust to the shape of the mother's small pelvis and the birth canal. There are six fontanelles on the head of a newborn, but only one, the largest of them, can be observed. It is located on the top of the baby's head and is completely overgrown by bone tissue only by 12 months. Its main functions are:

Facilitating the process of childbirth,

Providing optimal space for brain development,

Regulation of heat exchange, cooling of the brain during the period of increasing body temperature,

· Depreciation in the event of a fall.

It is very easy to find the largest fontanelle, diamond-shaped, measuring about 2 by 2 cm, on the baby's head - it is located in the middle of its parietal part. Another fontanelle that can be felt is located at the back of the head, and its size does not exceed 0.5 cm.

During that period, until the fontanelle is overgrown, it is necessary to monitor how it looks. If the fontanelle protrudes too much above the surface of the skull or is too fused, this may be a signal of problems in the development of the child. The fontanel can sink in against the background of dehydration, provoked by diarrhea, high temperature... Having noticed this, you need to provide plenty of drink and call a doctor. If the fontanelle bulges, and this is accompanied by changes in the baby's behavior, high fever, vomiting, convulsions, if the bulging is observed for a long time, it is necessary to urgently deliver the baby to a medical institution.

How to care for a fontanelle

Head shape, size and general development the baby in the first year of his life is directly related to the fontanel. Medicine does not put forward special rules for caring for him. The most important thing is to ensure safety, to eliminate the risk of injury to the newborn's head in the area of ​​the large and small fontanelles.

In order for the child's head to form correctly, it is necessary to put the baby periodically on the back, one and the other barrel. This measure will not allow parts of the skull to move to one side and will provide minimal stress on the fontanelle. In addition, there are several rules for caring for the fontanel:

When combing, do not touch the teeth of the comb,

Wash the baby's head with neutral means and very carefully,

After bathing, dry your head with blotting movements,

Never put pressure on the fontanel,

There should be no seams on the caps in the fontanel area,

Before removal, soften the parietal crusts with baby oil or cream,

· Do not rely only on the pediatrician and independently track the rate of overgrowth of the fontanelle.

The parietal crusts can be distressing to the baby and affect the rate at which the fontanel area ossifies. If they form intensively, represent a dense layer on the baby's head, then you need to lubricate them with cream not only after bathing, but also before it - in 20-30 minutes.

What to do if the fontanel does not overgrow

Not only slow, but too fast bone formation in the fontanel area should be a cause for concern. If the fontanelle does not overgrow, and the baby is already more than a year old, then this may indicate the presence of the following problems:

Development of hydrocephalus,

· metabolic disease,

Bone tissue disease,

Hypothyroidism (violation of the functionality of the thyroid gland).

It is impossible to determine the reasons on your own, and you need a consultation with doctors of narrow specialization - an endocrinologist, a geneticist, a neurologist.

If parents note the rapid overgrowing of the fontanel, this should also serve as a reason to see a doctor. It is not necessary to wait for a scheduled examination, which is carried out monthly in children under one year old, you can come to the clinic and ask for diagnostic measures - to do a blood and urine test, an ultrasound internal organs, MRI of the head, if indicated. This is necessary if, against the background of rapid overgrowing of the fontanel, symptoms appear:

Nervousness,

Bad, short-term sleep,

· lack of appetite,

Low rates of weight gain,

Thinness,

Unstable work of the digestive tract,

Pallor or cyanosis of the skin.

The rapid overgrowth of the fontanelle can be a signal of the development of disorders in the formation of bone tissues - craniosynostosis, microcephaly, which entails abnormalities in the work of the central nervous system and the formation of the brain. Ossification of the skull in the area of ​​the spring is considered early if it occurs at the age of three months from the date of birth. Parents have the right to insist on diagnostics aimed at identifying the listed developmental problems. But to refuse preventive measures, even if there are no other symptoms of violations, is unreasonable.

In no case should you rely on the opinion of grandmothers, girlfriends or neighbors if the shape of the baby's head, the rate of its growth or overgrowth of the fontanelle cause concern for the parents. It is important to realize that folk methods or self-prescription of vitamin-mineral complexes in such cases can be not only useless, but also very dangerous for the baby.

The head circumference of a newborn is one of the main indicators that is checked immediately after birth and then monitored by pediatricians at monthly examinations. The size of the circle, along with other indicators, shows the development process of the baby, there are even tables of norms for the head circumference of the child.

Therefore, today we will take a closer look at this indicator, find out what head circumference should be in newborns, and how it changes during development.

How to calculate the size of the head circumference

The girth or circumference is measured using a measuring tape and it happens as follows:

  • To begin with, the child needs to be laid out on a horizontal surface: on a changing table, sofa or bed;
  • Gently grasp the frontal or superciliary “tubercles” in front with a measuring tape and stretch to the occipital protuberance;
  • The resulting value will be the value of the circle.

The value of the head circumference in different children, but of the same age, may differ: as a rule, girls are born smaller in size than boys, therefore they have a smaller value.

Value tables

In the first 3 months, the newborn's skull increases intensively in size, later, up to a year, it continues to grow more actively, but not as fast as in the first trimester. If at birth the size of a child's head is on average 35 cm, then at three months this figure becomes 40-41 cm, depending on gender.


Just imagine how intensively the baby develops during this period. For comparison, the head circumference of a child at 2 years old is 48-49 cm, and at 4 - 50-51 cm... In order to have a complete picture of this indicator in a child from birth to one year, a table of the values ​​of the newborn's head circumference by month is offered to your attention.


The table shows the average values, so a slight deviation from the norm is often not some kind of pathology. You can also estimate the size difference between girls and boys.

It is important to understand that the data in the table refer to full-term and term-born babies, there are values ​​for premature babies.
Every mommy faces a problem when the question of buying a headdress comes up, and therefore we decided to help you. Now you can familiarize yourself with the table of head circumference values ​​in children for the selection of a hat or other headwear.



Deviations from the norm

It should be said right away that it is possible to analyze the value of the size of the baby's head only in conjunction with its height, weight and chest volume. It is also worth remembering that each child is individual, therefore, the indications given in the table and the actual result may differ slightly. However, if the deviations are significant, this is a reason to go to the doctor, because such indicators may indicate the presence of the following possible diseases.

  • , in which an excess amount of fluid accumulates in the brain. In this case, the child's skull is much larger than normal, the forehead is protruding, the fontanelles are large and convex, and a venous network and neurological abnormalities can be observed.
  • Microcephaly, in which the size, on the contrary, is less than the norm, while the fontanelles can be closed, and the forehead is small. Also, the child may have neurological abnormalities.

These diseases are dangerous because they can lead to mental retardation, and require timely diagnosis and treatment.

Another important point is heredity. If a dad or mom has a peculiar shape of the skull, which does not quite correspond to the norms, but does not lead to pathology, this is an absolute norm if the crumbs also have such a head. So you shouldn't worry here.

All of the above deviations from the norm will necessarily manifest themselves in other inconsistencies, therefore, if the baby is developing normally, but the girth does not quite correspond to the norms, this is a reason not to panic and think that the child is sick, but a reason to go to a consultation with the appropriate specialist in order to dispel all doubts ...

In order to analyze the correct proportional development of the baby, you need to know the ratio of head size and chest girth. In the first year of a child's life, the size of the skull will, as a rule, be about 1 cm larger than the breast, and this is the absolute norm.


In the future, the opposite situation should be observed, that is, the chest circumference will be larger. And this table will help you find out which values ​​are the norm.

How to calculate the girth of the head in children - video

We bring to your attention a short, but quite understandable video, after watching which you will find out by what anthropometric criteria the development of the baby is assessed, you can easily learn how to measure the girth of your baby at home, and you can also familiarize yourself with the table of values ​​for the girth of the head in newborns that correspond a certain age.

In addition to this parameter, parents are often interested in what the —the growth of the child depending on the month— should be, which is also monitored by the pediatrician during the examination, and. You will be able to familiarize yourself with these indicators and their control in detail.

We hope this information was useful to you, and you were able to find answers to all your questions. Write reviews and send comments.