Protein in the urine of pregnant women is an important indicator of health. For this reason, doctors do a fluid test before each physical examination. To get a reliable result, you need to follow a number of rules.

Indicators need to know to monitor kidney function. During pregnancy, they are exposed to increased stress. Timely identification of the problem allows you to quickly fix it.

Correct indicators

The norm of protein in urine during pregnancy is established by specialists. Proteins are not found in a healthy person. Against the background of conception, slight damage to the wall of the uterine cavity occurs. This leads to mild inflammation. Due to the pathological process, an increase in indicators up to 0.003 g / l is allowed. Also, at the end of pregnancy, there is an increase in protein up to 0.004 g / l. Growth occurs due to the approach of labor. The study’s better results are alarming for doctors. The increase in protein occurs under the influence of a variety of diseases. In order to confirm the diagnosis, a second examination should be carried out.

Reasons for the growth of indicators

The gestation process is accompanied by various changes in the body. The growth of indicators occurs for two main groups of reasons:

• physiological;
• pathological.

Physiological reasons include the natural restructuring of the reproductive system after conception. There is a stretching of the walls of the uterus and a change in secretion. Vaginal discharge becomes less abundant and thicker. A small amount of secretion entering the urine leads to an increase in protein. Also, traces of protein in urine during pregnancy appear due to the onset of prolactin activity. The hormone is necessary to prepare the mammary glands for the upcoming lactation. The prolactin build-up causes an increase in protein in the urinary fluid.

Physiological increase is observed with the wrong choice of food. The level of the substance is influenced by milk, cheese, sour cream and kefir. Chicken breast and legumes have the same effect. If a woman is to be analyzed, it is necessary to refuse these products. Failure will allow you to get the correct results.

Pathological causes are more dangerous. The following diseases are distinguished that affect the health of women and the fetus:

• preeclampsia;
• kidney problems;
• inflammatory diseases.

All these diseases pose a danger to women and children. To avoid serious complications, you should be closely monitored by a specialist.

Gestosis state

This pathology is found in 2% of pregnant women. Such a disease is life-threatening for a woman. There is a risk of death of the mother before childbirth. You can determine the ailment by a variety of symptoms. Most of the patients have general complaints.

With gestosis, there is increased fatigue, tinnitus and dizziness. The main symptom of an ailment is an increase in vascular pressure.

There are various causes of preeclampsia. It is impossible to accurately determine the risk of developing pathology. It is believed that the disease often affects women with a genetic predisposition. It also occurs due to improper preparation of vessels for the gestation process.

At normal pregnancy the walls of the vessels gradually expand. This increases blood flow to the uterus and placenta. Gestosis is accompanied by the absence of these properties. The vessels remain in the same state. The increase in blood volume leads to an increase in the pressure in the vessels. The woman has hypertension.

Disease is dangerous for the fetus. An increase in pressure in blood vessels slows down metabolic processes. In the blood, the content of young erythrocytes decreases. Red cells are involved in the delivery of oxygen. The fetus is not getting enough of the substance. This leads to intrauterine hypoxia. The growth of the child enhances pathological condition... The fetus begins to choke in the womb. Both situations are dangerous. A woman may die before childbirth. The baby can die in the womb.

The establishment of pathology occurs in the first trimester. Many doctors recommend terminating such pregnancies to avoid risks. If a woman keeps a child, she needs careful supervision by specialists. A sharp increase in blood pressure can only be prevented in a clinical setting.

Diagnosis of preeclampsia is carried out by several methods. The main test is urine collection. You need to set the amount of protein in it. With gestosis, its amount can reach 0.3 g / l. The state of the vascular system and the placenta is also examined.

Therapy of gestosis is complex. Treatment depends on the extent of the disease.

Characteristics of pathology

There are several stages of the disease:

• early hypertension;
• preeclampsic state;
• eclampsic stage;
• chronic form of hypertension.

The first stage of the disease is characterized by an increase in blood pressure and an increased tone of the uterus. At this stage, the doctor prescribes herbal decoctions that can increase the daily urine output. Thanks to diuretics, excess water is excreted from the body. The patient's condition is stabilizing.

The preeclampsic stage is accompanied by an increase in the protein content up to 0.29 g / l. The number of blood cells remains the same. The attending physician prescribes diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. Vegetable medicines they cannot alleviate the condition. All therapeutic effects are carried out under the strict supervision of specialists.

Eclampsia is a dangerous stage of gestosis. At this stage, an increased platelet count is added to the protein in the urine. These cells can accumulate in the central artery and form a blood clot. To avoid the death of a woman, drugs are prescribed that reduce the concentration of platelets. Thinning agents are used only at the discretion of a physician. Improper use of such substances can cause detachment of a blood clot from the vessel wall and blockage. The thrombus moves through the vessels to the heart muscle. It stops shrinking. This pathology leads to instant death.

The last stage of gestosis requires only inpatient treatment. The woman must be under strict control. Any change in her condition must be accompanied by a thorough examination.

Kidney disease

Increased protein in urine during pregnancy is found due to a variety of kidney diseases. During the entire gestation, the kidneys are exposed to increased stress. All fluid entering the body passes through the renal pelvis.

The bodies are not always able to cope with the task at hand. Due to the increased blood volume, the kidney walls become inflamed. There are renal diseases such as:

• pyelonephritis;
• cystitis;
• urolithiasis pathology.

Pyelonephritis is a severe inflammation of the renal pelvis. Against the background of this disease, the properties of the organ are lost. The inner surface of the kidney becomes inflamed. Part of the papillary tissue dies off. Liquid absorption decreases. There are complaints of acute pain during urination, heaviness in the lower abdomen, edema of the lower extremities.

Diagnosis consists in taking a portion of urine and ultrasound examination... A high protein content is found in the urine. A larger amount is found in the first portion of the liquid. Eliminate pathology is possible only under the supervision of a doctor. For treatment, anti-inflammatory preparations are used. A decoction is made from them, which must be taken, following the intended purpose. Severe pyelonephritis can only be cured with antibiotics.

Cystitis also releases protein in the urine during pregnancy. This disease has less pronounced inflammation of the urinary system. A pregnant woman experiences pain when emptying the bladder, and there is also a burning sensation in the urethra. Spasm from the urethra is removed with drotaverine and diuretic decoctions.

Dangerous protein for pregnant women with urolithiasis. The increased load on the kidneys leads to the accumulation of uric acid on the walls of the pelvis. Gradually, the acid particles stick together and form a small solid new formation - a stone. Pathology is detected during a routine ultrasound examination of organs. During pregnancy, protein and uric acid build-up is dangerous for the baby's health. The fetus develops hepatosis. The baby's liver cannot function normally. He is born with yellow skin.

Treatment of urolithiasis should be done with caution. The drug Ursosan has a good therapeutic effect. It dissolves acid flakes and lowers the protein content. If the stone is large, therapy is postponed until delivery.

Analysis preparation rules

There are other reasons for identifying a substance. Protein in urine during pregnancy can appear due to poor personal hygiene. Before collecting fluid, you need to properly cleanse the genitals. External organs are cleaned with a special gel for the care of the reproductive system. After cleansing, you should thoroughly cleanse the vagina from the accumulated secretion.

To avoid protein entering the liquid, the assay should be collected using a filter. It can be made from sterile gauze or cotton wool. The gauze is folded into 6 layers. The liquid is collected in a sterile container. It is purchased at the pharmacy. The finished analysis is submitted to the doctor during each visit to the mandatory examination.

Diagnostics

The research is carried out on different types liquids. The urine is divided into three portions. The first portion is collected from the beginning of the excretion of fluid from the urethra. After a few seconds, the average portion of urine begins to flow. A few seconds before the end of the emptying of the bladder, the third portion is discharged. For each type of fluid, you can establish the presence of a specific disease.

On the first portion, the lesion of the renal pelvis is established. This liquid contains the maximum amount of acid, since it has more high density... The average portion is studied for the development of preeclampsia. This liquid contains the maximum amount of protein and blood cells not absorbed by the body. The last portion has a low gravity. It contains various hormonal substances.

Carrying therapy

Proteinuria during pregnancy is not always pathological. If no problems were found during the diagnosis, but the protein is present, conservative treatment is prescribed.

During pregnancy, medicinal preparations made from herbal ingredients have a good therapeutic effect. The funds allowed for gestation include phytolysin and urolesan. These funds help answer the question of how to reduce protein in a pregnant woman without chemicals... Preparations do not contain chemical components and do not harm the fetus.

There are other methods of removing protein from urine. To this end, it is necessary to exclude a variety of dairy products, coffee, citrus fruits and chicken from the diet. You also need to stop eating eggs. You cannot completely eliminate protein from the diet. It is necessary for the correct formation of the fetus.

Various berry drinks have an active effect against protein. Cranberries and viburnum are able to block the entry of protein into the bladder and urinary tract.

Sweets have been found to negatively affect the quality of the assay. Natural chocolate made from cocoa beans is considered especially dangerous. To eliminate the increase in protein and keep the weight of the fetus normal, doctors recommend replacing sweets and sugar with a vegetable analogue - stevia. The plant does not affect the analysis and development of the child.

Before each visit to the clinic, you need to collect urine for research. The collection must be carried out correctly. Protein detection allows early detection of a dangerous disease. Treatment will help preserve the life and health of the child.

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Norms

A pregnant woman may have a slightly increased protein content, because during this period, the load on the kidneys increases. Doctors call this physiological proteinuria, which is not alarming. everything returns to normal after childbirth. Proteinuria is a protein in the urine that is determined by laboratory tests.

What does protein in urine mean during pregnancy 0.1 g / l? This means that the woman is doing well, the protein test is negative. If it rises to 0.3 g / l, then this is insignificant proteinuria. From 1 g / l - moderate, and more than 3 g / l - significant. Consider how much protein should be in a given week of pregnancy:

1. At 1-12 weeks - should not exceed 0.002 g / l in one portion of urine.
2. At 13-27 weeks - daily rate from 0.08 to 0.1 g / l.
3. At 28 - 40 weeks - the daily rate is up to 0.033 g / l.

If the increase in protein is insignificant, less than 0.3 g per day, while the woman does not have other symptoms of the disease, then this does not always indicate some pathology. Moreover, one should not worry when it was observed only once. There are a number of reasons why the protein in the urine rises, and this is not associated with disease.

Reasons for increasing protein

Why protein in urine can be elevated, what is the reason? One bad analysis says nothing. It is worth worrying when the analysis showed several times that the protein in the urine is increased.

Reasons that are not hazardous to health

Sometimes there is protein in the urine because a pregnant woman did not take the tests correctly. There are some important points to follow. If she does everything correctly and then retakes the analysis, the result will be different. How to take a urine test correctly:

1. Physical activity is prohibited the day before testing. At this time, you can not do gymnastics or yoga.
2. Before delivery, you need to correct your menu, exclude meat food from it, everything salty and spicy.
3. The dishes must be sterile; it is better to buy them at the pharmacy.
4. You need to collect urine in the morning, and do it right: first go to the toilet, then to the dishes, and then back to the toilet.
5. Dishes with urine should be in the laboratory within 2 hours; they should not be shaken on the way.

If you did everything correctly, and your result was still higher than normal, then there are other reasons due to which the protein in the urine was increased, and this is not a sign of pathology. Before taking the analysis, you could overload yourself physically, despite the prohibition, or on that day you were very worried. Stress affects the outcome. Also, the protein in the urine will be increased if a woman has eaten a lot of cottage cheese, eggs, drank milk, or took medication before. Affects the result and heat... Then this protein does not indicate pathology. You just need to retake the analysis, observing all the rules, and next week the result will be different.

Analysis speaks of illness

If a pregnant woman constantly has high protein in the urine, what is the danger, what does it mean? This can speak either about kidney and urinary tract disease, about gestosis. An accurate diagnosis must be made by a doctor, based on additional symptoms. These can be the following diseases:

1. Pyelonephritis. With this disease, the patient's temperature rises, he complains of weakness, nausea and vomiting. Side hurts, small swelling appears, the woman often runs to the toilet.
2. Cystitis. There is a pain in the bladder, frequent urination, she goes to the toilet every quarter of an hour, pain appears at the beginning and end of urination. The urine is cloudy.
3. Glomerulonephritis. The urine changes color, there is blood in it, the face and feet swell, the person is thirsty, suffers from shortness of breath. He has weakness, a headache, and his blood pressure rises.
4. Polycystic kidney disease. The stomach and lower back hurts, weakness torments, a lot of urine is released (up to 2-3 liters per day), it is light, blood pressure rises, nausea torments, a person loses weight.
5. Urolithiasis disease. The lower back also hurts, there are renal colic, nausea and vomiting torment.

There are other kidney and bladder diseases, but a specialist should diagnose and treat. If the protein in the urine appears on later dates, i.e. at 28 weeks, this may indicate gestosis, a dangerous disease that occurs in 10-15% of women, most often during the first or multiple pregnancy. It is impossible to diagnose only by analyzing urine, there must be other symptoms: swelling, increased blood pressure, dizziness, weakness. It can be difficult to distinguish gestosis from kidney disease, but its signs most often appear at 25-28 weeks of pregnancy, sometimes earlier.

What to do if the protein level is elevated, how is it treated? An accurate diagnosis must be made first. If it is inflammation of the urinary tract or kidneys, then anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics are used. If this is gestosis, then the treatment is prescribed by an obstetrician-gynecologist. If this is the first degree of gestosis, then the treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. The patient is provided with peace, monitored her nutrition, fasting days are made, motherwort and valerian are prescribed. With an increase in pressure, the pregnant woman should drink drugs that reduce it. If the preeclampsia is moderate or severe, the woman may be hospitalized.

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Traces of protein in urine - what does this mean?

Expectant mothers, in a strict order, need to pass a general urine test (OAM), protein studies show the state of the kidneys. Based on the results of such an analysis, you can find out certain kidney disease, on the basis of this, the doctor is already writing a prescription for an effective fight against the disease.

In addition, in addition to medications, the specialist will prescribe a strict diet, that is, for some time you will have to give up eating certain foods in order to achieve decreased protein in urine.

Healthy people do not have traces of protein in their urine. Protein microparticle pretty large sizes, as a result of which it is not able to exit through the renal bodies on its own.

With a clear manifestation of the protein content in the analysis of urine, the specialist makes a "verdict" - proteinuria... This suggests that the patient has kidney pathology, this is quite serious, but correctable if all the recommendations of his doctor are followed. After such indications of the analysis results, it will be required additional diagnosis of the patient.

Signs

Most often, the presence of a protein does not show any signs so that it can be detected with the naked eye. But in rare cases, you can notice changes in the body, for example, urine starts to foam up a lot, sometimes increased protein is accompanied by swelling of the limbs and face, in addition, pressure may increase.

With swelling, usually, suspicions fall on an allergic reaction of the body, and we are not used to paying any attention to all the other above signs, but this is in vain. In principle, it is impossible to independently determine the location of a protein by the behavior of your body.

The right decision would be to protect yourself and once again pass urine tests.

If a pregnant woman initially has kidney pathology (it is best to notify your doctor immediately about this), urine analysis is carried out constantly and without fail... In addition, an ultrasound of the kidneys may be needed. Only on the basis of all of the above, it will be possible to draw conclusions and talk about the further fight against kidney problems.

Why is the norm exceeded?

Everyone knows the fact that a woman's body is rebuilt during pregnancy, some changes occur, and this is considered normal, moreover, over time, at a later date, and the system of the future mother. Kidney stress is no exception.

Gradually, the baby grows, along with it the uterus of the pregnant woman increases, as a result of which they squeeze and constrict the ureter, this only worsens the situation.

If the results of the analysis show in the urine the presence of certain particles that are not characteristic of a normal person (this may be the presence of: protein, leukocytes, cylinders, erythrocytes), then this can only mean that the kidneys cannot cope with the entire load on the body of a pregnant woman, which is why pathology develops.

The reason for this may be not yet detected malformations of the functioning of the kidneys, any inflammatory processes, hypertension or metabolic pathologies.

In any case, regardless of the factors indicating impaired renal function, it is necessary to immediately identify the cause with a doctor and treat it with certain special drugs and diet.

How is it dangerous?

An increase in protein in a woman's urine can be seen both in the first weeks of pregnancy and in the last (at 37-40 weeks)... This can happen for a variety of reasons.

What does high protein in urine mean, read our article.

This can be a natural process that occurs in the body, for example - an increase in the uterus (the uterus increases in size, thereby disrupting the normal blood supply to the urinary ducts and kidneys).

Diseases that provoke an excess of the norm of protein in the urine in pregnant women (see the allowable norms in the table below):

• infection of the urinary tract;
• renal polycystic disease;
• hypertension;
• infectious kidney disease (meaning: glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis);
• high blood sugar due to diabetes;
• heart failure;
• gestosis.

The most dangerous factor in the appearance of traces of protein in the urine of a woman in an "interesting" position is a disease, which is referred to as gestosis.


This diagnosis may be accompanied by severe swelling of the limbs and face, which is most likely caused by increased vascular permeability and chronic hypertension, in addition, tinnitus, severe dizziness, weakness or fatigue are also symptoms.

Usually, gestosis manifests itself in the second trimester of pregnancy. Such a disease disrupts the normal development of the placenta Thus, the unborn baby is in danger. The fetus does not receive the required amount oxygen and nutrients.

Such phenomena usually provoke premature birth, and worse, delayed fetal development.

If the pathology is not identified in time and no action is taken for treatment, the baby may be born dead.

May suffer serious consequences and less dangerous reasons the appearance of protein in the urine, such as pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.

The first is characterized by pain and discomfort in the lower back and bladder. An indicator of the second is an unusual color of urine - the presence of a fleshy color. With pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, in addition to the presence of protein, a large presence of leukocytes and erythrocytes appears in the urine.

The condition of a pregnant woman is in itself characterized by unpredictability. A woman in an "interesting" position may not even be aware of any irregularities in her body, because everything was normal before pregnancy. In addition, after childbirth, all the problems that were during pregnancy disappear.

Protein appearance after childbirth and caesarean section

An analysis for the presence of protein in urine is important not only during pregnancy, but also after it. If, after childbirth, an increased protein is found in the urine, then this indicates problems in the woman's body, perhaps this is - inflammation of the kidneys or inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Every woman in childbirth must be examined without fail, this is the only way to prevent all health ailments, otherwise, everything may end in failure. Due to untimely examinations, serious pathologies associated with renal failure are observed.

There are no obvious signs when protein appears. All symptoms (back pain, fatigue, fatigue, swelling) can be attributed to the trouble with the baby. The reasons for the appearance of protein in the urine after childbirth are the same as during pregnancy.

To eliminate kidney disorders, one must not neglect the doctor's advice and examinations.

Allowable norms

Normal indicators of protein are: total blood protein 65 - 85 g / l and blood albumin: 35 - 50 g / l.

Let's figure out the different protein readings:

• 0,066 - 0,099. These indications indicate impaired renal function, they work in tension. This can be due to eating a large amount of protein or exercise. Most likely, your doctor will ask you to retake the test.
• 0,1 - 0,2. Such indications may indicate previous colds.
• 0,25 - 0,3. One more examination of the same kind is needed, it may be necessary to pass an analysis according to Nechiporenko. A compulsory ultrasound of the kidneys is performed. After all, we can already talk about an accurate diagnosis.
• 0,3 - 1,0. This protein level is indicative of severe proteinuria. An experienced nephrologist prescribes prescriptions, since various kinds of kidney pathology may be present.

Daily loss

In a normal healthy person, proteins with an exceptionally low molecular weight are filtered using the membrane of the renal glomeruli. After that, a certain part of them is absorbed into the kidney tubules.

Consequently, the daily loss of protein along with urine during pregnancy is so small that when the analysis results, protein in the urine, in principle, is not visible. Development of proteinuria occurs due to damage to the membrane of the renal glomeruli and tubular reabsorption.

The usual rate of urinary protein excretion in immobility is 50-100 mg / day... The presence of protein in a given amount of urine collected throughout the day can vary. For example, more protein is observed during the day than during the night.

Non-compliance with the norm implies the presence of protein in the urine, then it is then that a daily urine analysis is prescribed. This can help in identifying kidney abnormalities.

Weak proteinuria - less than 0.5 g / day.

Medium proteinuria - from 0.5 to 1 g / day.

Explicit proteinuria - from 1 to 3 g / day

How to lower protein in urine or get rid of it permanently?

Therapy and diet for lowering protein during pregnancy is prescribed specialized doctor based on the outcome of the patient's analysis. First, you need to identify the reason due to which the protein increased, then, based on the results of the examination, talk about getting rid of the disorders in the kidneys.

Considering the fact that a woman is in an “interesting” and, at the same time, “unpredictable” position, it will not be so easy to prescribe treatment, because not all drugs can be taken during pregnancy.

It may even require hospitalization in order for the expectant mother to be under the supervision of doctors all the time.

Mostly, specialists usually prescribe diuretics because they are great helpers in removing protein from urine. In case of an infectious kidney disease, it is recommended to drink herbs: chamomile, birch buds, thyme and other anti-inflammatory herbs.

If the examination showed pyelonephritis, then you will have to use antibiotics... Usually, pregnant women are afraid of the word "antibiotics" - it is in vain. There are antibiotics that do not harm the baby in any way, but they effectively fight the progressive illness of the mother.

If you have nephropathy, then you should stick to a strict diet, which should be appointed only by a specialist, perhaps he will recommend carrying out the so-called fasting days.

Do not under any circumstances self-medicate, consult your doctor.

If violations are detected in time and the cause is identified in time, then this invisible but dangerous ailment can be easily overcome. Then nothing will threaten your child. Take care of yourself and your health!

What medications can be taken during pregnancy, Dr. Komarovsky will tell in the video:

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The norm of protein in urine during pregnancy

Protein table for pregnant women

In many healthy people, the presence of protein is found in urine, but in a permissible amount. Its increased number is called proteinuria. In pregnant women, this pathology can occur due to clamping of blood vessels in the kidneys, due to the growth of the uterus. In this case, the walls of the capillaries become thin, and the permeability for protein cells increases. Or it happens on the contrary, the reabsorption of protein decreases. If you do not suspect in time and start treatment for this disease, then there is a risk that it will turn into a chronic form - proteinemia, in other words, a decrease in protein concentration.

In pregnant women, an increase in protein within the range of up to 0.002 g / l is considered the norm; at the end of pregnancy, these figures can increase to 0.033 g / l, because there is a high load on the kidneys. If the level of proteins has reached up to 3 g / l, then this may already be the result of serious pathologies. In such cases, additional studies are assigned, which can confirm or, conversely, refute the results of the previous analysis.

There are three types of proteinuria:

1. Functional proteinuria - the level of protein in the urine ranges from 0.034 g / L to 0.14 g / L. At the same time, the woman's well-being does not change. If you follow all the prescriptions of the attending doctor, you can quickly normalize the protein, and not cause complications.
2. Pathological proteinuria - the amount of proteins reaches 0.25 g / l and more. In such cases, there are exacerbations of kidney and genitourinary system diseases, cardiovascular diseases.
3. False positive proteinuria - there is an increase in protein, but the pregnant woman has no signs of illness or complaints. In such a case, the protein varies from 0.031 g / l to 0.055 g / l. The reason for this may be improper collection of urine and exacerbation of chronic diseases.

A high indicator is not yet a sign of a possible ailment, it is likely that this may be of a physiological nature. Namely, eating foods with a high protein content: cottage cheese, eggs and milk, also taking certain medications. Exercise, high temperature and stressful conditions can also affect the test result.

But if a persistent increase in protein is found, then this most likely indicates the presence of such diseases as cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis in a pregnant woman. As well as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urinary tract and kidney infections. That's why great importance pay to control the level of protein in the urine of a woman who is preparing to become a mother.

Concentration

To assess kidney function, daily proteinuria during pregnancy is determined. As a rule, it is done if an increased protein was detected in a general clinical study of urine.

The normal value of the analysis: protein release 0.08–0.024 g / day, protein concentration 0.0–0.14 g / liter. A low concentration of protein in urine often occurs after ingestion of raw eggs, unboiled milk, and other protein-rich foods.

If the protein concentration appears in the first or second trimester, then doctors prescribe repeated tests. This is mainly due to an infection or inflammation of the kidneys. If a high protein was found in the third trimester, then this is a reason for drug therapy. In such situations, the pregnant woman is urgently hospitalized.

Why protein is dangerous in late pregnancy

Protein norm table by gestational age:

An increase in protein in urine in the third trimester above 0.033 g / l is a serious reason to be wary. Proteinuria can be caused by gestosis. It occurs in 30% of women after 28 weeks of pregnancy. This happens due to all kinds of disturbances in the work of the body.

In this case, a spasm of blood vessels occurs and the amount of blood that carries oxygen and nutrients to various organs decreases. As a result of all this, swelling occurs. The water-salt balance gets lost. The fetus cannot receive enough vital substances. As a result, there may be a lack of oxygen and inhibition of growth and development, and sometimes lead to the loss of the baby.

The danger to the life of the child in the womb and to the mother herself is late gestosis, which threatens the development of eclampsia. In this case, premature placental abruption and fainting are possible, because of this, doctors have to resort to artificial childbirth ahead of time.

Thirst is a sign of this dangerous disease, so it is extremely important for a woman who is expecting a child to control:

• the volume of fluid drunk and discharged;
• significant weight gain and late toxicosis;
• swelling, first they appear on the legs, then on the face and hands;
• long-term increase in blood pressure;
• and, of course, an increased amount of protein in the urine.

It is impossible to get rid of gestosis completely. Based on this, doctors prescribe medications that can normalize the level of protein in the urine. It is necessary that before childbirth the concentration of proteins is in acceptable amounts, otherwise it will affect the course of childbirth. You can reduce protein to normal by adhering to special diets.

To prevent this pathology, you need to regularly take a urine test and monitor the level of protein. And also reduce the consumption of smoked meats, peppers, salt, fried meat, chocolate, coffee and strong tea.

The presence of an element such as protein in urine signals a malfunction in the body. It can be caused by a number of reasons - from banal hypothermia to serious pathologies of the urinary system. If you have identified a high protein content (), you should not postpone a visit to the doctor so as not to miss a possible illness.

The process of protein formation in urine

Urine is created by filtering the blood by capturing unnecessary substances from it and passing them through the kidney membranes. Thus, the body is freed from salts and toxins.

Malfunctions of kidney components lead to the identification of elements in urine that should not be found there. The blood plasma contains a large amount of proteins, of which small ones easily pass through the renal tubules and are reabsorbed into the blood.

The penetration of larger protein molecules into the urine becomes possible when the filtration system of the kidneys is damaged. The more severe the damage to the renal tissue, the more large-molecular proteins will be found in the urine.

The appearance of protein in urine is not always associated with pathologies of the kidneys and urinary organs, sometimes disturbances in other body systems lead to the release of protein into the urine. , burns, frostbite inflict a blow on tissue proteins, which is why their concentration in urine will be higher than normal.

Causes of the formation of protein in urine

Proteinuria is physiological and pathological, depending on what causes it. Physiological protein elevation is a transient condition that does not require treatment.

Main reasons:

• excessive physical and nervous tension;
• excess protein intake;
• prolonged upright position that prevents blood flow;
• hypothermia, overheating;
• the last months of pregnancy;
• increased adrenaline and norepinephrine in the blood;
• examination of the kidneys by probing;
• diseases accompanied by fever;
• taking certain medications.

Pathological causes:

• damage to the renal tubules;
• inflammatory processes in the urinary organs;
• hypertension, heart failure;
• , multiple myeloma;
• diabetes mellitus, epilepsy;
• renal failure;
• , pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis;
• tumors of the urinary organs.

Only a comprehensive examination will help determine which disease caused the deviation from normal indicators.

Symptoms that may occur with proteinuria

A temporary (physiological) increase in protein in urine does not manifest itself in any way. A mild form of the disease on early stage also does not represent a clear clinical picture. Pathological proteinuria goes away with the symptoms of the disease that provoked it.

Prolonged high levels of protein cause:

• pain in muscles, joints, bones;
• night cramps, sleep disturbances;
• weakness, anemia, dizziness;
• swelling, heart palpitations;
• turbidity, white bloom and;
• fever, nausea.

The norm of protein content in urine

Protein norm for men

A slight excess of these indicators in males is not a deviation, especially with intensive training, physical or standing work, frequent hypothermia, abuse of meat food. An increase in protein can also occur when it enters the urine from the prostate gland or urethra.

Protein norm in women

For female representatives, the upper permissible protein content limit is 0.03 g / l. Its physiological increase is a consequence of infections of the genital area, pregnancy, the postpartum period.

During pregnancy, an indicator of 0.033-0.3 g / l is considered permissible. V in this case protein can increase due to mechanical pressure of the fetus on the kidneys. An excess of 0.5 g / l in pregnant women in the last trimester often indicates. Its other symptoms are in combination with high blood pressure. To distinguish the physiological growth of indicators from the pathological will help the systematic delivery of urine analysis and monitoring of the kidneys of the pregnant woman.

Protein norm in children

The maximum concentration of protein in the urine of a healthy child is 0.025 g / l. Exceeding this indicator does not always indicate pathology. It can be caused by allergies, fever, colds, stress, and in infants, overfeeding. Often, the protein content increases in urine in adolescent boys, which is due to the specifics of kidney function at this age.

Protein in the urine. What to do? Advice to parents. Pediatrician, Candidate Says medical sciences I. S. Kostyushina, Scientific Center:

Rules for collecting urine for analysis

The reliability of the analysis results depends on compliance with the rules on the eve of its delivery:

1. Do not take drugs that affect protein levels (colistin, acetazolamide, lithium, oxacillin).
2. Refrain from eating meat, cottage cheese, salt, sour, spicy, smoked foods.
3. Refuse alcohol and 3 days before analysis.
4. Conduct a toilet of the external urinary organs.
5. Collect urine immediately after waking up according to the following scheme: start in the toilet, continue in a jar, then back into the toilet.
6. Avoid hypothermia and stress the day before.

How to decipher a urine test

General analysis allows you to evaluate physical indicators (color, transparency, density, weight, acidity) and chemical composition urine and its sediment. The study should have the following indicators:

On a note! Urinalysis is indicative of health status, but for accurate diagnosis the doctor directs the disease for further examination.

A urine test for the presence of protein is an analysis; on the basis of acute, a specific kidney disease can be diagnosed. Based on the results of the examination, the doctor will be able to establish the disease and draw up an effective therapy scheme. The procedure involves special training, which prohibits taking certain drugs and foods, because they can affect the protein content of the urine.

What are traces of protein in urine

The protein molecule has a very big size, therefore, it cannot leave through the renal corpuscles. In a healthy person, urine does not contain this substance. After passing the analysis, the doctor notifies the patient about the presence of protein in urine. What does this mean? This process is called proteinuria. This is a very alarming symptom that indicates the presence of serious kidney disease. If traces of protein are found in urine, immediate additional diagnosis is required.

Physiological limits of the norm

In healthy men and women, its concentration reaches 0.14 g / l. If this value is exceeded to 0.33 g / l, then it can be argued that there is a disease in the body, a symptom of which is proteinuria. It can occur in three stages: mild, moderate, and severe. In a child, the protein norm reaches 0.036 g / l. When it rises to 1 g / l, moderate proteinuria occurs. During pregnancy, the norm of protein molecules is 0.03 g / l. An increased rate is a sign of malfunctions in the genitourinary system and kidney disease.

How is urine analysis done?

Delivery of biomaterial is carried out in the morning. This diagnosis is called a screening study. A false positive result is achieved with improper collection of urine or inadequate hygiene prior to collection. If the amount of protein in urine has exceeded the norm, another study is prescribed, suggesting a daily collection. Thanks to such an examination, it is possible to establish the degree of proteinuria and determine specific proteins using the electrophoresis method.

To accurately establish the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a number of additional studies to obtain more accurate information. If during the diagnosis proteins and leukocytes were detected, this is a symptom of the inflammatory process. When protein and red blood cells are found, it is likely that the doctor will diagnose damage to the urinary system or the passage of a stone.

Why does urine protein levels rise?

The reasons for the formation of protein in urine can be very diverse. Often this is a specific disease or, in general, such a process is of a transient (passing) nature. If transient proteinuria occurs, it is an obvious symptom of fever or dehydration. It can also be caused by frequent stressful situations, burns or hypothermia. In men, the increased protein content may be associated with significant physical activity. Experts identify the following causes of proteinuria:

• glomerulonephritis or lupus nephritis;
• myeloma pathology (urine contains a specific protein M-protein);
• arterial hypertension, existing for a long time;
• diabetes mellitus (urine contains albumin);
• renal processes of an infectious or inflammatory nature;
• malignant tumors of the kidneys;
• chemotherapy;
• mechanical injury to the kidney;
• poisoning with toxins;
• prolonged exposure to the cold;
• burns.

Symptoms of the manifestation of proteinuria

A temporary increase in the level of proteins in urine does not give any clinical picture and very often proceeds without symptoms. Pathological proteinuria is a manifestation of the disease that contributed to the formation of protein molecules in the urine. With a prolonged course of such a condition, patients, regardless of their age (in children and adolescents, in women, men), have the following symptoms:

• painful sensations in the bones (are a common manifestation of myeloma, which is characterized by a significant loss of protein);
• with proteinuria, anemia is accompanied by fatigue, which becomes chronic;
• dizziness and drowsiness;
• poor appetite, feeling of nausea, vomiting.

Treatment for high protein content in urine

When the urine contains a high concentration of protein, it can cause a drop in the level in the blood. This process increases blood pressure and edema. Here it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor to prescribe an effective therapy. The treatment regimen is drawn up taking into account the main diagnosis and includes the following groups of drugs:

• antibacterial;
• cytostatics;
• decongestants;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• reducing blood clotting;
• hypotensive.

Therapeutic methods can also include extracorporate methods of blood purification - plasmapheresis and hemosorption. An important role in the treatment of proteinuria is assigned to proper nutrition. Often, the protein rises due to the consumption of too salty, fatty, spicy food. The diet should include the following conditions:

1. Limit salt intake to 2 grams per day.
2. Monitor the volume of urine excreted in relation to the fluid intake. Drinking is allowed no more than 1 liter per day. For these purposes, it is better to use a rosehip decoction, fruit drink with black currant.
3. Reduce the intake of fish and meat for a period of 2 months.
4. Include milk, beets, fruits, vegetables, raisins, rice in the diet.
5. Good effect has an anti-inflammatory decoction. To prepare it, you need to mix in a 1: 1 ratio of black poplar buds, the herb of the drop cap and the tricolor violet. Take a tablespoon of the collection and pour a glass of boiling water. Insist half an hour and use throughout the day. The course of therapy is 3 weeks.

Disease prevention

It is very important to prevent the transition of proteinuria to a chronic form. To do this, you need to follow certain rules of prevention and monitor your well-being all the time. If you suddenly find any change related to the quantity and quality of urine, go to your doctor right away. It is important to understand the root cause of proteinuria in order to eliminate it in time and prevent the development of a more serious disease.

Very often, the cause of an increase in protein is hypertension, as well as diabetes mellitus. If we are talking about high blood pressure, you need to constantly monitor blood pressure indicators, take medications, and reduce the consumption of sugar, protein and salt. If a high concentration of protein is associated with diabetes, in addition to special drugs, the doctor will prescribe a diet to the patient. When confirming the diagnosis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, congenital abnormalities of the kidney or other systemic diseases should be constantly monitored by a nephrologist.

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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What does protein in urine mean?

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Passing through the kidneys, the blood is filtered - as a result, only those substances that are needed by the body remain in it, and the rest is excreted in the urine.

Protein molecules are large, and the filtering system of the renal corpuscles does not allow them to pass through. However, due to inflammation or due to other pathological causes the integrity of the tissues in the nephrons is compromised, and the protein passes freely through their filters.

Proteinuria is the appearance of protein in the urine, and I will discuss the causes and treatment of this condition in this publication.

In the urine of women and men, two types of proteins are found - immunoglobulin and albumin, and most often the latter, so you can find such a thing as albuminuria. This is nothing more than widespread proteinuria.

The presence of protein in urine is:

• Transient, associated with fever, chronic diseases outside the urinary system (tonsillitis, laryngitis) and functional reasons - dietary habits (a lot of protein in the diet), physical fatigue, swimming in cold water.
• Permanent, which is due to pathological changes in the kidneys.

Proteinuria is also divided into types depending on the amount of protein (units - g / L / day):

• trace - up to 0.033;
• mild - 0.1-0.3;
• moderate - up to 1;
• pronounced - up to 3 or more.

There are many reasons for protein in the urine, and the first place is occupied by kidney pathologies:

• pyelonephritis;
• lipoid nephrosis;
• amyloidosis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• polycystic kidney disease;
• nephropathy in diabetes mellitus;
• renal carcinoma;
• obstructive uropathy.

Among blood diseases, the causes increased protein myeloma, leukemia, plasmacytoma, myelodysplastic syndrome can become in the urine. These pathologies do not damage the kidney tissue, but increase the load on them - the level of proteins in the blood increases, and the nephrons do not have time to completely filter them out. Protein inclusions in urine also appear with urethritis and prostatitis.

Marked increase in urine protein can provoke such violations:

• inflammation of the genitourinary organs;
• tumors in the lungs or gastrointestinal tract;
• kidney injury;
• diseases of the central nervous system;
• intestinal obstruction;
• tuberculosis;
• hyperthyroidism;
• subacute endocarditis caused by infections;
• arterial hypertension;
• chronic hypertension;
• intoxication of the body with poisoning and infectious diseases;
• extensive burns;
• sickle cell anemia;
• diabetes;
• congestion in heart failure;
• lupus nephritis.

Physiological increase in urine protein temporary and is not a symptom of any disease, it occurs in such cases:

• high physical activity;
• prolonged fasting;
• dehydration.

The amount of protein excreted in the urine also increases in stressful situations, with the introduction of norepinephrine and taking some other drugs.

At inflammatory diseases can be detected increased protein and leukocytes in the urine. A common reason favors pyelonephritis, diabetes mellitus, blood diseases, infections of the genitourinary system, appendicitis.

Leukocytes, along with protein, are present in urine analysis and due to the intake of aminoglycosides, antibiotics, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors.

There should be no red blood cells in urine. Protein, erythrocytes and leukocytes appear in urine with injuries, inflammation of the kidneys, tumors in the urinary tract, tuberculosis, hemorrhagic cystitis, kidney stones and bladder.

This is a serious signal - if you do not find out the exact cause and do not start treatment on time, the disease can develop into renal failure.

The norm of protein in urine in women and men

The urine of a healthy person contains protein no more than 0.003 g / l- in a single portion of urine, this amount is not even detected.

For the volume of daily urine, the normal indicator is up to 0.1 g. For protein in urine, the norm for women and men is the same.

In a child under 1 month. normal values ​​are up to 0.24 g / m², and in children older than one month, it decreases to 0.06 g / m² of body surface.

Foods that increase protein in urine

An excess of protein food increases the burden on the kidneys. The body does not have the ability to accumulate excess proteins - reserves of substances and energy are always stored in the form of fat, or burned during physical activity.

If you follow a protein diet or such foods predominate in the diet, then the excess of protein will inevitably increase. The body needs to either convert it (into fat with a sedentary lifestyle, into muscle mass and energy when moving). But the rate of metabolic processes is limited, so the moment will come when the protein will begin to be excreted in the urine.

If you eat a lot of protein foods, it is important to consume at least 2.5 liters of clean water every day and get active. Otherwise, the kidneys will not be able to filter urine normally, which can lead to metabolic disorders and the development of urolithiasis.

Other products also reduce the filtering ability of the kidneys:

• Alcoholic drinks irritate the parenchyma of organs, thicken the blood, increasing the load on the urinary system;
• Salty and sweet food retains water in the body, slowing down its free movement - congestion and swelling develop, which
• Increases the toxicity of the blood - this negatively affects the functioning of the renal filters.

Symptoms of a pathological increase in protein in the urine

Mild proteinuria and trace amounts of protein in the urine do not manifest themselves in any way. In this case, symptoms of diseases may be observed, which led to a slight increase in this indicator, for example, an increase in temperature during inflammation.

With a significant presence of protein in the urine, edema appears. This is because, due to the loss of proteins, the colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood plasma decreases, and it partially leaves the vessels in the tissues.

If the protein in the urine is elevated for a long time, the following symptoms develop:

1. Painful sensations in the bones;
2. Dizziness, drowsiness;
3. Fast fatiguability;
4. Fever with inflammation (chills and fever);
5. Lack of appetite;
6. Nausea and vomiting;
7. Turbidity or whiteness of urine due to the presence of albumin in it, or redness if the kidneys pass erythrocytes along with the protein.

Signs of dysmetabolic nephropathy are often observed - high blood pressure, puffiness under the eyes, on the legs and fingers, headaches, constipation, sweating.

Is high protein in urine during pregnancy normal?

The volume of circulating blood in a woman's body during this period is increased, so the kidneys begin to work in an enhanced mode. The norm of protein in urine during pregnancy is considered to be up to 30 mg / l.

With an analysis of 30 to 300 mg, they speak of microalbuminuria. It can be caused by an abundance of protein foods in the diet, frequent stress, hypothermia, cystitis.

An increase in protein to 300 mg or more is observed with pyelonephritis and glomeluronephritis.

The most serious condition in which protein in the urine increases during pregnancy is gestosis. This complication is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, edema, and in extreme cases, seizures, cerebral edema, coma, bleeding and death. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to pay attention to any symptoms and have a urine test regularly.

It happens that even in the background proper nutrition and the absence of symptoms, the presence of protein in the urine of women is detected. What does it mean? Trace amounts of protein can be detected through poor hygiene practices during urine collection.

• In this case, vaginal discharge, which contains up to 3% of free proteins and mucin (a glycoprotein consisting of carbohydrate and protein), gets into the urine.

If there is no apparent reason, and the protein in the urine is more than normal, go thorough examination- perhaps some kind of disease is latent.

Treatment tactics, drugs

To prescribe the correct treatment, the doctor needs to find out the cause of proteinuria. If the release of protein is associated with the physiological state of the body, then therapy is not carried out.

• In this case, it is recommended to revise the diet, reduce the load, be less nervous (perhaps the doctor will recommend mild sedatives).

Inflammatory diseases

The causes of increased protein in the urine in women and men, associated with inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, are treated with antibiotics, restorative agents.

Antimicrobial drugs are selected taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen, the form of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.

In the treatment of pyelonephritis, the following are indicated:

• antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Cefepim);
• NSAIDs to reduce inflammation and pain (Diclofenac)
• bed rest with exacerbation;
• supportive herbal medicine (diuretic herbs, rose hips, chamomile, Monurel);
• drinking plenty of fluids;
• diuretics (Furosemide);
• Fluconazole or Amphotericin is indicated for fungal etiology of the disease.

With sepsis (symptoms of suppuration - severe pain, fever, decrease in pressure), removal of the kidney is indicated - nephrectomy.

With glomerulonephritis, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed with restriction of proteins and salt. Cytostatics, glucocorticoids, hospitalization and bed rest are indicated in case of exacerbation.

Nephropathy

Protein levels in urine are elevated with nephropathy. The treatment regimen depends on the underlying cause (diabetes, metabolic disorders, intoxication, preeclampsia of pregnant women) and is determined individually.

Diabetic nephropathy requires careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, and a salt-free diet with a low protein content is indicated. Of the drugs, ACE inhibitors, means for normalizing the lipid spectrum (nicotinic acid, Simvastin, Probucol) are prescribed.

In severe cases, Erythropoietin is also used to normalize hemoglobin, the hemodialysis procedure, or a decision is made about a kidney transplant.

Gestosis of pregnant women

Gestosis during pregnancy can occur in four forms, or stages:

• dropsy - edematous syndrome develops;
• nephropathy - failure of the kidneys;
• preeclampsia - a violation of cerebral circulation;
• eclampsia - extreme stage, pre-coma, life-threatening.

Any form requires immediate hospitalization and hospital treatment. The woman is shown complete rest and a diet with limited salt.

Drug therapy includes:

• sedatives;
• removal of vascular spasms (more often drip injection of magnesium sulfate is used);
• replenishment of blood volume with isotonic solutions, blood preparations;
• means for normalizing pressure;
• diuretics to prevent cerebral edema;
• the introduction of vitamins.

Why is high protein in urine dangerous?

Proteinuria requires timely identification and elimination of its cause. Increased protein in urine without treatment is dangerous for the development of such conditions:

1. Decreased sensitivity to infections and toxins;
2. Blood clotting disorder, which is fraught with prolonged bleeding;
3. If thyroxine-binding globulin leaves the body with urine, then the risk of developing hypothyroidism is high;
4. Damage to both kidneys death with nephropathy;
5. With gestosis of pregnant women - pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, coma, hemorrhage in internal organs, threat of fetal death, strong
6. Uterine bleeding.

An increase in protein in the urine does not allow self-medication - by contacting a specialist in time, you can avoid the development of severe complications.

03.08.2017

There should be no protein in the urine, or it can be detected by analysis in trace amounts - up to 0.033 g / l.

If traces of protein are found in the urine or the amount of protein slightly exceeding the trace indicators is re-analyzed.

The insignificant indicators of protein in the analysis results can be explained by insufficient patient hygiene before collecting urine, taking certain medications, or eating protein foods. Why is this value, 0.033 g / l, considered the limit of the norm? Lower protein concentrations are difficult to determine with existing laboratory test methods.

The norm of protein in urine in men is up to 0.033 g / l, up to a maximum of 0.05 g / l. Protein in urine can occasionally appear during stress, muscle strain, eating a lot of meat or eggs (protein food), sometimes protein can get into the urine with sperm. If there is a persistent excess of the protein norm, this indicates the presence of a pathological factor.

The norm of protein in urine in women is not more than 0.033 g / l. When collecting urine for analysis, it is necessary to exclude the ingress of vaginal discharge or menstrual blood into it - this gives a false positive result. During pregnancy, the protein content in urine can increase to 0.14 g / l (according to other sources, up to 0.3 g / l), this concentration is not yet considered abnormal and is usually explained by mechanical compression of the kidneys by an enlarged uterus.

If the protein content in the urine is higher, it may be a symptom of kidney disease or gestosis (toxicosis in the second half of pregnancy)With gestosis, the permeability of the blood vessels increases, and the fluid leaves the bloodstream into edema. The mechanism of increasing blood pressure is turned on to maintain its level in the vessels; the fluid goes into edema, the pressure rises. This vicious circle is extremely dangerous for mother and child.

The probable cause of the appearance of protein in the urine is cystitis, a common disease in pregnant women.

In children, normally, protein should not be detected in the test results, although pediatricians allow its occasional appearance at a concentration of up to 0.036 g / l. Protein in the range of 0.7-0.9 g / l can be observed in boys 6-14 years old with a high physical activity, and only in the daytime (orthostatic proteinuria). Morning analysis of the boy's urine immediately after sleep does not reveal any protein.

This condition is not considered pathological. Sometimes protein is detected in infants with the beginning of complementary feeding with cottage cheese, meat, in children who are sick or have just had ARVI. 7 to 10 days after recovery, the protein should return to trace levels.

Causes of the appearance of protein in urine

High protein content in urine is caused by:

• kidney diseases (acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrosis, nephropathy of pregnant women, pyelonephritis, tuberculosis);
• poisoning with a number of toxic substances;
• degenerative changes in the kidneys with hypertension, atherosclerosis of the renal arteries, diabetes mellitus;
• inflammatory processes in the bladder and urethra (cystitis, urethritis), urolithiasis, prostatitis;
• oncological diseases;
• chemotherapy for cancer;
• allergic and autoimmune reactions;
• significant muscle tissue injuries, extensive burns;
• strong stress;
• hypothermia;
• functional reasons associated with the acceleration of blood flow in the renal arteries. A larger volume of blood is supplied to the kidneys per unit of time than usual; accordingly, more protein is filtered. This explains the increase in the concentration of protein in the urine with significant physical exertion.

As already mentioned, an increased content of protein in urine can appear in healthy people after significant physical overstrain, including with profuse sweating, with dehydration.

An important diagnostic indicator isdaily protein in the urine (the amount of protein excreted in the urine per day).

The study of daily urine for protein is carried out after a repeated general analysis of urine again confirmed its presence. The permissible amount of protein in the daily urine volume is 0, 08 - 0, 24 g / day. The urine excreted by the patient during the day is collected in a 2.7-liter container (sold in pharmacies), or in a well-washed and dry, better sterilized 3-liter jar. The day before urine collection, it is necessary to exclude the use of diuretics, acetylsalicylic acid. Before each urination, you need to thoroughly wash yourself, both women and men.

If a woman is menstruating, it is best to wait until it is over. For women, when urinating, it is better to cover the vaginal opening with a sterile cotton swab. The first portion of the morning urine is not collected, they start with a medium one, but notice the time of the first trip to the toilet in order to finish collecting urine for analysis after about 24 hours. The urine collected per day is thoroughly shaken and about 100 ml is poured into a prepared dish, preferably into a sterile pharmacy container. However, if directed by your doctor, bring whatever you have collected.

Normally, the excretion of protein (protein in daily urine) should not exceed 50 - 80 mg (0.05 - 0.08 g) per day. Under extreme physical exertion (athletes, loaders, etc.), the physiological maximum is 250 mg / day. In pregnant women, the physiological maximum is 300 mg / day, in the later stages up to 500 mg / day (if edema and arterial hypertension are not observed).

An increase in protein in the urine, what does it mean?

Proteinuria is a persistent increase in the protein content in the urine, the excretion of protein in the urine. First of all, it can signal a violation of the filtration function of the kidneys and is most likely caused by:

• an increase in the permeability of the membranes of the renal glomeruli for plasma proteins;
• an increased in excess of the normal amount of proteins in the blood plasma;
• violation of reabsorption (reabsorption) of plasma proteins in the kidney tubules;
• the entry into the urine of proteins of kidney tissue during their inflammation or traumatic injury.

Daily protein loss, or the degree of proteinuria, is of diagnostic value:

• up to 0.5 g / day - moderate. Occurs in chronic pyelonephritis;
• from 0.5 to 4 g / day - high. It is characteristic of acute pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis of the kidneys (disorders of protein metabolism, in some cases associated with an autoimmune reaction - an insufficiently studied disease with serious consequences), toxic nephropathy (in case of poisoning with a number of toxins), as well as kidney damage due to diabetes mellitus or heart failure;
• more than 4 g / day - typical for the degradation of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys.

The combination of proteinuria with an increased content of leukocytes indicates inflammation, infection in the urinary tract, the presence of blood - about the possible presence of ulceration of the mucous membrane or an increase in the permeability of the walls of the blood vessels of the mucous membrane, about trauma. Attention is also drawn to the molecular weight of the detected protein.

The low molecular weight of proteins shows that their filtration by the kidneys is slightly impaired. High molecular weight of proteins is a sign of severe pathological changes in the kidneys.

Diagnostics

A general urinalysis is an initial study, on the results of which the need for further diagnosis depends. When a protein is detected in a second general analysis first of all, a daily urine test is prescribed. If he confirmed proteinuria, then they carry out:

• a general blood test (primarily the number of leukocytes and the ESR indicator);
• blood sugar test;
• enzyme immunoassay (possibly);
• blood test for lipid spectrum (possibly);
• Ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract (required).

Ultrasound with an increased concentration of protein in the urine is very informative.

If pathological changes in the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract are not found, further searches for the cause of proteinuria are continued.

We remind you that proteinuria can signal a developing cancer (leukemia, myeloma).

How to get rid of protein in urine, including folk remedies

The question is fundamentally wrong.

Proteinuria is not a disease but a symptom possible diseases... Must go medical examination to determine the causes of proteinuria.

Treatment is prescribed depending on the reasons. Having identified the cause, you need to influence it, including, possibly, folk remedies.

In any case, if an increased protein in the urine is detected, it is necessary to facilitate the work of the kidneys as much as possible:

• limit salt intake;
• give up spices, pickles and canned food with vinegar, sausages, smoked meats, meat and fish broths;
• exclude alcoholic beverages, including beer;
• refrain from physical activity.