A rare woman does not have amber jewelry in her jewelry box. This is not surprising: the warm sun stone has fascinated with its beauty for centuries. The variety of shades of amber is so great that there is no need to combine it with other gems and precious stones, because you can always pick up a suitable stone in color and shape among amber drops and fragments. Moreover, its color and shape directly depends on the variety and place of extraction.
Let's try to figure out what types of amber are and which amber is most valued.
Amber deposits are located in areas where coniferous forests grew millions of years ago, because amber is nothing more than petrified resin. The only exception is Dominican blue amber, formed from hardwood trees.
The richest region is considered to be the Baltics, because up to 90% of all amber in the world is mined from Baltic Sea.
At the same time, the leader in terms of reserves is considered the village of Yantarny in the Kaliningrad region - about 80% of the world's amber reserves are concentrated here.
The second largest deposit is located on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, but amber is also mined in China, Japan, and occasionally found in Siberia, Portugal, Spain and other countries.
Scientists and jewelers divide all Baltic amber into six types, half of which are of no value in jewelry.
1. The most common variety is calledsuccinitefrom the name of the pine Pinus succinieferra, thanks to which we today have stones of incomparable beauty. Succinite is not only more common in mining, but also covers 98% of the amber market. However, there is no reason to be surprised: extraordinary beauty and the expressiveness of this grade of amber has since ancient times won the hearts of people; it was not for nothing that the Roman emperor Nero sent trade expeditions for a beautiful stone.
2. A close "relative" of succinite isgedanite- amber, descended from the same pine, but covered with colorless oxides. In another way, gedanite is called swamp or rotten amber: this is due to its nondescript dirty yellow or earthy color... Gedanite is more fragile than succinite, so it breaks more easily when drilling and carving - because of this, its share does not exceed 2% of all mined amber. But despite its fragility and unpresentability, after high-quality processing, bog amber is outwardly almost indistinguishable from succinite.
3. Stanthienite- the rarest type of amber, so valuable that even Carl Faberge used its fragments to create his jewelry masterpieces. Stanthienite is especially fragile, making it difficult to get it intact. And he himself is rarely found, since this stone is born when the resin gets into an environment rich in iron. Due to iron oxides, stanthienite acquires dark color, due to which it is called black amber.
The rest of the Baltic amber varieties are inexpressive and have no value for jewelers. Brown and soft bockerite, glessite contaminated with impurities and greenish soft "immature" crancite - all of them are mined in very small quantities and are not particularly interesting as decorations.
However, sometimes fromgreen crancite
very original and beautiful products are obtained.
We have already noted that almost all the amber from which jewelry is made is mined in the Baltic Sea, and almost all of it is succinite. But succinite can also be different: transparent and cloudy, light and deep brown, with or without streaks. All this varied splendor is also divided into several groups for convenience.
The most common in jewelry amber is succinite variety "batter"
- transparent, beautiful yellow tone, possibly with defects or inclusions. This stone is highly regarded for its transparency and good polishing ability, after which the stone becomes even more beautiful. It is the shade of batter that is meant when they talk about the "amber color".
Another fairly widespread amber is the bastard variety.
... Such amber is only half transparent and looks like candied honey. Amber loses its transparency at the stage of formation: miniature air bubbles (their number can reach 6,000 per cubic centimeter) are captured by viscous resin - that is why a stone with curly stains is subsequently obtained.
Even less transparent is the so-called smoky amber or "flom"
... Amber of this variety is valued more, as it looks very interesting, due to the large amount of air suspension. A variation of this type islandscape amber
completely opaque and covered in beautiful soft streaks. In jewelry craft this sort belongs to the most demanded gems - and all because of its magnificence.
The most valuable of all types is consideredivory knoken amber
(otherwise it is called"Bone amber"
). Of course, the stone only seems milky - in fact, it is yellow amber, but very densely filled with microscopic bubbles. In one cubic centimeter, the number of bubbles reaches a million, that is, this species is half composed of gas, which "whitens" the yellowness. Such a stone looks really royally.
How to distinguish amber from a fake? Here are seven easy ways
V modern conditions forging amber is quite simple even at home. For creating artificial stones plastics, glass are used, epoxy resin, pressed crumbs of natural amber and young resins, not completely petrified (the most common one is called "copal"). How do you know what you have in your hands - a valuable amber or a cheap fake? This can be done with a few simple tricks.
1.The first thing to remember isnatural amber weighs very little
, therefore, even bulky bracelets or beads will be light, while surrogates have a very significant weight.
2.
Real amber cannot be monochromatic, it always differs in color and saturation
as this stone has been forming for many years as the resin has flowed layer by layer. Due to these layers, amber shimmers in the sun, so if you are offered a stone that does not play in the light, then this is an imitation. You also need to remember that natural amber does not and cannot have any sparkles - they are all added artificially.
3. Another way to check the naturalness of amber without damaging the stone is to rub it on a piece of wool.Natural amber is immediately electrified
and will attract pieces of paper and hair. Only one type of counterfeit has this property: plastic products, but they are easy to identify by their heavy weight.
4.
Real amber cannot be scratched with a fingernail
, only a sharp needle can leave a mark on the stone. But making a mark with a fingernail on a copal is quite simple. On the other hand, the nail will not leave a mark on the plastic either. In this case, you need to look at the nature of the scratch: an even mark will remain on the plastic, while chips and cracks will be clearly visible on the amber. This is due to the fact that amber can only crumble, but not come off with even shavings. The glass surrogate will not be scratched at all by the needle.
5.
Amber is not afraid of acetone, alcohol and other solvents
, therefore, a drop of such a substance will not leave the slightest trace on the natural stone, but on the imitation the color will necessarily change, a mark or drip will appear.
6. Rimless amber products can be placed in saline solution: To prepare it in a glass of water, you need to dilute 3 tablespoons of salt. The low density of amber will not allow it to sink to the bottom, which will cause the stone to remain on the surface.
7. The smell will also help to identify a fake, but for this the product will have to suffer a little. Heat the needle and attach to the stone:amber will smell like wood
, and plastic or digging - sharp unpleasant odor... In addition, amber will melt much more slowly.
As you can see, it is quite simple even for a non-specialist to determine a trifle in front of you or a valuable stone. By purchasing real amber, you get not only the most beautiful precious stone, but also a wonderful talisman, because each piece contains the energy of millions of years of life on our Earth.
Where to buy jewelry made from natural Baltic amber?
On our site there is a large selection of unusually beautiful designer beads, necklaces, bracelets, pendants, earrings made of real amber purchased at a factory in Kaliningrad. All these products are made to order by hand, so you will have to wait for delivery, but it will be worth it - you will have a unique piece of jewelry self made with a real amazing stone, which is rightfully called the gold of the Baltic.The amber stone is also called the "Gold of the Baltic" or Baltic amber, because the largest amber deposits are located on the coast of the Baltic Sea, not far from Kaliningrad, therefore the stone is also called "Kaliningrad amber".
Today we will consider the beneficial properties of amber, learn its history and how many colors of the mineral exist in nature.
Amber - stone or resin
The most beautiful sun amber is the hardened resin of ancient trees, which was formed many thousands of years ago. In nature, there are more than 350 shades of stone, from yellow, orange to green and even almost black.
The most valuable are the transparent red and white royal amber. Most often found yellow shades, for this the stone is also called "solar" amber. Red or cherry stones are called dragon blood amber and are prized in Japan and China.
Photo: amber products: earrings, necklaces
Amber stone - how colors are made
The color of this stone is ambiguous and thus interesting. Hundreds of shades and each has its own origin. White in appearance amber, not at all white, it is a yellow stone with a lot of air bubbles and moisture. Red was the result of fires that engulfed the trees, the resin heated up and changed its color. There is even blue amber, its color is obtained from the microscopic voids inside the stone, which refract light and give it color. And if you see green amber, then this color is due to the blotches of plants and soil. There is also black amber, but today it is increasingly called Gagat.
Chunks of amber are especially prized that contain traces of vital activity, such as air bubbles, lizards or insects. The largest deposits of this amazing stone are located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. The second country in terms of amber mining is the Dominican Republic, here they often find a drop-shaped stone, it got this name for its shape, reminiscent of tears.
From a physical point of view, amber is a high molecular weight compound of organic acids. Its composition is heterogeneous; impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, iron and aluminum may be present. Thanks to this, various shades of amber are achieved.
Interesting Facts: Amber is considered a healing mineral, since ancient times it was added to the elixirs of immortality. It is believed that if you put amber on your woman's chest in a dream, it will work like a serum of truth and the woman will tell about her sins and bad deeds... Martin Luther always put a piece of amber in his pocket and was sure that this would save him from kidney stones.
How amber is mined
The simplest and long-known method of obtaining amber is to collect pieces along the coast, where they are nailed by the wave, this is how the first people mined in January, later it became clear that valuable stones can be found entangled in algae, and then found at the bottom of the sea in calm weather ... To find more, the bottom was furrowed and the amber surfaced to the surface. Later, they began to dig amber, and the most modern method mining is considered to be mining.
How much is real amber
The stone attracts many, I want to have jewelry filled with warmth and magical color in my casket. But it is not always clear whether there is real amber in front of us and what should be the price for it.
The cost of amber is derived from several components:
- The size.
- Working depth than less stone lose weight and less waste, the more expensive it is.
- Inclusions and inclusions make amber more expensive.
- Appearance and form. The more effort will be spent on processing, giving an interesting shape, grinding, the more expensive the product will be.
Amber - how to distinguish a fake
Amber stone is one of the most forged in the world. For many centuries, people have been trying to pass off cheaper options for a valuable mineral. Artificial amber can be made from synthetic or natural resin, glass, modern species plastics. Of course, such a product will not have the properties natural stone, so there are a number of ways you can check if you are holding real amber:
- Real amber does not sink in salt water. Therefore, a glass of water and three tablespoons of salt can help with authentication. The main condition is that the stone should not be rimmed.
- Acetone or alcohol will dissolve the counterfeit, and real stone not notice the impact. Amber is crumbled. Can be neat sharp knife or with a scalpel, try to cut off a piece of amber. Artificial amber will curl up into shavings, and natural amber will crumble into pollen.
- Real amber will be electrified. Rub it on wool or silk, and it will easily attract pieces of paper, hair.
- The stone can be set on fire (in an inconspicuous place, of course). Natural amber will publish nice smell incense or rosin, the plastic will smell unpleasant.
- A low price is a sign of a fake. Natural amber will always be worth money.
- Inclusions in the stone. But here you need to be careful, insects or lizards should be in such positions that they would try to save their lives, slowly sinking into the resin. If the inclusions are evenly spread out, symmetrical, then this is a clear sign of a fake.
- The fluorescent light will easily detect a fake. Real amber will glow with a blue light, but artificial amber will not.
Amber stone - magical properties
Amber is rightfully considered a magic stone, it is a symbol of joy and happiness, health and longevity. Warm to the touch, pleasant to the touch. It is believed that it has strong healing and magical properties... Thousands of years ago, it was already considered a talisman and amulet. It brings joy, confidence and helps in creativity, brings good luck. This power is attributed to the stone due to its woody origin. Amber is a talisman for pregnant women, it is believed that it helps to preserve the fetus and easy childbirth. expectant mother... And then it helps the child to develop a kind and flexible character.
Amber was also used in religion, setting it on fire, you can feel a pleasant aroma - incense, it was used to fumigate newborns and people entering into marriage. This promised them a long and happy life... And evil spirits are afraid of the raw sunstone.
Amber products at home will bring joy and peace. Since ancient times, it has been believed that there are no such ailments that amber is not able to cure. Amber beads help to cure sore throat, headache, and dental pain faster. Amber beads and bracelets are used for depression and ailments. Amber stone has bactericidal properties. Amber powder is added to medicinal preparations, and amber tincture is used to treat the respiratory tract and throat, and for colds. Amber contains iodine, so it is recommended to wear it in beads for thyroid diseases. The mineral helps with varicose veins, reduces pain caused by magnetic storms and has beneficial effects on joints. Beneficial features amber can be listed for a long time, but the easiest way is to put on a product made of it and feel the natural power of the stone.
Watch a video about amber:
Amber mining in Russia
Interesting video about amber:
Amber is the most beautiful stone, useful, magical. There are so many jewelry now: beads, earrings with amber, bracelets, brooches. Choose a product to your liking, the main thing is, first, do not forget to check the real amber or a fake in your hands.
In the rays of the sun, amber glows softly and feels warm to the touch. The stone is very fragile and easily breaks when dropped, at the same time it is plastic. Amber melts at 350 degrees and emits a pleasant aroma when burned.
Today scientists have proved that amber is a modified resin of trees of the Tertiary period (the beginning of the period occurred 65 million years ago, duration is about 63 million years). In this period, approximately 45 - 50 million years ago, the Earth experienced a warming and humidification of the climate. Therefore, some trees began to give off resin, especially pine trees. Resin solidified on the ground accumulated in the soil, and the rivers gradually carried away its solidified pieces.
Basically, the color of amber is from white to dark brown. However, there are minerals of blue, green, red.
The chemical formula of amber is C10H16O + (H2S), where carbon is about 79%, oxygen is 10% and hydrogen is 11%. It contains ash, sulfur and numerous impurities.
- Density - 1.05 - 1.3 g / cm3;
- Fracture - viscous, conch-like;
- Hardness - 2.1 - 2.5 units;
- Pleochroism - absent;
- No cleavage.
In nature, there are transparent, translucent, opaque stones.
Gloss - wax, resinous.
Amber is quite fragile.
In nature, amber is found in the form of pieces of various sizes and shapes. Inside the stone, you can see blotches in the form of insects or plants, and outside they can be unremarkable and covered with a weathering crust.
Most stones are found to be opaque. Due to small voids, bubbles and liquids, microcracks occur in them. Only the highest quality, largest and most uncontaminated specimens are suitable for jewelry. Most of the mined amber is used for industrial needs. From small stones and the waste is compressed amber.
Sunstone is well polished. Amber is flammable and can ignite from a match. There is one more property that amber possesses - electrification during friction. Electrified amber can attract small and light objects such as fluff, straw, etc. called it an electron.
There are several types of amber:
1. Succinite(Baltic amber) is the most famous and widespread variety, accounting for up to 98% of the amber on the market. The rest of the resins are considered amber-like, but they are no less beautiful.
2. Glessit- opaque amber with a brown tint.
3. Bockerite- opaque and elastic amber with a dark color.
4. Gedanite- waxy yellow amber.
5. Stanthienite- amber of black color, rather fragile variety.
Amber differs in shape, color and transparency. The sizes of pieces and pieces of amber are from 1 mm to several kilograms, the most common are 0.2 - 0.3 kg. The more turbid the stone, the lower its cost.
Baltic amber is divided into grades:
Batter (transparent), smoky (translucent), cloudy (translucent in thin chips), bone (white, ivory-like), red (opaque), layered (white), foamy (porous and lightest, resembling frozen foam in color) , dirty (gray to black) and overburden (red, with a thick oxidation crust).
Amber with inclusions (inclusions from the remains of insects, plants, bark, needles) had a special value at all times. Such inclusions of fauna and flora are of great interest to scientists. In Chiapas, Mexico, the Hidden Stone Museum contains about 10,000 specimens with inclusions.
Colors and shades of amber
Nature has endowed amber with a huge wealth of colors. Amber specialists have about 350 shades. There are unique finds in which almost all the colors of the rainbow are found. The usual colors are orange, honey-yellow, golden with reflections of the sun's rays. There are stones of white, yellow, blue, red and almost black color.
Stones of the color of thick tea with a cherry tint are very much appreciated. And in Sicily, emerald green, bluish and even purple amber is mined. Blue amber is very rare. It is harder than other types of amber, difficult to process, and its cost is very high.
In Japan, striped amber is found, it looks like agate. The whole range of colors is due to the origin of amber and impurities in it.
As you can see, each grade of amber has a specific color and transparency.
Amber with blue hues
Amber deposits
The palm tree in terms of the wealth of the sun stone belongs to the Baltic coast. Some of the highest quality and finest stones are mined here, and in large quantities. The main exporters of amber are Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland. Amber is mined in Burma, France, Germany, Holland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Sicily. There are also other deposits.
The largest pieces from 5 to 15 kg were found off the coast of the Baltic Sea. According to rough estimates of specialists in Kaliningrad, in the village of Yantarny, up to 80% of the world's amber wealth is concentrated. The second largest field is in Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula. Amber is found in China, Japan. Sometimes the sun stone is found in Siberia, Kamchatka, Finland, Portugal, Spain and some other countries.
Medicinal properties amber
For a long time it was believed that amber heals almost all diseases. Lithotherapists still actively use amber in medical practice. It helps with angina, headache, improves cardiac activity, softens the effects of magnetic storms.
The stone has a beneficial effect on the entire body as a whole, helping with joint diseases, varicose veins and even with various neoplasms, including malignant ones. Amber is a stone of organic origin, which is probably why it can fight many diseases.
It has long been known that it is useful to wear amber beads in case of thyroid disease. Amber contains iodine, which is essential for the normal functioning of the gland. It also contains other elements useful for the body, for example, iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, as well as salts of succinic acid, which have a beneficial effect on metabolism and digestive system.
Amber - Magical properties
Looking at the sun stone, it is not at all difficult to guess what magical properties people have endowed it with since antiquity. Amber is considered a symbol of happiness and health. It is already clear that the radiant stone has a beneficial effect on health. But since ancient times it was also used as a talisman, moreover, a powerful one, believing that it will bring good luck, joy and peace to the house. , amber gives off a pleasant smell when burned.
Amber and the signs of the zodiac in astrology
Amber gives warmth and sunshine to everyone, but it is considered the stone of Leo. It is this zodiac sign that can expect a lot from amber. The stone will give its owner both energy, and achievement of success, and power.
For Leo, an amulet with amber is a reliable protection from ill-wishers. Actually, amber is supportive to everyone. He generously shares the energy accumulated over the centuries. Sunstone accepts any setting: gold, silver, platinum. Amber combines well with other minerals.
The appearance of the stone is quite bright, so you should not be too zealous, putting on a lot of amber jewelry. The stone is beautiful, exquisite and almost never goes out of style.
By chemical composition amber is a mixture of hydrocarbons, resins, succinic acid and oils. Global warming has led to an increase in the volume of resin secreted by coniferous plants and a decrease in its viscosity. Hundreds of years after that, the dead wood began to decompose, and the soluble parts of its composition were washed out with water. Then the fossilization process ended, the sap was covered with young deposits - and this is how amber arose.
Amber has numerous names that characterize individual varieties, for example: blanker - yellow and white, highly luminous; Ferenc - reddish, brittle, with a cracked surface; bastard - cloudy, containing inclusions of plant or animal origin, air bubbles; knoh - white, hard, opaque; slux or klar - yellowish, transparent, hard, used for making beads; daudi - cloudy due to the inclusion of numerous bubbles, etc.
There are about 250 types of amber. It has no less shades than colors in the spectrum - there are watery-transparent "icy" stones, whitish-matte "bone", greenish, cherry-red, silvery, black ...
If there are a lot of air bubbles inside the resin, it becomes foamy white in color.
Some stones contain "inclusion" - an insect or part of a plant that got into the resin mass in fossil times. Such amber has always had a special value: at the beginning of our era, Phoenician merchants paid for amber with a fly with dozens of daggers and swords, and in the 19th century they were especially fashionable in France and Russia.
In comments antigona88 recalled the beautiful: I remembered Sherlock Holmes: "I wish I knew how many shanks made of real amber are found in London! Others think that a fly is a sign. A whole industry has emerged, you know, to introduce a fake fly into fake amber."
Color and transparency have always been the standard of stone value, and different peoples preferred different kinds amber. So, in ancient Rome, white and wax amber was burned like incense, red amber was of jewelry value, and the emperor Nero loved only black amber. The Roman thinker Pliny the Elder wrote that a small amber figurine was valued by his contemporaries more than a healthy young slave. In general, Amber has been known since the Neolithic period. In ancient burials and at the sites of primitive people, archaeologists often find battle amulets and various decorations from this mineral. In some tribes, pieces of amber even served as money.
The peak of the stone's popularity fell on the 17th-18th centuries. This period also includes the emergence of a new method of processing and using the mineral. The amber plates were interconnected using frameless technology, which made it possible to create large sculptures, massive vases, decorative vessels and candlesticks.
The craftsmen of that time applied all their skills to the construction of the Amber Room. Executed by Goffin Tussaud and Ernest Schacht on the order of Friedrich Wilhelm I, the "amber room" from 1709 adorned one of the premises of the Berlin palace. In 1717 it was presented to Peter I and was in St. Petersburg until 1755, when, by order of Elizabeth Petrovna, it was collected and transferred to Tsarskoe Selo, where it became a wonderful decoration of one of the halls of the Catherine Palace. The amber decoration covering the 55 square meter walls consisted of numerous bas-reliefs with biblical scenes, coats of arms, cartouches, medallions, picture frames and carved amber mirrors. The room was also decorated with picturesque shades and statues of ancient Greek goddesses.
The oldest amber was most likely found in Myanmar. This is the fossilized resin of tropical angiosperms that grew rapidly in those places during the Eocene, that is, about 50 million years ago. Baltic amber is much younger, it was formed from the resin of Pinus Succifinera, a pine species that grew during the Oligocene, 34 - 23 million years ago. Amber, which is mined in the Dominican Republic, dates back to about the same period.
In addition to jewelry amber is used to make cufflinks, mouthpieces, rosary, candlesticks, chess, cups, bowls and figurines; it is also used in mosaic art.
Chess.
Mouthpiece - amber, gilded bronze. Made at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Mouthpiece 1900-1920
Mouthpiece in case. The beginning of the twentieth century. The mouthpiece is made of amber.
Before the invention of magnifying glasses, amber was used to make magnifiers, glasses for spectacles, lenses for microscopes. The famous masters Amati and Stradivari covered instruments with amber varnish. Amber oil is used today in foundry and mining, to protect wood from decay. Strong and shiny varnishes are obtained from amber rosin, which are used to cover furniture, wires, floors, musical instruments... Amber is used as an insulator in the electrical industry and instrument making; it is used for making medical instruments. In addition to pharmaceuticals, succinic acid is also used in perfumery, photography and agriculture.
Interestingly, despite the fact that amber is considered the petrified resin of coniferous trees, not a single needle of coniferous plants has yet been found in a single piece of amber. Scientists cannot explain this phenomenon.
A little more information from the comments ...
Here is the pressed amber:
here are pieces of colored amber mixed in white resin:
And such beads are obtained by mixing pieces of amber of different colors with a special resin, in in this case- black:
I found these works here, at the Fair of Masters: http://www.livemaster.ru/frollena
Here I also learned that there are three main types of amber processing.
The first and most important operation in processing amber is its clarification.
LIGHTING - a mode in which moisture is evaporated from amber in an autoclave and it becomes denser, becomes more transparent and less fragile.
For clarification, amber is placed in an autoclave, where it is kept for 15-16 hours under pressure in an inert gas at a temperature of about 250 ° C. At the same time, about 5-10% of water is evaporated from amber. (An autoclave is an apparatus for carrying out various processes under heating and under pressure, above atmospheric).
Such an operation is necessary so that the amber becomes denser and does not crack during drilling. Although, of course, even after clarification, amber does not acquire the properties of granite.
For example, to make beads, beads are always drilled on both sides. Otherwise, the bead simply cracks when the drill comes out from the opposite end. Also, amber becomes viscous when drilled. Amber melted from drilling sticks to a drill rotating at a high speed and increases the temperature of the stone. As a result, due to the temperature difference in a piece of stone, cracks can also form. Oh, and a capricious pebble….
But what is interesting, because there were no autoclaves before, and the masters always carried out the clarification of amber. Amber was clarified by boiling it in honey or oil. Amber is a porous material and when boiled, the pores were filled with oil or honey, which displaced air and evaporated water, making the cloudy amber transparent, with a golden or reddish tint.
After clarification, amber is calcined (this stage is sometimes skipped).
There are air bubbles inside the stones, even if they are not visible to the naked eye, and in the autoclave they burst and form cracks that diverge beautiful discs in different directions, which makes the amber sparkling and sparkling.
SHELLING or HEATING is a mode in an autoclave, during which micro-explosions of air bubbles appear and beautiful solar discs, which are called "husks", "sparks" or "lenses", appear in amber.
This process can only be carried out in an autoclave. Amber color does not change in this mode.
Well, the third stage of processing amber is heating.
HEATING - a mode of bringing the temperature to 100-250 degrees, at which the color of amber changes from lemon yellow to darker ones - wine, cognac, dark cherry. The color depends on the temperature and heating time.
If you heat hot amber, you get dark stones with sparks. And if you skip the heating process, the stones will darken, but remain transparent. Although, with prolonged heating, sparks can also appear, however, in much smaller quantities.
But you should not be zealous in this matter, you can easily burn amber. In ancient times, they often just stoked stoves ... And it burned well, and warmed up for a long time, and the smell gave a pleasant one.
Amber is heated only after clarification, otherwise the amber swells and cracks.
All operations, except heating, are carried out without air access (in vacuum, or in an inert gas).
Further actions depend only on the skill and imagination of the person working with amber.
For some reason, I always thought that heated amber (the one that has a darker color) has a color in its entire depth. But I was wrong. Amber, gradually warming up, and the color gets gradually, but superficially. Only the outer surface of the stone acquires color from heating, by about 0.1-0.2 mm, and inside it will remain the same transparent-light as it was before heating.
Recently, amber began to be cut, i.e. to give a free-form stone smooth polished surfaces and edges.
The sequence and order of the subsequent processing of amber helps to achieve different effects at the output.
Well, for example.
If the amber is first cut and then heated to a dark color, then the stone will turn out to be shiny, with many facets, transparent and uniformly dark on all sides. And exactly the color to which it will be heated.
But if you first heat the clarified amber, and only then cut it, but not all, but partially, then together with the removed layers of amber, the dark color will also go away from heating. That is, the faceted part of the stone will become lighter than its uncut half.
One of the most beautiful colors in the ginger palette is amber. Most colorists classify this fiery color as a yellow shade.
If you look at it, amber is a yellow stone. It is also called the "Gift of the Sun", all because this stone has a very beautiful sparkling structure, which seems to radiate heat.
Today there are many shades of amber. These include dark amber and copper amber colors and many others. For this reason, in this article we will talk about how the amber color of hair should look like, and to whom it suits.
Amber hair color: photo
In these photos you can see the entire palette of amber shades:
Most girls prefer amber hair, because this color fills the hair with warmth and softness, in addition, this shade of hair is quite natural. And the most important thing is that hair of this color looks very beautiful and emits a lot of sun.
How amber hair is made
The easiest way to get this shade is to dye your hair. Moreover, if you naturally own light brown hair, experts recommend not to use dyes containing chemistry, it is better to tint with a tonic on natural basis or one that does not penetrate deeply into the hair structure.
So, if, for example, you have natural color if the hair is light blond, then it is quite possible to limit yourself to the usual decoction of chamomile, which will give your hair a beautiful golden shine, in addition, it will heal them. You can add cinnamon powder or honey to the broth.
The easiest, and probably the most popular way to get the color you want, is of course by dyeing your hair. It makes it possible to obtain a beautiful amber-copper shade of hair and not disturb the hair structure.
There is a large selection of hair dyes. However, only hair dye from Loreal offers a rich assortment of shades of this color:
- Amber light brown;
- Honey amber;
- Sandalwood;
- Intense auburn amber.
Very often, the color of amber is used in hair coloring. This color can easily be mistaken for a basic color, as it makes it possible to create a natural look. In the company of amber, colorists advise to select shades of milk or dark chocolate, brown, red and red colors.
This shade looks great with highlights, and gives the impression of natural, sun-bleached hair.
Shades of amber
There are so many different shades of this color, and now we will consider the brightest of them.
Amber sunny
This hair shade is light yellow with a brilliant sheen. In other words, it is amber blond. The light amber shade of curls looks irresistible on girls with a sandy skin tone or with tanned skin. Eyes ideal for this shade are light, tea, hazel or dark green.
Dark amber
Amber-brown hair color looks very beautiful and natural. It is a very rich shade that helps to create a natural look. Most women give their preference to him.
This amber shade has a characteristic sunny golden note that plays very nicely in the sun. This shade is the perfect solution for girls with olive skin and green eyes.
Who suits such a shade in general
Amber hair will be the ideal solution for girls with fair or dark skin and bright brown, blue or green eyes.
Such a warm color of curls is mainly suitable for girls of a warm, summer color type.
This is the most beautiful and unique color, which, depending on the initial hair color, turns out to be completely unique. The most important thing is that the original shade of the hair is not too dark, as then nothing may work out.