LESSON

Personal hygiene rules during the hike

TASK

At the end of the study of the topic, students should have an idea of ​​personal hygiene and know the basic rules for caring for skin, teeth, hair on a hike.

METHODS AND METHODS OF TEACHING

1. Story, examples of diseases of the skin, teeth, hair.

2. Questions and answers, discussion-discussion on the observance of hygienic requirements for skin, hair and teeth care in field conditions.

3. Conversation about the need to cleanse the body. Explanations, questions and answers.

MEANS OF EDUCATION

1. Hygienic skin care products (creams, ointments, lotions, etc.), for the oral cavity (toothbrushes, toothpaste, cleaning floss, rinsing solutions, etc.), for hair (combs, soap, shampoos, rinses), etc.

2. Means for the care of clothes and footwear.

STUDYING NEW MATERIAL

1. The concept of personal hygiene.

2. Care of skin, teeth and hair in field conditions.

3. Hygiene of clothes.

4. The value of physical culture for human health.

5. Peculiarities of personal hygiene during the hike.

BASIC MOMENTS

1. Personal hygiene, general concepts and definitions.

2. Skin care. Purpose and function of the skin. Basic rules for skin care.

3. Dental care. Appointment and function of teeth. Causes of teeth and gum disease. Basic rules for dental care.

4. Hair care. Purpose and function of hair. Causes of hair disease. Basic rules for hair care.

5. Garment hygiene. Functions of modern man's clothing. Hygienic requirements for clothing, hats and footwear.

6. The value of physical culture for human health.

7. Peculiarities of personal hygiene during the hike.

ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE

1. What is personal hygiene?

2. What hygiene rules must be followed in order for the skin to successfully perform its functions and look good, especially in field conditions?

3. What diseases in the oral cavity are possible if you do not watch your teeth?

4. What hygiene rules must be followed to keep the teeth and oral cavity constantly healthy?

5. What is hair for?

6. How should you take care of your hair so that it fulfills its functions, is healthy and beautiful?

7. What are human clothes and shoes for?

8. What are the requirements for clothing and footwear, especially in hiking conditions?

9. What material is the best to make tourist clothes and shoes?

10. What is the significance of physical culture on human health?

11. What are the features of personal hygiene during the hike?

CHALLENGE TO THE HOUSE

Make a list of the necessary hygiene products to care for your skin, hair and teeth on a hike.

Answer the question: why were these personal care products chosen?

Purpose: To explain the importance of personal hygiene for general health.

During the classes

I. Introductory part.

1. Introduction to the topic of the lesson

Familiarization with the value of personal hygiene of a person

The difference in personal hygiene in field conditions

Going on a hike, picking up equipment and plotting a route on the map, you can miss one very important point - this is personal hygiene in hiking conditions. Meanwhile, this is such a question that should not be neglected, especially on long and difficult hikes. But even in a simple hike, it is necessary to observe some simple rules so that there are no health problems.

2. Communication of the purpose of the lesson.

II. Presentation of the program material.

Let's first look at the general concepts of personal hygiene.

Hygiene Is a science that studies the influence of the external environment on the health of an individual and the entire population, and also develops hygiene standards, requirements and rules for maintaining health, high working capacity and prolonging active longevity of people.

Cleanliness and personal hygiene are integral companions of a person throughout his life.

Personal hygiene is a set of rules, following which you will preserve and strengthen your health.

Personal hygiene includes:

keeping the body clean;

keeping the linen clean;

keeping clothes clean;

keeping the home clean;

proper preparation and regular food intake;

alternation of work and active rest;

alternation of mental and physical labor;

classes physical education, sports;

full sleep.

Certain types of food are harmful to the health of the body, so they should be avoided or consumption limited:

chocolate;

fizzy drinks;

fried foods;

sugar;

fatty foods;

smoked and canned foods;

coffee.

Preferred types of products:

fruits;

vegetables;

cottage cheese and other dairy products;

lean meat;

poultry, fish;

oatmeal and other cereals.

Personal hygiene includes several areas, including skin care, dental care, hair care, and clothing and footwear hygiene.

1. Leather is not only a shell that separates the internal environment from the external one. It also protects the body from mechanical and chemical damage, from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into its internal environment. Skin receptors regulate body temperature, give us the ability to touch objects, feel pain, heat, cold. Through the sweat glands located in the skin, a lot of unnecessary and harmful substances are excreted from the body.

In order for the skin to successfully perform its many functions, the following rules must be observed:

wash every day with warm water with toilet or baby soap;

change your underwear, socks, stockings, tights or knee-highs as often as possible;

if the skin is dry or itchy, lubricate it with cream or ointment;

do not squeeze out pimples, do not try to open abscesses: inflammation may begin in their place;

if you notice a rash on your body, immediately contact your parents or a medical institution, and on a trip to a leader or a doctor;

eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, milk; if you get enough vitamins and minerals from food, then the skin will be clean and smooth;

avoid foods that cause you an allergic reaction;

in cold weather, protect the skin from frostbite;

in the forest or in the field, do not touch unfamiliar plants, as among them there may be poisonous ones that cause skin irritation;

if you accidentally spill acid or other chemical on yourself, immediately wash it off with running water and soap;

If clothing made from synthetic fabrics or any other material irritates your skin, do not wear it.

Watch your hands carefully; they need to be washed:

coming from the street;

after using the toilet;

before eating;

after playing with animals;

Foot care: wash and change socks and tights daily.

2. Oral hygiene. An adult should have 32 teeth. However, due to inadequate nutrition and dental care, trauma and wisdom teeth extraction, most adults have slightly fewer teeth.

The layer of enamel that covers a healthy human tooth is the hardest substance in the human body. However, like other hard objects, teeth can be injured and eroded. Its most common form is caries, carious decay.

For oral hygiene it is necessary:

brush your teeth 2 times a day;

rinse your mouth after each meal;

be examined by a dentist at least once every 6 months;

replace the toothbrush at least once every 2 months.

protect yourself from injuries that occur most often during sports activities and as a result of car accidents;

there is more food that strengthens the teeth and gums, and less food that leads to their weakening (vegetables rich in fiber and calcium contribute to dental health; apples, carrots and celery, which must be chewed thoroughly, not only give work to the muscles of the jaws, improve the flow of blood to the teeth and gums, but also cleanses the surface of the teeth; peanuts and other nuts, tea, sunflower seeds, cheese, olives, if consumed after meals, can prevent tooth decay, preventing the formation of an acidic environment in the mouth);

avoid fatty, viscous and acid-forming foods;

3. In appearancehair do not resemble skin in any way, although they represent a modified epidermis. Hair must be washed more than once a week, but as it gets dirty, using gentle shampoos, rinse the hair with infusions of burdock, chamomile, etc. Try not to wash your hair with soap - it will acquire a dull shade, as it is not easily washed off;

4. Main functionclothes a person - to protect his body from adverse external conditions and influences.

Clothing requirements ... She must:

correspond to the climatic conditions of the human environment, the nature of his work,

have a cut that does not impede blood circulation and breathing (that is, it should be sufficiently loose),

easy to clean from dust and dirt.

The material from which the garment is made must meet the following requirements:

thermal conductivity,

breathability,

hygroscopicity

water capacity.

Hats also must meet hygienic requirements: be light and not tight, so as not to disturb the blood circulation in the head. For the summer period, it is desirable to make them from light, light and low-thermal materials with increased air permeability. For cold weather, natural fur hats are optimal.

Shoes it is preferable to have from genuine leather or created on the basis of modern proven technologies: it is not afraid of moisture, retains heat well and provides good ventilation of the foot.

The cut of the shoe must fully take into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the foot.

Shoes should not be tight, as this can lead to the formation of calluses, ingrown nails.

It is better to have shoes with small heels, since a high heel moves the center of gravity of a person when walking and causes overstrain of the ligaments and muscles of the leg.

Physical education and sports should become a habit. There are no contraindications for physical education. Currently, many different complexes have been developed. physical exercise, you need to choose the most suitable view sports. If you wish, you can do any kind of sports. The most effective for health are:

skiing;

swimming;

run;

a ride on the bicycle.

Having decided to go in for sports, you must remember:

physical activities you should start with a warm-up;

by the end of classes, it is necessary to gradually reduce the load;

after running or brisk walking, do not stand still, continue to move for another 5-6 minutes.

Dream must be strong. A healthy person falls asleep quickly and wakes up with a feeling of freshness and vigor.

Appetite should be good. If certain dishes are disgusting, these are clear signs of overwork or overexertion.

Physical activity improves the work of all vital organs.

Now let's dwell on some aspects of personal hygiene on a hike.

Even at home, before starting the hike, you need to take care of your personal hygiene: cut your nails, wash your hair. You can have a haircut - it will be easier to wash in field conditions short hair... All clothing should be initially cleaned and ironed.

On a hike, you should always use the opportunity to put yourself in order. You sweat while driving, road dust and dirt stick to your skin. Gripping your face, rubbing your eyes, and eating with dirty hands can easily lead to eye inflammation or upset stomach.

Before any meal, be sure to wash your hands or use special antiseptic agents.

If you come to a river or stream with clean running water, you need to wash your hands, face and neck well, and if you have free time, wash your feet and change socks. After water procedures and a short rest, it will be much easier and more pleasant to continue the journey. If you plan to stop for the night by the river, you can and even need to wash all dirty things and wash yourself before going to bed. V sleeping bag you need to get in clean and dressed in fresh underwear.

There are never too many underwear and socks. When you walk for a long time, the socks get wet with sweat, rub and tear. This is fraught with calluses and chafes, which will hurt, and in a long hike, if you do not take measures, they can fester. Stale laundry can also negatively affect the skin, causing irritation. Therefore, we need to change them without waiting for problems.

You can use a small bar of soap to wash your clothes. It will also be possible to wash both hands and feet. To wash your hair, you can pour the shampoo into a small plastic bottle so as not to lug a large package.

Sometimes the route of the hike passes in places with a shortage of water. You have to carry drinking water on yourself and it will be too wasteful to wash and wash it. Under these conditions, personal hygiene is already somewhat more difficult. In this case, come in handy wet wipes... You can take one large package for several people and wipe thoroughly with them on the body, hands, face and neck.

There are also antiseptic gels, they can also "wash" the face and hands.

You can take one toothpaste at all. But a toothbrush is a necessary thing. Otherwise, if you do not brush your teeth for several days, bits of food will remain between them, and the gums can become inflamed and teeth hurt. Toothache in itself is a very unpleasant thing, but there is no dentist on a hike, and you will suffer until the end of the hike or leave the route, possibly letting your comrades down.

You can cut a toothpick out of a chip and clean out the gaps between the teeth, but it is better to take one package for all or use special threads.

If you have forgotten your toothbrush, you can use an improvised brush made from a young tree twig. You need to peel the bark at the tip of a small stick, chew a little and knead this tip. The wood will delaminate and look like a brush. With such a brush, it is quite possible to brush your teeth and massage the gums.

It is advisable to have a small hand towel or microfiber napkin in one of the many pockets of the backpack. After washing in the stream on the way, you don't have to turn the entire backpack over to find the towel hidden in it.

Toilet paper should also be nearby. You should have a large handkerchief in your jacket pocket. Even if you do not use it for its intended purpose, the thing is useful and multifunctional. You can tie it on your head, wipe your face, and wipe your glasses.

The day before the hike, you should trim your fingernails and toenails. Everyone needs to take a small towel with them, preferably a waffle one. Don't forget your toothbrush. Those who like to save weight can be advised to halve the handle of the toothbrush with a hacksaw. Save 9 grams. Toothpaste one is taken for the whole group, but for the sake of saving weight, you can also take powder.

How to wash your hair on a hike

In the Khibiny, we had several days-half-days, when you can splash in the icy rivers.

Someone washed their hair with dry shampoo - you boil a pot over a fire (or saved gas), dilute and cool. You can also plunge into icy lakes and streams, but this is more for health than for cleanliness. Individual parts of the body can be easily washed in the stream. And surprisingly, at home, when brushing your teeth, water pours and pours, and a 7-degree rinse is enough for two sips.

It is difficult to wash your hands before eating - you climbed into the tent, just warmed up and changed your clothes, and outside there is a stormy wind and it is very wet. For hand hygiene, someone uses wet wipes or smears their hands with a hand sanitizer. But it has such an unpleasant chemical smell that sometimes it is better to spit and wipe it off with all-cleaning toilet paper.

By the way, do you know how to wash dishes with almost no water?
Toilet paper!

You rub it at home with a faerie sponge under hot water, but it doesn't wash off, but here is a drop of a freshly melted glacier - voila! And why pay more?

- I do not like the white finish not thermal underwear, it will soon get dirty
- So this is an indicator that it's time to wash!
- Can you wash it while hiking?

It is possible, as much as possible and even necessary. Dirty things are not only ugly and unpleasant, they heat worse and bring a lot of troubles to the skin.

Erase on a hike as usual laundry soap, one for the whole group, in turn. But the soft water from mountain streams (without salts) washes out soap very badly, you will have to try.

You can stuff stones into your socks or crush your pants with stones and throw them to the bottom in a place of rather big current. Risky, but in an hour everything will be clean and fresh. For a long time, but he does not reduce his hands.

Good tone is to wash socks every night,
and panties and T-shirts - every 2-4 days.

Drying in field conditions

In the Khibiny, the humidity is high and do not expect that the laundry will dry quickly. For example, you have three pairs of socks. One pair is on you, the other dries, and the third is spare.

Options for drying clothes on a hike:

1. Best to dry in the breeze in the sun - warm and fun. Or just in the wind, on the branches. Don't forget to dry your clothes in the parking lot!
2. You can string socks on sticks and put them near the fire.
3. V rainy weather you can hang clothes on the tent so that it falls on the sleeping person's face or someone constantly pokes his nose into someone else's wet socks. Minus - small things are easy to lose in a pile of junk.
4. The fourth option is to place damp clothing between the layers of the tent. If it does not freeze to the outer layer, it will get wet from condensation, or worse, fall to the ground. That's why this way for non-urgent drying of things when it is raining outside.
5. You can also dry raw in a tent. On the sleeping bag. But do not get carried away, sleeping bags do not like this. And for downy sleeping bags, contacts with wet linen are completely contraindicated.
6. Or on yourself, if you need to dry urgently. Put it on, climbed into the sleeping bag and lay there - drying yourself. You warm, the sleeping bag absorbs, the cold creeps up ...
7. Well, little things can be attached to a backpack, let the rain drip on them, scratch branches, dust flies, and socks are so cool to be lost. It is also an option.

Do not dry your boots near the fire.
The melting temperature of some shoe adhesives is 60-80 degrees.

Feminine hygiene

Girls are very fond of hiking. They are generally loved, but especially in the mountains. "Can you imagine two tents of men? Do you understand now why we walk 50/50?" Girls are funny twitter and delicious food, but also certain difficulties.

They are always cold, where the guy is fine - the girls are cold. Therefore, the guys in the tent are located at the wall, dress their girls on the passes with additional warm jackets... Cold is one thing, you can tolerate it, but harm to health is quite another. "Once we slept on a glacier ... two foam, a normal sleeping bag, a puff on top ... I don't want to anymore. I think if a girl plans to have children in the future, she doesn't need to sleep on ice."

Girls love cleanliness. With them, hanging not washed, but damp with sweat socks around the tent is somehow not comme il faut. Girls try to wash at every opportunity, especially their heads. At least, so as not to itch. Warming water in a pot over a fire, or not warming, as luck would have it.

Also, the weaker sex spends a lot of time on pigtails ... And this is not even for beauty, just hair straying out from the wind interferes with the view of the most beautiful views.

They also get tired. Tough, sad and sad. They are brought to lighten their backpacks or even drag the last meters to a halt. In general, there is little that beats the ease when you take off your backpack in the mountains. Wings immediately grow and you are ready to go as much more! Until you put it on again.

But besides all this, girls have other, hidden difficulties.

It is important for beginners to know that in the first days of menstruation, girls unload their backpack. In first-aid kits, both general and personal, there are several types of pain relieving and antispasmodic pills. And if it's very bad, they do a day or half day. And this is important.

As for hygiene, there is a simple and ingenious solution - mountain rivers and streams. Yes, the water is cold there, but it's better than if it wasn't there.

Well, a mountain of pads, wet and dry wipes takes up a lot of space in a backpack. And all the burning garbage can be burned at the first halt, where there will be fuel. And everything's good.

If you follow all the rules of operation, your girl will come to the end safe and sound!

Enjoy your hikes everyone!

Once I happened to go on a hiking trip to the mountains. We were backpackers, that is, with backpacks, tents and other paraphernalia.
Of course, beautiful landscapes, food cooked on a fire, unforgettable emotions, impressions, a bunch of photos, a breathtaking view were worth all the "sacrifices" in the form of a lack of shower / bath and a soft feather bed, a heavy backpack and no less difficult journey.
However, on the hike, we girls (me, my sister and aunt) wanted to look proper. So now I would like to tell you how we tidied up our hair in the so-called "Spartan" conditions.
Firstly, no one canceled combing the hair before washing it, so I have not changed my long-term habit. Of course, pamper yourself with any home mask it didn't work out in such conditions, but, as I said, I first made sure that it would be easier to comb the hair later.
Secondly, the washing itself.
To do this, I (for my waist-length hair) needed 2 liters of water. We had three 1.5 liter bottles, so one whole bottle and 1/3 of the second bottle was enough for me.
We did this: we heated the water from the spring in a kettle, after which we poured each bottle ¼ with the hot water obtained and then topped it up to the top cold water from the spring. The temperature was quite comfortable.
I had to wash my hair head down, then it was unusual for me, but I did it. My sister helped me: at first she wetted my hair a little with a little water, and then I began to foam the shampoo on my hair. After that, the rest of the water was used to wash off the shampoo foam from the hair.
It seems to me that the help of someone else is needed here just because it will allow you to use water economically, from the side it is more convenient to hold the bottle at an angle, regulate and make sure that the water flows onto your hair, and not onto the ground. It will be convenient for you to rinse the shampoo from your hair with both free hands (and to lather it too).
Now I had to dry my hair. Well, everything is nowhere easier: we did not have dry towels ( morning dew did my job) so we just wrung out our hair with our hands and went into the sun to do exercises and start picking blueberries. During these procedures, I periodically tried to detangle the hair with my hands a little bit, so that later it would be easier to comb it.
When my hair was almost dry, I took out an indelible oil (Yes, I took it on a hike! I don't know why, but I threw it into my backpack automatically) and used it as usual: I applied it to the ends and a little higher.
When we ate and got ready for the journey, the hair had to be collected, since in the mountains it is necessary to wear a headdress. And I decided to make a bun, for some reason it seemed to me that this would make my hair a little wavy (by nature, my hair is straight) and it will look good in photographs.
The result was this, did it turn out in the photo, as I expected, for you to judge:

And this is how the hair looked the next day (I also kept my hair in a loose bun most of the time):

Finally, I would like to give a few recommendations from myself:
-Take a very small bottle of shampoo (as many "portions" as you need to wash your hair) - there is no need for an extra load in a backpack on a hike
-take better shampoo with SLS content, as it foams easily and is easy to wash off
-if your hair absolutely cannot do without a conditioner, it is better to pour a little oil (serum, spray) into a small container, and not like me, carry an extra 100 ml
- if you do not want your hair to burn out, be sure to hide your hair UNDER the headdress, it is also advisable to remove the bangs, temporal strands and locks at the neck (all the hair that frames the face) so that they do not interfere with you, since you will constantly sweat on the way and endlessly straightening your hair will be inconvenient or maybe impossible