The origins of children's abilities and talents
are at the ends are at the fingertips.
V. A. Sukhomlinsky

The movements of the fingers and hands of the child have a special, developing effect. The influence of manual (manual) influences on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC. In China, experts say that hand games bring the body and mind into a harmonious relationship and keep the brain systems in excellent condition. In China, palm exercises with stone and metal balls are common. Walnut palm exercises are widely used in Japan. Studies by Russian physiologists confirm the connection between the hand and the development of the brain. The works of V.M.Bekhterev proved the influence of hand manipulations on the functions of higher nervous activity, the development of speech. Simple hand movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve mental fatigue. They are able to improve the pronunciation of sounds, and therefore develop the child's speech. Research by MM Koltsova proved that each finger has a representation in the cerebral cortex. She notes that there is every reason to consider the hand as an organ of speech - the same as an articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the projection of the hand is another speech zone. The development of fine movements of the fingers precedes the appearance of articulation of syllables. Thanks to the development of the fingers, a projection of the "circuit human body", and speech reactions are in direct proportion to the fitness of the fingers.


This training should be started from a very early age, because infant in the very initial period of life, motor skills are the first and only aspect of development that is accessible to objective observation. Normal motor development is indicative of normal child development.

Specialists from the Institute. G. I. Turner is recommended to start work on the development of a motorboat from 2 months. At this age, they recommend the following exercises:
- pull the baby's fingers, as if you want to pull them out; movements should be very light and gentle;
- carry out circular movements with each finger separately, first in one direction and then in the other direction.

It is also very good to use mini-trainers. As such simulators, you can use "furry" latex balls (they are sold in pet stores). Up to three months, put small balls 3-4 cm in diameter in the baby's palms. When the child falls asleep, squeezing these balls, then his hands keep the correct shape.

At 4-5 months, use large balls for massage. The massage is also changing: holding the child's hands in your hands, you need to squeeze the ball between his palms and twist.

At 5-6 months, it is good to use to strengthen the muscles of the palms combing exercise: take turns raising the baby's hands up and smoothly move them along the head back and forth. When performing this exercise, the muscles of the shoulder girdle, palms, and fingers work. At the same age, we move on to massage the hands, massaging each finger, each phalanx. We knead daily for 2-3 minutes.

At 6-7 months, we add rolling to the previously performed exercises walnut on the palm of the child (circular motion) for 3-4 minutes.

At 8-10 months, we begin to carry out active exercises for the fingers, involving in movement more fingers, we carry out exercises with a good amplitude. The well-known exercises created by the talent of our folk pedagogy are well trained by the movements of the fingers: "Ladushki", "Magpie - white-sided", "Horned goat".

Exercise "Duckling"
Give the child a squeaky toy. When the adult recites the text, the child squeezes and unclenches the duckling toy clutched in his hand.
You duckling are not food
You'd better look for mom.

For this exercise, you can use other toys (kitten, chicken), changing the text of the poem.

Exercise "Pussy"
The child, first with one hand, and then with the other, makes relaxing movements that imitate stroking movements.
Pussy, sissy, sissy! -
Called a kitten ... (name of your child)
Don't rush home, wait! -
And she stroked her hand.

At 10-12 months, invite your child to disassemble and assemble the pyramid without taking into account the size of the rings. At this age, start teaching your child to hold a spoon, cup, pencil. Start learning to draw "doodles".

Milestones in the development of hand motor skills

8-12 months: the child takes a small object with 2 fingers (the tip of the thumb and forefinger) - a precise "tweezers grip".

8-13 months: the child separates objects under visual control.

10-12 months: The baby holds a toy with one hand and plays with it with the other.

10-13 months: the child repeats actions with objects after adults (pushes a toy car, brings the telephone receiver to his ear).

11-14 months: The child tries to draw "doodles".

12-18 months: the child turns all the pages of the book at once; holds a pencil well, knows how to hold a cup, a spoon, unfold an object wrapped in paper.

13-18 months: the child places a die on a die.

14-16 months: the child knows how to connect objects, unscrew small screw caps under visual control.

15-18 months: the child assembles the pyramid without rings.

17-20 months: the child places 3 cubes on top of each other. Turns the pages of the book one by one.

17-24 months: Baby grasps a moving object.

18-24 months: baby drops a small object into a small hole, tears the paper.

20-24 months: baby tries to stop a rolling ball; string large beads on the cord.

21-22 months: the baby pours liquid from one container to another.

22-24 months: baby places 4-6 bricks on top of each other.

Dear Parents! Finding a child lag in motor development, do not be upset and do not despair. Do finger gymnastics! The exercises that I suggest in the following articles will help you with this.

Good luck and patience with your children!

Comments on the article
Development of a child's hand from 2 months to 1 year

15.10.2005, 20:50
Natali2004

Although my son is already 1.5 years old, it was still interesting to read. Thanks! I will look forward to the next article, tk. it will certainly be relevant to me. 01.11.2006, 18:49
Elena

But my child is already 6.5 months old, but still does not allow to touch his palms. The only thing that normally reacts to is the "magpie-crow", but not for long. I do not know what to do. 20.12.2006, 21:34
Daria

Good article, easy to understand and with useful tips 02/05/2007, 07:06
Tatyana

Thank you very good article.
My daughter is 6 months old and we play with her fingers with pleasure 05/08/2007, 09:22
masha

Very good article, I hope we enjoy the exercises. 05/23/2007, 10:37 pm
Zhenya

The son does not like playing with his fingers (pulls out his hands), I do not insist. I make goodies, he holds my hands. The crow-magpie doesn't like it either, but we gladly stroke and touch all sorts of rough and thorny materials. 20.01.2008, 10:23
Elena

I have been massaging pens since birth
I learned a lot of new exercises from you
thanks 25.03.2008, 10:18
OLGA

I have been studying with children since 3 months, I like the result, my daughter is now almost 8 years old, she is an excellent student, is studying English, in general, my opinion is that early finger gymnastics played an important role. 04/07/2008, 10:49 pm
Innusik

A very useful article, my dotsya loves to iron her hair, she is 6.5 months old, but does not like the "magpie". Tomorrow morning we will begin exercises. 11.04.2008, 21:20
Anastasia

The article is great
Also, from an early age (somewhere from 1.5 months) we do finger massage. My daughter started to take toys early and play nice. She is now 10.5.
What other rhymes can you tell your child, besides the ones suggested? 09.10.2008, 17:43
Alyona

my child is 3 months old and the proposed set of exercises is very important for us, we will certainly do it. Thank you 16.10.2008, 13:49
Irina

Thank you very much for the article. We will be catching up for 10 months. 07/17/2009, 13:11
Alla

Thank you for the article. very well written. saved it to bookmarks when my daughter was 1.5 months old. it is now 7 months. periodically I look at what new exercises to do. 07/27/2009, 16:26
Mommy

What if my child doesn't let her fingers play? As soon as I take her pen in my hand, she immediately hides them behind her back. What does this mean. The child is 10 months old. 02.08.2009, 08:25
Yulkin

Thank you very much, very good article. we are almost 5 months old ... we will catch up :) 08.08.2009, 19:21
Lena wort

thanks for the article 17.11.2009, 01:16
Elena K

Super! Live and learn. I knew about it. But after reading I learned even more. Thank you. 01.11.2010, 14:33
Natali

It is interesting that the beginning of the article is copied one to one from the book by Savina " Finger gymnastics", published 5 years earlier than the article. 07.11.2010, 23:24
Oksana Sergeevna (column leader)

Natali's answer.
There is no copying of the article. I am citing material from the book for comparison.
* * *
"The movements of the fingers and hands of a child have a special developmental effect. As you remember, a newborn's hands are always clenched into fists, and if an adult puts his index fingers in the child's palms, he squeezes them tightly. The baby can even be raised a little. However, these manipulations are a child. performs at a reflex level, his actions have not yet reached high cerebral control, which subsequently allows him to consciously perform movements.

The meaning of the grasping reflex is the child's ability not to let go of the object. As the brain matures, this reflex becomes grasping and releasing. The more often the child has a grasping reflex, the more effectively the emotional and intellectual development baby. The influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC in China. Experts have argued that games with the participation of hands and fingers (such as our "White-sided Magpie" and others) lead to a harmonious relationship between body and mind, maintain brain systems in excellent condition.

Having a deal with plaster in a dream means failing in business. However, for those who are going to get married, such a dream indicates the correctness of their decision and portends love and respect from the future husband.

To break a plaster cast in a dream - to repent of your own indiscretion, which caused the accident.

Seeing in a dream a cheap little thing like a lurid figurine made of plaster is to experience disappointment in reality, having received a gift that is not at all what you would like. Seeing yourself in a dream with a plaster cast on your arm or leg - to heartfelt love and affection for pets.

Interpretation of dreams from the Dream Interpretation in alphabetical order

Dream interpretation - Gypsum

A dream in which a cast is applied to you foreshadows that you will fail in trying to take possession of the love of a person who does not reciprocate with you.

Despite the fact that the failure is present, you continue to persist, which will ultimately lead to complete failure.

Even if you can attract the attention of this person, you will not get love from him - after all, he will not communicate with you of his own free will.

If someone has a cast, it means that you often try to repeat the success of other people.

Remember, though, not everyone is born to be skillful seducers.

Interpretation of dreams from

We advise mums to use a hand-to-hand technique. Why is it worth helping a baby with your hand? Firstly, this way you will teach your child to hold the writing instruments correctly from the very beginning, and the child will not have to relearn at school. Secondly, by holding the children's pen in our hand, we can show the child drawing and writing techniques, and this greatly facilitates learning. Let's talk about the important nuances of hand-to-hand reception.

Let's stipulate right away that it is very important to sit correctly. We write and draw at a regular table, sitting the baby on our knees. Older children often want to "work" on their own, then an adult is located nearby to come to the rescue. If, nevertheless, the child agrees to sit on his knees, with one hand you need to hold him by the chest so that he does not fall on the table. This will help avoid posture problems. Make sure your baby is relaxed and that his hands are not clenched into fists. If this is not the case, play a finger game, preferably one in which the palm moves slowly and relaxed. Place the writing object in his hand in the correct way so that the child holds it (the object) in the same way as he usually does. writing pen You. Then put your baby's hand in yours and write / draw in your usual way. Maintain a calm writing pace, but do not hesitate (the slow pace of writing can make a child's pen even more tired). Do not press hard on the child's hand, otherwise he will be uncomfortable.

Very young children who have just started to sit must be supported with a hand. So that the baby is at the height of the table, you, mom, can sit cross-legged, or just hold the baby a little higher, at the level of your chest, the baby's legs may dangle a little in the air.

It is possible that the baby resists and pulls out the handle. Do not be alarmed, this is a normal desire of a little person for independence. We do not recommend that you insist on writing "hand in hand" at this moment. "Adult" children (from two and a half years old) can be shown how to hold a brush or felt-tip pen. Try to convince the child using positive words and smiling: “Look, Masha, we hold the felt-tip pen like this! That's better! Well done, you are like an adult! " With younger children, in case of protest, we simply draw correctly ourselves, describing our actions: "Here, I am holding the brush correctly!"

In the video, Varya (1.5 years old) draws with her mother using the hand-to-hand method

By the way, if your kid is left-handed, in no case insist on writing with his right hand. Usually a left-hander takes everything with his beloved left hand, and this is immediately noticeable in everyday life! If the baby is left-handed, and you are right-handed, then either write with him with your left hand, or limit yourself to demonstrating the correct position.

Believe me, if you teach your kid to hold writing objects correctly, it will greatly facilitate his life. And of course it will help you learn to write faster and more beautifully. The main thing is to remember that any skill is easier to learn with a positive attitude - both yours and your baby.

Olga Teplyakova, Polina Teplyakova.

Signs of normal child development
from 1 to 12 months

Quite often, young parents do not fully understand why a newborn examination by a neurologist is needed. Meanwhile, it allows you to timely notice the slightest deviations in the development of the baby. Only a doctor can assess the degree of maturity of the baby's nervous system, the potential of his body, the characteristics of reactions to environmental conditions, and prevent developmental disorders or their consequences. The foundations of human health or ill health are laid in the very early age, therefore, timely diagnosis and correction of existing disorders is one of the main tasks that a neurologist solves during the first examination of a newborn.

By the middle of the 1st month, and sometimes even earlier, children begin to "meaningfully" look around, stopping their gaze longer and longer at the subjects they are interested in. The first "objects" of increased attention are the faces of the closest people - mom, dad and those caring for the child. By the end of the 1st month, the child begins to quite consciously smile at the sight of loved ones, turn his head to the sound source, and briefly follow a moving object.

The newborn spends most of the day in a dream. However, those who believe that the sleeping child does not perceive the sounds of the surrounding world are mistaken. The infant reacts to harsh, loud sounds by turning his head to the source of the sound and closing his eyes. And if they were closed, then the child closes his eyelids even more, wrinkles his forehead, an expression of fear or discontent appears on his face, breathing quickens, the baby begins to cry. In families where parents constantly speak in a raised voice, children have disturbed sleep, irritability appears, and appetite worsens. The lullaby sung by the mother, on the contrary, will help the child fall asleep calmly, and the affectionate, benevolent tone adopted in the family forms in the baby a sense of security and confidence in later adult life.

At the 2nd month, the child significantly decreases the tone in the flexor muscles of the limbs and increases the tone in the extensor muscles. The baby's movements become more varied - he raises his arms, spreads them to the sides, stretches, holds the toy in his hand and pulls it into his mouth.

The kid begins to be interested in bright beautiful toys, examines them for a long time, touches and pushes them with his hands, but he still cannot grab them with his palm on his own. Lying on his stomach, and then in an upright position, the child raises his head - this is the first conscious movement that he has mastered. Soon, being in his mother's arms, he is already confidently looking around, and at first his attention is attracted by motionless objects located at a great distance. This is due to the structural features of the visual apparatus. Then the baby begins to examine closer objects, turn his head and follow the moving toy with his eyes. During this period, positive emotions prevail in children - a smile, motor animation, humming at the sight of their mother's face, in response to affectionate treatment.

At the 3rd month, the child becomes even more active, begins to roll over, first from the back to the side, and then onto the stomach, confidently holding his head. The kid really likes to lie on his stomach, while he rests on his forearms, raises his head and upper body, carefully examines the surrounding objects, toys, makes attempts to reach them. Hand movements are varied. Lying on his back, the child quickly and accurately grabs an object placed in the palm, pulls it into his mouth. He already has his own preferences - some toys delight him more than others, as a rule, these are small rattles that he can independently hold in his hand. He distinguishes between the faces and voices of his own and those of others, he understands intonation.

At 4 months, the baby improves in the ability to turn from back to stomach and from stomach to back, sits down with support by the hand. In a baby, the grasping reflex completely fades away, and it is replaced by voluntary grasping of objects. At first, when trying to pick up and hold the toy, the baby misses, grabs it with both hands, makes many unnecessary movements and even opens his mouth, but soon the movements become more precise and precise. In addition to toys, a four-month-old baby begins to feel the blanket, diapers, his body and especially his hands with his hands, which he then carefully examines, keeping in the field of vision for a long time. The meaning of this action - examining the hands - is that the child is forced to hold them in one position for a long time, which is impossible without prolonged contraction of individual muscle groups and requires a certain degree of maturity of the nervous system, visual analyzer and muscular apparatus. The kid begins to compare his tactile sensations and visually perceived images, thereby expanding his ideas about the world around him.

By the age of 5-6 months, the baby confidently takes and holds various objects that are in the field of his reach. Everything that falls into the hands of a child at this age, after feeling and examining, inexorably finds itself in the mouth. Some parents are worried and even saddened by this, as it seems to them that the baby has bad habits, from which it will be difficult to wean. But the fact is that an infant exploring the world, in addition to sight, hearing and smell familiar to an adult, actively uses touch and taste, the importance of which for the cognition process at this age can hardly be overestimated. Therefore, in no case should the child's research interest be hindered, striving for everything "to try it out." However, parents should make sure that there are no small or sharp objects nearby that could harm the baby.

When communicating with adults in 4-5 month old baby a complex of revitalization develops, which includes emotional, motor and speech reactions - a smile, energetic movements, prolonged humming with many vowel sounds.

The child turns over on its side and, leaning on the hand, sits down. Lying on his back, he quickly and accurately reaches out his hand for the toy and confidently grabs it. Speech is actively developing, the baby pronounces consonants, the syllables "ba", "ma", "yes", babbles, begins to react differently to mom, dad, relatives and strangers.

At 7-8 months, as the balance reactions develop, the baby begins independently, without support, to sit down from a position on his back and on his stomach with the help of his hands. Lying on his stomach, he rests on his forearms, his head is raised, his gaze is directed forward - this is the most optimal position for crawling, which is still carried out only with the help of the arms, on which the child is pulled forward, the legs are not involved in the movement. With the support, the baby gets to his feet and stands for a short time, and at first he can lean "on his toes", and then on a full foot. Sitting, he plays for a long time with rattles, cubes, examines them, shifting from one hand to another, changing places.

A child of this age is gradually trying to attract the attention of adults, clearly distinguishes all family members, reaches out to them, imitates their gestures, begins to understand the meaning of words addressed to him. In babbling, the intonations of pleasure and displeasure are clearly distinguished. The first reaction to strangers is often negative.

By 9-10 months of age crawling on the stomach is replaced by crawling on all fours, when the crossed arm and leg move simultaneously - this requires good coordination of movements. The kid moves around the apartment at such a speed that it is difficult to keep track of him, grabs and pulls into his mouth everything that catches his eye, including the wires of electrical appliances and the buttons of the equipment. Given the possibilities of this age, parents need to ensure the safety of the ubiquitous infant in advance. By the age of 10 months, the child gets up from a position on all fours, strongly pushing himself off the floor with his hands, stands and steps over his legs, holding on to the support with both hands. The child happily imitates the movements of adults, waves his hand, takes out of the box or collects scattered toys, takes small items with two fingers, knows the name of his favorite toys, finds them at the request of his parents, plays "okay", "magpie", "hide and seek". He repeats syllables for a long time, copies various speech intonations, expresses emotions in his voice, fulfills some of the requirements of adults, understands prohibitions, pronounces individual words - "mom", "dad", "baba".

11 and 12 months children develop independent standing and gait. The kid steps over, holding on to the furniture or railings with one hand, crouches, takes the toy, gets up again. Then he releases his hand from the barrier and begins to walk alone. At first, he walks, tilting his body forward, with legs wide apart and bent at the hip and knee joints. As the coordination reaction improves, his gait becomes more and more confident, while walking, he stops, turns, bends over the toy, while maintaining balance.

The kid learns about body parts and learns to show them at the request of adults, holds a spoon in his hand and tries to eat on his own, drinks from a cup, supporting it with both hands, nods his head as a sign of approval or denial, gladly fulfills simple instructions from his parents: find a toy, call a grandmother , bring your shoes.

As a rule, his vocabulary already contains several words. However, you should not be upset if your baby still does not pronounce individual words, since speech is one of the most difficult higher mental functions and its development is very individual. Boys usually begin to speak several months later than girls, which is associated with the peculiarities of the formation and maturation of their nervous system. Speech delay is often observed in children whose parents belong to different language groups and each communicate with the child in their own language. Members of such families are advised, in the interests of the baby, to choose a single language of communication until the child has fully mastered it, and only then teach him the second. For most children, speech in short phrases appears from a year to two, and then it becomes more complicated and improved.

Children's tourism

The hikes are carried out along the established and approved routes with the participation of an assistant educator. Before leaving, the teacher makes an appropriate entry in the registration log "On the stay of children outside the territory of the preschool educational institution."

The teacher examines the route in advance, warns children about the trip and the need for appropriate shoes and clothing.

Sports walks

Held twice a month on Fridays at the stadium, sports ground, stationary complex, on the amusement area and the like.

Awakening gymnastics

After a nap of sleep, gymnastics gradually adjusts children's organism for active productive activity. Exercises are carried out in beds with open transoms in combination with air baths. The number of exercises is 4-6 or 8-10 for 5-10 minutes.

Health week

During the Health Week (twice to three times a year), children have the opportunity to show the acquired physical culture and sports skills, physical and personal qualities.

The creative group of the pedagogical team necessarily involves parents in planning and conducting events. The week is saturated with various, often non-standard forms of work physical education and recreational and preventive activities, most of which are organized outdoors.

The main event of the Health Week can be a sports and sports or music and sports festival with the participation of all kindergarten pupils.

Ball school

During various forms of work with the ball, kids master the necessary types of movements (rolling, throwing, tossing, catching while walking, running, jumping, etc.), learn to navigate in space, to control their body.

In addition, the actions with the ball form the eye and improve the accuracy of the movements.

Small hiking trips

Organized by small hiking trips twice a year (in autumn and spring) with children of older groups with the participation of a physical instructor and parents. The hike provides for the theoretical and practical training of children, parents, educators.

Adults should know and follow the instructions for protecting the life and health of children, the rules of first aid and be able to provide it. Before the hike, you should prepare the necessary equipment, simple tourist equipment, boiled water, a first aid kit, and the like.

Working with parents

An important area in the preservation of physical and mental health children, as well as the formation of their ability to take care of their own health is close interaction kindergarten and family.

The task of kindergarten workers in organizing work with parents:

• comprehensively study the state of physical culture and health-improving work in the families of pupils, correct if necessary, carry out differentiated approach to every child and every family;
• to form parents' primary knowledge about age characteristics psychophysical development of children.

1. Provide knowledge about the safety of the baby, the main hazardous environmental factors; to familiarize the child with the safety rules of life when she is at home, on the street, in nature, on the sports ground.
2. Encourage parents to create for the child comfortable conditions Houses; compliance sanitary regulations for the care of the living quarters.
3. Develop a desire for healthy way life, the desire to be an example for your child.
4. To form the ability to take care of the health of oneself, the child and others.
5. To provide knowledge about the most common childhood diseases and their prevention; teach caring for a sick child using traditional and non-traditional techniques.
6. Form parents' ideas about organizing the correct daily routine, healthy eating children.
7. Provide theoretical and practical knowledge of hardening; encourage parents to make it an integral part of the life of all family members.
8. Teach parents to properly organize the child's active motor regime; to acquaint them with exercise complexes, sports games and exercises, outdoor games; methods of restoration of working capacity, safety rules during physical education and sports, and the like.
9. To form the ability to provide the first medical assistance in case of accident or injury.
10. To teach to control the child's posture, to carry out complexes of exercises to prevent postural disorders and flat feet.
11. Inform parents about the achievements in the psychophysical development of children; jointly develop a correction strategy for individual babies, if necessary.
12. To involve adult family members in direct participation in the physical culture and sports activities of the institution.