Hiking shoes Shoes made from high-tech membrane materials for high and medium temperatures. The membrane material of such shoes (Gore-Tex) is designed to prevent moisture from penetrating inside and allow good evaporation of steam from the inside. Shoes of this type are designed for high temperatures. The ventilation system allows moisture to evaporate freely. If it gets wet, it dries quickly. Trekking shoes Summer lightweight shoes

Shoes of this type are designed for low temperatures. The internal insulation is made of high-tech synthetic materials (Polar Tec) and can withstand temperatures down to -30 degrees. More cheap shoes, but also necessary on any hike. Its main function is to prevent moisture penetration. Shoes for low temperatures Waterproof shoes

Clothing made from high-tech membrane materials. Used to protect against wet weather. Prevents moisture penetration and removes steam well. Warm suit - 2 pcs. Storm suit - 1 piece Raincoat or waterproof suit Warm jacket or down jacket Set of underwear Socks (woolen and cotton) Minimum list of clothing

Anatomical frame backpack with a capacity of 85 liters with an adjustable back system. Used for multi-day hikes Anatomical frame backpack with a capacity of 100 liters with an adjustable back system. Used for multi-day hikes in harsh hiking conditions. Anatomical frame backpack with a capacity of 140 liters. Used for challenging multi-day expeditions in cold weather conditions.

Sleeping bags Blanket without headrest. It is usually used in the warm season. Filling: 3-layer padding polyester Blanket with headrest. It has a special synthetic filler. It is usually used in the off-season Cocoon. Has down filling. Typically used at low temperatures (up to -30 degrees)

First aid kit Contents of the first aid kit 1. Acetylsalicylic acid, table. 10, 1 pc. 2. Ammonia solution 10% (Sticks), 3 pcs. 3. Analgin tablet. 10, 2 pcs. 4. Bandage erased 5 x 10, 3 pcs. 5. The bandage was erased. 5 x 7, 3 pcs. 6. The bandage was erased. 7 x 14, 2 pcs. 7. Tubular bandage set, 1 pc. 8. Drotaverine hydrochloride table 10 (No-Shpa), 1 pc. 9. Vikair table. 10, 1 pc. 10. Cotton wool 25 g, 1 pc. 11. Tourniquet with dosed compression, 1 pc. Loperamide tablet 10, 1 pc. 13. Bactericidal adhesive plaster, different sizes and shapes, set, 1 pc. 14. Adhesive plaster on a roll, 1 pc. 15. Sterile gauze pads 10, 1 pc. 16. Nitrosorbitol table. 10, 2 pcs. 17. Bandage scissors, 1 pc. 18. Dressing bag, 2 pcs. 19. Gloves, 1 pc. 20. Corvalol 15 ml., 1 pc. 21. Hemostatic napkin with feracryl, 7 pcs. 22. Sodium sulfacyl solution 20%, 1.5 ml, 4 pcs. 23. Cooling container package, 3 pcs. 24. Iodine solution 5%, 1 pc. 25. Papazole (Raunatin) tab. 10, 2 pcs. 26. Glue BF-6, 1 pc. 27. Farmitex DLRA wipes, 5 pcs. Farmitex Gem Iac, 5 pcs. 28. Antiseptic alcohol wipes, 1 pc. 29. “Rescuer” balm, 1 pc. 30. Charcoal Activated tab. 10, 1 pc. 31. “Mouth-Barrier-Mouth” device, 1 pc. 32. Elastic bandage UNGA, 1 pc. 33. Ciprofloxacin tab. 10, 1 pc. 34. Citramon tab. 10, 1 pc. 35. Valerian extract tab 10, 1 pc. 36. Phthalazol tablet 10, 2 pcs. 37. Case, 1 pc. 38. Anti-shock set, 1 pc. 39. Composition, 1 pc. 40. Recommendations for use, 1 pc.

Repair kit A simple repair kit is needed even on a simple hiking trip. It includes: various needles, black and white threads (10), thick nylon threads, various buttons, pieces of fabric and leather, braid, ropes, shoe nails, soft, thick wire (1.52 mm in diameter), iron or copper, an awl, a file, a block for sharpening knives and axes, small pliers, insulating tape, adhesive tape, rubber glue and patches for repairing rubber boots. A universal tool is an awl-needle device, consisting of a hollow handle containing a ball of thread and a strong needle (from a shoe sewing machine), fixed in the handle (see figure). Using an awl-needle, you can sew torn straps to a backpack, repair a tent, or boots.

ABC of a tourist

Safety precautions in the everyday life of tourists.

Personal hygiene while hiking.

Personal equipment.

Group equipment.

Packing the backpack.

Tourist bivouac.

Nature conservation during hiking trips.

Meals on the hike.

Part one. Products and dishes.

Part two. Cooking on the go.

Using ropes and knots on a hike.

Tourist nodes.

Types of natural obstacles. Insurance and self-insurance

Overcoming steep slopes

Overcoming rubble, forest thickets, wetlands.

Overcoming ravines and rivers using a rope crossing.

Composition of a medical first aid kit

Providing first aid for wounds and bleeding.
Applying bandages to limbs.

First aid for fractures, bruises, dislocations.

Scuffs, diaper rash, calluses and their prevention.

First aid for bites of poisonous insects and snakes, poisoning.

First aid for burns, hypothermia, heat stroke.

Repairing equipment while hiking

Orienteering on a hike (The concept of orienteering.)

Topographical signs.

Methods of orientation.

Personal equipment.

List of personal equipment.

When going on a hike, young tourists often think about what things they might need on the hike. Of course, every tourist will think of taking a change of clothes, a sleeping bag, warm clothes, and spare shoes (even if not, their parents will definitely tell you), but useful things are often forgotten that parents who are not involved in tourism simply do not know about, for example, personal polyethylene , clothespins, canvas mittens, and sometimes even dishes remain at home, making life difficult for the tourist along the way. This paragraph is intended to tell you what personal equipment tourists use, how they use it and how they store it. And also what kind of care is required for him on hikes and at home.

Personal equipment that can be useful on hikes is known and you can see it in the list below. This list is universal for hiking trips of any difficulty category, although it can be expanded or shortened depending on the complexity of the trip.

No.	Name of equipment	quantity
1.	Backpack	1 PC.
2.	Sleeping bag (or blanket)	1 PC.
3.	Litter	1 PC.
4.	Storm suit	1 PC.
5.	Jacket is warm	1 PC.
6.	Wool sweater	1 PC.
7.	Lingerie set	1-2 sets
8.	Warm hat	1 PC.
9.	Sun cap	1 PC.
10.	Plain socks	2-3 pairs
11.	Wool socks	1-2 pairs
12.	Boots or shoes	1 pair
13.	Sneakers or sneakers	1 pair
14.	Personal polyethylene (cape) 2 x 1.5	1-2 pcs.
15.	Clothespins	5 pieces.
16.	Mug, spoon, bowl	1 set
17.	Knife in sheath*	1 PC.
18.	Spare clothes (pants, shirt, T-shirt)	1 set
19.	Individual package	1 set
20.	Notebook on tourism, pen	1 set
21.	Water flask*	0.5 - 0.8 l
22.	Personal hygiene items	1 set
23.	Warm gloves	1-2 pairs
24.	Plastic bags	1-2 pcs.
25.	Watch *	1 PC.

Personal special equipment

The purpose of some items of personal equipment and its storage, recommendations for the acquisition and use of personal equipment.

Let us dwell in detail on some items of personal equipment.

Backpack.

There are 3 types of backpacks: soft (made of canvas or other fabric without a frame), rigid (with an aluminum frame, steel rods, they are also called easel), semi-rigid (having so-called rigidity plates made of polyethylene foam or duralumin), in addition, backpacks are distinguished by volume (from 40 to 120 liters). For hiking, semi-rigid backpacks with a volume of 50-75 liters are most convenient. When choosing a backpack in a store, pay attention to the following points:

1. pockets - it’s better if there are a lot of them and they are spacious;

2. the straps must be thick and wide enough, otherwise they will quickly begin to rub your shoulders;

3. the hip belt allows you to evenly distribute the load across the back;

4. It is desirable that the back of the backpack be reinforced with duralumin plates;

5. fabric - the most suitable fabric for a backpack is nylon fabric, for fastening belts - nylon tape;

The IBC suspension system is designed to quickly change and fix the attachment point of the shoulder straps depending on your height to ensure that the angle of fit optimally distributes the load on the shoulders.

To change the attachment point, you need to open the two free ends of the clamp (1) and, having pulled out the suspension system from the horizontal slings (2), move it to a level that corresponds to your height, and then close the clamp.

Sleeping bag.

It is best to use sleeping bags made of synthetic material; they are lighter than cotton ones and cheaper than down ones. In addition, they can be washed (although this is not recommended - it is better to use a sheet). At home, it is best to store a sleeping bag unfolded, for example, using it as a blanket.

Rice. types of sleeping bags*

Litter.

For brevity, this is the name given to a heat-insulating mat that is placed under sleeping bag for protection from dampness and cold, and is also inserted into a semi-rigid backpack to give it shape. Such polyethylene foam mats do not allow moisture and dampness to pass through.

Storm suit.

An absolutely necessary item in case of rain and for protection from the wind. It is made of dense, windproof fabric (tarpaulin, nylon, nitron). A canvas rain jacket gets wet more slowly, but also takes a long time to dry; nylon and nitron storm suits get wet and dry quite quickly. A storm suit is a necessary and irreplaceable thing on a hike, because even a wet suit protects the tourist from the wind.

Shoes.

The most common and comfortable shoes Tourists' shoes count. When choosing boots for hiking, pay attention to the quality of the leather (it should be thick enough) and soles (it is better to choose boots with thick grooved rubber or leather soles - they slip less on snow and wet grass). Boots should be broken in well before hiking, otherwise they may chafe your feet.

Boots should fit tightly on the foot, not dangle on it, at the same time you need to know that in winter time It is better to wear boots with a wool sock. Therefore, it is better to take boots half a size larger, and wear two pairs of socks when hiking. This will protect your feet from injury. Experienced tourists recommend wearing woolen socks in the summer.

Sneakers or sneakers are usually used as spare shoes; in the off-season and in winter you can take boots with you, but they have certain disadvantages: firstly, they are usually heavy, and secondly, it is quite difficult to mix in them, usually boots They are used at rest stops, but on transitions boots are preferable.

On long hikes, boots must be aired and dried; it is not recommended to dry wet leather boots by the fire (although most tourists do just that), this shortens their service life, in addition, they can simply burn due to the tourist’s oversight. It is best to dry them in the sun or stuff them with newspaper sheets or dry hay.

Before going on a hike, boots must be soaked with special ointment, fat, castor oil or shoe polish. This extends their service life and serves as protection against moisture penetration inside.

Personal polyethylene is a piece of plastic film measuring 2*1.5, 2*2. It is used to cover a backpack at night (if it is not placed in a tent) and in case of rain (clothes pegs can come in handy here). Things from a backpack are also laid out on personal polyethylene at rest stops (of course, you can just throw them on the ground, but why?).

It’s always a good idea to have spare plastic bags when hiking, in case the ones you use to pack your things (see the chapter on packing your backpack for more on this) break. They are also useful for collecting garbage.

A mug, spoon, bowl, of course, are absolutely necessary things on a hike. Enameled, aluminum and plastic utensils have proven themselves well. Although aluminum heats up quickly, plastic can sometimes melt from hot food.

Individual package. Usually recommended by experienced instructors, the kit includes: matches, a bandage, painkillers in waterproof packaging. It can be supplemented with special, specific medications if the tourist has any chronic disease that does not prevent him from engaging in sports tourism.

Personal hygiene items included: soap, toothbrush and toothpaste, hand and foot towel, supply of toilet paper, napkins.

Clothing is chosen by the tourist depending on the time of year and the area of ​​the hike or trip. In the summer, when making two-three-day hikes in low mountains, you can do without a warm woolen sweater, but take a warm waterproof jacket, one pair wool socks necessary. When traveling in the mountains, a warm wool sweater is a must. And in winter, warm gloves, a woolen hat, and two or three pairs of woolen socks will come in handy. It is known from hiking practice that simple socks, especially on a long hike, are never enough. The optimal number of them should be three to four pairs in stock.

A set of spare clothes and a spare set of underwear are required on any trip. It is also recommended to take a sun cap or bandana on any hike.

What can you do without?

A knife in a sheath, a flask, a flashlight and a watch are very useful things, but they are not necessary for every tourist. On weekend hikes, and sometimes on difficult hikes, three or four knives, flasks, watches and flashlights are enough for a group. Some instructors classify these items as group equipment, considering them “extra weight” for each participant in the trip. However, it seems that these items enable the tourist to feel more independent from other members of the group - not to wait for his turn to use a flashlight, not to ask a friend for a knife if necessary, to keep track of time on his own, and to rationally distribute his personal supply of water along the route. It’s good if the tourist has a pair of canvas gloves or thread mittens. You can use them to take dirty wet firewood, remove the pot from the fire, chop wood without fear of rubbing calluses.

Group equipment.

GROUP equipment is equipment that is used by the entire group. Group equipment is distributed equally among participants.

No.	name of equipment	quantity
1.	Tents with awnings (by number of people)	1 kit
2.	Group tent	1 PC.
3.	Cooking boilers and boiler set	2-3 pcs.
4.	Ax (saw)	1-2 pcs.
5.	Knife	3-4 pcs.
6.	Candles	3-4 pcs.
7.	Group water flasks	1-2 pcs.
8.	Camera with film	1-2 pcs.
9.	Lanterns	Lanterns 3-4 pcs.
10.	Compass	2-3 pcs.
11.	Area maps	1 kit
12.	Campfire set	1 kit
13.	Primus (gas burners) (with fuel reserve)	2 pcs.
14.	First aid kit	1 kit
15.	First aid kit	1 kit
16.	Hygiene supplies	1 kit

Group special equipment.

Let's take a closer look at some items of group equipment.

Tents can be divided into two types: gable and frame.

rice. types of tents*

gable

frame

Most tourists today prefer frame tents - they are easier to install and more reliable than gable tents. The main components of a tent: the tent itself, the awning, poles, pegs. Tents are divided according to the number of people (from one to ten people). It seems optimal, in the author’s opinion, to have 2-4 person tents. After a hike, tents and awnings must be dried. They should be stored in a dry place, neatly rolled up.

Group water flasks are taken mainly on those trips where collecting water for the needs of the tourist group is difficult (for example, it’s a long walk to the water). However, even where water is close, the use of water flasks is justified. Typically, tourists use one and a half liter plastic bottles (“crackers”) as group flasks.

The fire set includes matches (several boxes in waterproof packaging) and material for lighting a fire (dry alcohol, plexiglass, candle, paper).
The main element of hygiene supplies is toilet paper. Many people chuckle when they hear about this, but in vain. Often this is the item that is forgotten most often and it is always more convenient to have one group roll than many small “rewinds”.

Comrades use burners. Gasoline primus stoves are becoming a thing of the past due to difficulties in transporting fuel and a greater fire hazard.
The remaining elements of non-special tourist equipment do not need comment.

Packing the backpack.

Tourist bivouac.

TOURIST BIVACK – a place to accommodate a tourist group for an overnight stay or for a long rest

Some of the most enjoyable hours for any tourist are the hours spent at the bivouac. Evening, a starry sky, a fire, a dinner that smells of smoke, songs with a guitar or a leisurely conversation is often precisely because of these hours that people go on a hike. But rest on a hike is preceded by a lot of preparatory work for setting up a bivouac: lighting a fire, cooking, setting up tents, collecting firewood and many other activities accompany this process. In this chapter you will become acquainted with the rules and procedure for setting up a bivouac.

Very great importance for a comfortable and safe overnight stay plays choosing a camp site. The camp site is chosen before dark. If the route is familiar to the leader, he plans the day's marches in such a way as to reach the stopping places known to him. If the group is moving along an unfamiliar route, a parking place is selected 30-60 minutes before the expected time of stopping for the night. When choosing a bivouac site, the following points are taken into account:

1. Security. A very important requirement for a bivouac. Maintaining safety when setting up camp includes:

a) availability of clean running water. You cannot stop near stagnant, swampy bodies of water, on rivers below populated areas, or at sources whose water quality is questionable.

b) the area around the camp should be flat, without ravines or large tree debris.

d) you cannot set up a camp in fields or gardens. As a rule, this causes displeasure among local residents and often leads to conflicts.

e) you cannot put tents close to large rivers or on small islands. A sudden rise in water levels can easily wash out the camp. It is best to choose a place on a hill, away from large river arteries.

2. Convenience of the selected clearing for setting up tents. It is advisable to choose a flat clearing among the trees, where you can easily pull up an awning and find shelter under the canopy of trees in case of rain or shade in sunny weather. It is not recommended to choose large open clearings. In the rain, such clearings will be too wet, in sunny weather - too hot, in addition, you should know that large clearings in heavy rain can turn into a swamp, from which the tents will have to be urgently moved. Therefore, when entering a large clearing, it is better to set up camp closer to the forest zone.

3. Proximity and convenience of water intake a very important factor. It is advisable to look for springs or small streams with a strong flow of water. It’s good if there is a well-trodden path leading to the water, and not an inconspicuous path. Water should be easily accessible (you didn’t have to go down a steep slope or overcome tree debris to get to it, you didn’t have to scoop it up in a mug or strain it into a cauldron drop by drop from a barely flowing spring)

4. Availability of firewood nearby. It is advisable to choose a place so that trips for firewood do not turn into expeditions, so that you do not have to travel a long distance from the camp in search of firewood.

Organization of bivouac work. Once a bivouac site has been selected, the real work of setting it up begins. In this work it is impossible to single out one important area - everything is important: lighting a fire, setting up tents, collecting firewood, and arranging a place to sit. Therefore, all this must be done at the same time, and for this everyone must clearly understand the scope of their responsibilities. After a short rest, the participants begin to work: the fireman prepares a place for the fire, collects small branches and begins to build a fire, two to four people set up tents for the whole group, the caretaker keeps records of products and provides a place for storing them, the rest of the group members go for firewood under the supervision of the leader or his deputy. When the fire is lit, those on duty begin to prepare food, the group members spread out into tents as they are set up, the campfire keeper can briefly take a break from the fire to prepare a woodpile in which the participants can put chopped firewood.

Some of the very important points of setting up a bivouac are setting up tents and choosing a place for a fire. It is correctly placed tents and a well-chosen place for a fire that determine the face of the camp and contribute to the complete and safe rest of tourists.

Setting up tents at a bivouac is determined by the following rules:

1. Tents should be placed, if possible, on a level place without bumps or stones.

2. Before setting up the tent, the proposed site is cleared of debris, stones, sticks, and branches that may interfere with normal sleep.

3. Tents are placed at a distance of at least 5-7 meters from the fire.

4. It is best to place tents with access to the fire.

5. The tent itself and the awning should not have folds (if they have formed, the situation can be straightened out by pulling the individual guys

The process of setting up tents has a certain sequence:

4. The lateral central stretches are stretched.
5. An awning is stretched over the tent, which is attached to the tent with fastening devices and (or) stretched on pegs.

TO choosing a place for a fire Tourists must approach carefully observing fire safety measures. It is best if the fire is lit in the place of the old fire. If you have to light a fire in a new place, it is best to dig a pit for the fire, and carefully pour the excavated soil into a pile so that later, before leaving the camp site, you can fill in the fire site. When lighting a fire without creating a pit, follow these rules:

1. Clear the fire area of ​​debris, stones, dry branches and leaves.

2. Clear the area of ​​the fire pit within a radius of at least one to two meters from dry branches and leaves.

3. Do not light fires near trees, on peat bogs, or places where large quantity dry grass (in swamps among reeds, in fields and clearings overgrown with dry grass).

Organizing the life of a tourist at the bivouac and storing equipment and food at the bivouac depends primarily on how long the group is going to stay in one place. There is no point in handing over all the food to the caretaker, making a washbasin, or dragging large logs from the forest for sitting around a fire if the group spends only one night and sets off further along the route in the morning. It’s another matter if a day’s rest is planned at the parking lot, or if the group generally intends to stay in one place for several days. In this case, comfort will not be superfluous, and a washbasin and good seats are simply necessary.

In any case, the following rules must be observed at the bivouac:

1. There must be order in and around the tents; camp duty officers are appointed to maintain this order. Items of personal and group equipment should be placed neatly in backpacks; the backpacks themselves should be either in tents or covered with film next to them.

2. Dishes (including personal ones) must be in one place, clean and covered, for example, with polyethylene. Therefore, in any tourist camp, a special place is always allocated for the “kitchen” - a place where dishes are stored, food is prepared, where entry is allowed only to those on duty and the caretaker. Good way store mugs - cut down a dry, strong, high branch (up to 1.5 m) with a large number of small branches on which mugs (and sometimes bowls) are hung

3. There must be a pit or garbage bags in the camp. Things that can be burned are burned, those that cannot are taken away or buried.

4. Firewood should not be scattered throughout the camp; a woodpile will be built for it.

5. To cut firewood, there must be a special log (stump) into which axes are stuck.

6. Tents should be placed at such a distance from each other that you can easily walk between them without fear of getting caught in guy ropes. It is advisable that the stretch marks themselves be marked (for example, put sheets of white paper on them) so that they are clearly visible in the dark.

7. Group equipment should always be at hand (especially a technical and medical first aid kit). Not only the commander, but also those people who are assigned to carry it on a hike should monitor the storage of equipment.

Back

Responsibilities in a tourist group.

During the transition important role plays in a band guide (leading). He goes ahead of everyone and directs the group. The leader must not only lead the group, but also make sure that the group does not stretch.

The guide provides great assistance in this regard. trailing, walking behind the entire group and signaling to those in front about breaks in the group's formation.

The director must actively interact with cartographer (navigator) – responsible for the correct passage of the route. It is the cartographer (navigator) works with maps and compass.

A very responsible position - treasurer. He is the custodian of the group's funds and is responsible for expenses along the route.(payment for travel, accommodation, food, passage to protected areas). Before the trip, the treasurer makes an estimate, which indicates the expected expenses on the route, after the hike - reports expenses to the group.

Caretaker (in charge of catering)- often both jokingly and seriously called the most important person on a hike. You can often hear: “The caretaker must be greedy,” “Love your caretaker and you will always be full.” And all because it is the caretaker who plays main role in cooking. He draws up a menu before the hike, purchases food, distributes these products among other participants in the hike; on the route, it is the caretaker who gives the food to those on duty for cooking, monitors its safety and consumption.

And the food is directly prepared duty officers. The attendants receive food from the supply manager and are responsible for timely and high-quality preparation of food and washing of public dishes. Typically, attendants work in teams of two and are assigned to one cooking task.

For fast and high-quality cooking, you need a good fire. A special person is also appointed to work with the fire - campfire His task is to prepare materials for lighting a fire and matches before the hike. During the hike, lighting and maintaining a fire, and when preparing food, the fireman works in tandem with those on duty and fulfills their requests(remove or fan the flame, etc.)

All group equipment that is in the group must be under the watchful eye of zavsnar(equipment manager). Equipment manager must know who is carrying what group equipment, monitor the correct use and storage of group equipment by participants. Before the hike zavsnar checks all equipment and prepares it for travel.

If someone gets hurt or gets sick on a hike, you don’t need to think about who to contact. Each tourist group must have doctor (nurse). The position of a doctor is very responsible. He must be able to provide first medical care better than other participants, know everything (or almost everything) about the drugs that are stored in the travel first aid kit. Doctor before the hike forms a first aid kit and purchases missing medications. On a hike, he carries a first aid kit, monitors its safety, provides medical assistance, and monitors compliance with personal hygiene rules.

If there is a breakdown of the equipment - the sole has become unstuck or a button has come off, a tent pole has broken, or an ax has fallen off the ax handle, a repairman (technician) must come to the rescue before the hike. takes care of replenishing the technical first aid kit, and on the route provides “first aid” to things.

Responsible for order in the camp constantly monitor how the life of the group is organized; they have a responsibility keep it clean environment and dishes. They also keep order in the tents and clean up the camp site after the camp is closed.

Chronicler makes a travel diary, if needed detailed description, after the hike he studies with other participants preparing a report on the trip.

They are always next to him photographer, film shooter highlights of the hike, interesting objects and timekeeper, which marks the time of passage of main objects, halts, walks and crossings.

It can tell you a lot of interesting things about the hiking area. local historian, which is before the hike collects information about nature, wildlife, history of the travel area, and then during the route introduces this information to other group members. He's the same marks all interesting objects along the group’s route, in order to later include information about them in the report.

A natural question may arise: what does the group leader do in this case?

Safety precautions on the route.

When holding the tree with your foot while chopping, make sure that your legs are not in the same plane as the movement of the ax (place the leg holding the log not directly in front of you, but slightly to the side).

Attitude towards unfamiliar plants, berries, mushrooms.

1. Do not eat unfamiliar plants, berries, or mushrooms. No matter how bright, tasty, tempting they look. If you don't know, don't eat.

2. Eat only ripe and washed fruits, berries, and vegetables. You can often observe the following picture: in the summer months, when apples, pears and other fruits are just ripe, young tourists, passing through the orchards, try to pick them and eat them on the spot, without bothering to think about whether these fruits are ripe, and then they are surprised sore stomach, profuse diarrhea. Is it worth it to endanger your health for the dubious pleasure of eating a sour green apple or an unripe “wooden” pear?

Personal equipment is everything that each tourist personally needs. Group equipment is used by the entire group. Special equipment is required to carry out local history and expedition tasks (geological, archaeological, botanical, etc.). Special equipment also includes items (personal and group) related to the specifics of a particular hike (ropes, carabiners, ropes, mosquito nets, etc.). The need for such equipment arises when carrying out complex hikes, so we will not talk about it now.

General requirements for tourist equipment: safety of operation, durability, minimum weight and volume, ease of use, versatility, comfort, hygiene, aesthetics.

First of all, the equipment used and various devices must ensure the safety of tourists. This requirement, as we have already noted, is given special meaning. Since we are often talking about preserving life and health, sometimes it is necessary to give up things that are light but fragile. We must remember one simple truth - on a hike there is no way to replace a damaged item; the possibilities of repairing it are limited. Therefore, both clothing and equipment must be durable.

Considering the fact that tourists carry all their equipment on foot, the weight of the equipment should be minimal.

Any equipment should also be easy to use (you are unlikely to take a tent on a hike, the installation of which requires many additional parts and time).

Equipment should provide the greatest possible comfort, both during movement and while tourists are relaxing.

Tourist clothing must be hygienic, ensuring the normal functioning of the body under increased and prolonged physical activity and various weather conditions.

And, of course, the equipment used should be aesthetic, pleasing to the eye, and uplifting. Typically this applies to appearance things, their color. Gone are the ideas that best clothes a tourist - a burnt-out, worn-out storm jacket. Now tourists are trying to wear bright, beautiful things. In addition, as we will see later, this is another security requirement.

The list of tourist’s personal equipment should include the most necessary things, taking into account the complexity and type of hike, and the climatic conditions of the area.

An approximate list of a tourist’s personal equipment for a summer hiking trip with several overnight stays in the field:

Backpack with polyethylene liner;

Sleeping bag;

Insulating mat (polyurethane foam);

Waterproof bags for packing personal belongings;

Storm suit or anorak;

Wool tracksuit;

Warm jacket (or woolen sweater);

Change of linen;

Shirt;

Shorts, swimming trunks (swimming suit);

Woolen socks - 2 pairs;

Cotton socks 2-3 pairs;

A hat with a visor, a scarf;

Sunglasses;

Hiking boots;

Sneakers or sneakers;

Toiletries;

Towel for body and feet;

Mug, spoon, bowl, knife (KLMN);

Rain cape;

Individual repair kit;

Individual dressing package;

Notepad, pen, pencils, ruler.

Let's take a closer look at the requirements for some of the listed items. An important part of a tourist’s personal equipment is shoes. Since a tourist covers the entire route on a hiking trip on foot, comfortable, light shoes play a significant role. Depending on the intended route and time of year, it must ensure the safety and temperature of the foot and meet the following requirements: be comfortable in shape, fit snugly on the foot, but not press on the foot. Tight, hard or very roomy shoes are not advisable. It can cause abrasions, and in cold weather your feet will freeze. When choosing shoes, you need to provide a felt insole and the ability to wear 1-2 pairs of wool socks. In this case, boots are chosen 1-2 sizes larger than usual. Please note that some hiking boots expand when wet.

For simple hikes, you can recommend sneakers, sneakers, light hiking boots or any other closed shoes with low heels. On forest roads, trails, when driving on hard soil (slides, rock debris), you need shoes with hard soles “vibra” (tourist or mountain boots). During spring and autumn thaw, as well as on routes with numerous shallow streams and damp places, it is advisable to use rubber boots with insoles. Moving in this type of footwear requires a supply of socks and foot wraps.

In early spring and late autumn, when the soil is frozen, insulated leather boots with warm insoles and again, you definitely need to wear 1-2 pairs of woolen socks. Socks should be soft and fit well on the leg without forming wrinkles. Any thickening or rough darning can cause abrasions. For safety, it is recommended to wear an elastic sock over a woolen sock. In mountainous and mountain-taiga areas, the most comfortable shoes will be hiking or mountain boots.

Since the foot sweats during movement, you should never wear socks made of synthetic materials on your bare feet - they do not absorb sweat. First, be sure to put on a wool or cotton sock.

On multi-day hikes, you must additionally have replacement shoes: sneakers, sneakers, galoshes. During rest or bivouac work, everyday shoes should be ventilated and dried. Laces on hiking shoes often break, so it is safer to use a thin nylon cord, melted at both ends, which fits freely into the holes on the shoes and does not rot from dampness. The length of the lace should be sufficient so that when the shoe is completely unlaced, its ends do not jump out of the upper holes (eyelets).

Need for shoes ongoing care. Before going out on the route, the boots must be soaked with a special hydrophobic lubricant, then they will allow less water to pass through and their leather will be soft. Before going on a hike, you need to take your boots in and put them on your feet. Going out on a route in new, unworn boots can lead to severe scuffs.

While hiking, you should dry your wet shoes, but it is very risky to do this near a fire. Overheating burns the lubricant and the top layer of leather on the boots, which makes them partially and sometimes completely unsuitable for further use.

A necessary part of personal equipment is a sleeping bag, which must meet the following basic requirements: be warm, light, compact. There are several models of sleeping bags with different fillings - down, cotton wool, batting, synthetics. For hiking with children, the best sleeping bag is a blanket, especially one with long zippers that can be used to connect two sleeping bags. This is important, because if the guys are small, then two sleeping bags can be enough for three people, which significantly lightens the weight of backpacks during a hike.

The most common filling in sleeping bags is synthetic padding. It is lightweight, non-hygroscopic and has good thermal insulation properties. This bag dries quickly.

The “cocoon” sleeping bag is designed for individual use only. It is advisable to have an insert in your sleeping bag for greater comfort. It can be sewn from a regular sheet.

Sleeping equipment also includes a heat-insulating mat, which is placed under the sleeping bag at the bottom of the tent. The most comfortable rug that received last years widely used - polyurethane foam. It has virtually no weight, does not get wet, and does not conduct heat. The rug can be carried either in a backpack, rolled into a tube according to the dimensions of the latter, or tied to it (a rolled roll placed in a case).

You can make the rug yourself. To do this, a bag is sewn according to the size of the rug and individual pockets are lined according to the size of the pieces of polyurethane foam. The length of the rug must be at least 140 cm.

The so-called seat is also made from polyurethane foam - a piece of rug measuring 20 by 30 cm. It is unsafe for your health to sit on damp logs and cold stones. This is where the “seat” comes in handy.

The most necessary thing for a tourist is a backpack. It should be roomy, convenient for storing things, and light. Now it is possible to purchase a backpack of any modification, volume, cost.

The most comfortable are anatomical backpacks with a wide belt. When using a regular backpack, the entire force of its gravity is distributed on the shoulders of the carrier, and when using an anatomical one with a wide belt, part of the load is distributed on the lower back. The load on the shoulders becomes significantly less. In an anatomical backpack, the center of gravity is closer to the back, which reduces the gravity arm and the overturning moment.

Easel backpacks are good because they make it easier to pack things in them. However, it is difficult to fit an easel backpack in a tent; it takes up a lot of space. Such a backpack is also inconvenient for water trips - it is quite difficult to fit it into a kayak.

Personal utensils. It would seem that her appearance does not play a special role. However, it is not. The choice of dishes affects both the mood of children and, more importantly, their safety.

You should not take bowls and mugs made of hard plastic on a hike - they can easily break, and then the child will have to wait until someone eats and gives him his bowl. Dishes made of soft synthetics are greatly deformed by hot food. Another drawback is that if you don’t wash such dishes, they still give the impression of being greasy and unwashed.

To lighten the backpack, some tourists use bowls and mugs made from tin cans. Passing such a bowl filled with hot food is a big problem and danger. After all, someone can’t stand the heat, let go of the bowl and burn the person sitting next to you.

A soldier's pot with a lid is convenient for camp and marching life. During transitions, it can be used as a hard case for storing fragile things - glasses, a flashlight, etc.

Personal equipment for a hike - a list of personal equipment - what to take with you on a hiking trip? Naturally, there is a desire to take a bunch of your favorite things with you, but you need to remember that you will have to carry all this with you the whole way. Plus to all this a backpack, a tent, a sleeping bag, food. The total is more than enough.

It must be said that for each season and location the list of personal equipment for a hike will be slightly different. ( Note: specifically for each region and season, it is better to look at the links given below, this same article is presented as a generalized one, but given the diversity of climatic zones in our mountains, again, it is better to read for each region specifically)

• List of equipment for a trip to Crimea in summer (the same applies to Turkey in September, if there are no altitudes above two thousand)

• Equipment for winter hiking

What do tourists usually take with them on hikes? And this is what they take:

For hiking in Crimeaspring summer and autumn Be sure to have a two-liter empty PET bottle with you! - just in case, I’ll take it out at the very beginning.

From equipment:

• - backpack
• - tent
• - sleeping bag
• - mat (foam)
• - raincoat (piece of oilcloth)

Backpack.

Backpacks are now made very comfortable, unlike in the 80s. U modern backpacks There are backs with arches, due to which it holds its shape. And things don’t put pressure on your back, plus, as a rule, most backpacks have back ventilation. By volume men's backpack should be 80 liters, women's around 60 liters. If it is less, there is a problem with packing things. Things have to be hung in garlands on top of the backpack. If you don't have a backpack, you can use our rental. But it's still better to have your own.

Tent.

Many probably still have tents from the times of the Union - heavy, canvas and never comfortable. If you are traveling on foot and do not have an accompanying car, feel free to leave it at home. Today there are quite a few models of the most varied price and quality, which weigh around three and a half kilograms (three), which do not get wet from rain, have a mosquito net, ventilation and are quite comfortable to wear. The main thing on a hike is normal rest. Ideal if you have your own tent. Again, you can rent a tent from us or reserve a spot in a tent.

Sleeping bag.

Which sleeping bag you should go with depends on the time of year. In spring, you need a warm sleeping bag with comfortable temperatures below zero degrees. It will weigh and take up a lot of space (about two kg). In summer, a sleeping bag with comfort +7 - +10 is quite enough. It weighs less than kg and takes up absolutely no space.

Rug.

The best thing there is is an ordinary Izhevsk rug that costs about 10 dollars. There is nothing to do on the route without a rug, you just can’t sleep on the ground - be sure to add it to the list of personal equipment for the hike. There are also inflatable mats, but taking them is already a luxury, firstly, they cost money, and secondly, most importantly, they require careful handling, simply put, they can break through at the most inopportune moment. It is best to have your own rug. It will definitely come in handy on the farm. Well, if you haven’t found it then rent it.

Raincoat

A raincoat can be made in China for two bucks, and a raincoat can be branded for twenty. Which Chinese one will calmly survive one campaign and then have to be thrown away. Which will survive twenty campaigns in twenty, or maybe thirty - depending on your luck. It's not a big thing, and just in case, when packing, throw a raincoat in your backpack. You never know. Mountains after all.

Personal items.

Here we include:

• - shoes;
• - cloth;
• - other.

Shoes.

In summer, sneakers are the perfect option. It’s better to have special mountain ones; if you don’t have them, regular ones will do. The main thing is comfortable and worn in. It is advisable to run a couple of kilometers in them. Otherwise, every evening you will be provided with a fun procedure for breaking through calluses. My second pair are flip-flops or sandals. To sit by the fire in the evening and give your legs a rest.

Cloth.

• 1. Civilian clothes in which we will go out into civilization, that is, into the population. As a rule, I take a spare T-shirt and spare shorts.

• 2. If the hike takes place in the summer, it’s not difficult to decide on clothes. I take shorts, a couple of T-shirts, sports pants, a fleece (hoodie), a windbreaker (from wind and rain) and a cap (required)

• 3. if the hike takes place in the spring or autumn, you need to add a sweater, pants, jacket, hat, and gloves. Snow in the mountains of Crimea remains in some places until mid-May. And the weather can change at a moment's notice.

All the rest.

• - (mug, spoon, bowl, knife). You should not take ceramics on a hike. If it breaks or gets crushed in your backpack, you will have to share it with your friends. I don't recommend plastic either. We mostly drink hot drinks, so why bother with toxins once again? A metal mug and a metal bowl are best.
• - toilet paper, toothpaste and brush, soap, underwear, bathing suit, socks;
• - individual first aid kit. We take the basics. Just in case, take something for headaches, upsets and colds. An elastic bandage is a must. If there is something personal, don’t forget to take your medicine too.
• - flashlight. The best is a headlamp LED. It costs about 10 dollars. It is quite economical, shines brightly and weighs little.
• - Camera and mobile phone. I warn you right away that there will be nowhere to charge the equipment, so either save batteries or take spare ones. In the mountains, Kyivstar and MTS work best.
• - plastic bottle. One per person, we will use them to collect water for the journey. Bottle 1.5-2 liters.
• You can throw small pliers like a repair kit into your backpack, a useful thing, you can use a multitool, but it will be heavier.

We discussed all this so that you realize that you will have to carry all this equipment on yourself for a week, and if you go to

1) Backpack.

For long-distance hiking, a good backpack volume is 55-65 liters. I use the Red Fox Voyadger 55 backpack. Its advantages are its compactness and spaciousness. Everything I need on a hike easily fits into it. The backpack is suitable for any type of tourism. Thanks to the Active suspension system, it is comfortable to carry even when heavy load. Plus there are very convenient compartments for small items at the top and excellent pockets on the waist belt. In general, I took the backpack under myself and I recommend that you do the same. Just take into account the basic criteria when choosing a backpack for hiking.
-Volume (55-65 liters). Try to compare the number of things you need and the volume of your backpack.
-Convenience and reliability of the suspension system. The backpack should fit like a glove, support your back, the straps should not loosen due to the greater weight of the backpack.
-Presence of handy pockets for small items. Ultimately, they always help out when water, a compass, a telephone, a navigator, and so on are at hand.
-Resistance of materials to damage and external influences.
A waterproof cape/case for your backpack would also be useful. It will protect your things from moisture and dirt. And in the future, your backpack will last longer and look better.

2) Sleeping bag.

My advice is the warmer the better, but without fanaticism. If it gets hot, you can unzip the sleeping bag and ventilate it. I use a 2009 Freetime Condor 250 XL sleeping bag. Extreme temperatures down to -7. This model has a hood, the presence of which can be said to be necessary. Although this sleeping bag does not quite suit me. It is better to focus on the criteria listed below:
— Temperature conditions: comfort -5(-10), extreme -15(-20).
- Weight. An important factor: up to 2 kg.
— Size: this is individual, depending on your build.
It is advisable to pack the sleeping bag in a waterproof case or plastic bag(a trash one will do). Otherwise, it will absorb moisture and lose its heat-protective properties. Also helpful information There are also sleeping bags.

3) Tent.

The important criterion here is weight. If you are going on a hike with 2-3 people, then the weight of the tent should preferably not exceed 3.5 kg, ideally 2.5 kg. The three of us go and every other time we take a tent. I described in detail all its pros and cons. When purchasing a tent, I suggest relying on the following criteria:
-Weight: it can be distributed at the rate of 1 kg per hiker.
-Water resistance of the awning: I advise from 4000 mm, but not less than 3000 mm for sure.
-Assembled size: usually 45x15 cm.
Also pay attention to the size of the floor, there should be enough space for everyone. The tent must be well ventilated. This is possible when the tent has 2 entrances and ventilation windows.

4) Karemat.

Tourist rug. You lose a lot of heat through the ground, and to avoid this good people they came up with a karemat. The main criterion is the thickness and weight of the mat. It is optimal to take a mat 14-16 mm thick, weighing 0.6-0.8 kg. You also need to buy a seat as part of the kit for the seat mat (a piece of the seat mat to which an elastic band is attached. It is with the help of this that the seat seat is attached to your belt. You can make it yourself, or you can buy it in a store, they are not expensive.

5) Shoes.

Trekking boots. Good review you can read. You need to take the choice of shoes very seriously. Shoes are an expense item on which I would not skimp. Boots should be sufficiently waterproof and be as comfortable as possible when walking. The inner surface of the boot must be treated in a special way to breathe and absorb sweat well. This is achieved by using special moisture-absorbing insoles and breathable inner coverings. From natural materials When used for interior finishing of shoes, linen is optimal. In new models, the inner liner is made of synthetic material such as Gore-Tex. These shoes will keep you warm and dry in almost any circumstances. Such materials are “breathable”, remove sweat outward, thereby preventing the foot from sweating and, at the same time, thanks to the membrane structure, they prevent rain or other water from the street from getting into the boot. Hiking shoes should match the size of the foot as much as possible. The fact is that tight or excessively loose shoes disrupt the normal functioning of the foot and lead to the formation of abrasions, calluses, and diaper rash. skin, crooked fingers. It is acceptable to purchase shoes of 1 - 2 sizes larger size legs. This is done so that if you use an additional insole or several socks, the shoes do not sting.

6) Clothes.

Here in order:
—thermal underwear, two sets are possible. Although I make do with one.
—fleece jacket. Fleece is a soft and comfortable material. Breathes well, weighs little, dries quickly, retains heat well.
—trousers, preferably a jumpsuit. Trousers must have sufficient wind and moisture protection. Be durable and comfortable to walk on. It is desirable that they be made of high-tech materials. Breathable and waterproof. They can also be treated with special waterproof impregnations.
—jacket. The main criteria are wind and moisture protection. It should also be warm enough for autumn hikes. The jacket, like the trousers, should preferably be made of modern, breathable materials. And it can be treated with impregnations that protect it from getting wet.
—headdress/hat. A person loses a lot of heat through his head. So a hat is a must-have item in your outfit.
—gloves. Ideally, they should be lightweight and quick-drying.
—socks. At least two pairs of good trekking socks that dry quickly and retain heat well. I take another pair of wool socks and wear them at night.
This is the minimum for clothing. I get by with them easily. You shouldn’t take too much on a hike, especially if you plan to travel long distances. If the night temperature according to the forecast drops to -5 (-10) I have a woolen sweater with me. Just in case.

7) Headlamp.

Before going on a hike, it’s better to play it safe and change/charge the batteries.

8) First aid kit.

You must take basic medical supplies with you.
-Sterile bandage – 1 pc.
-Elastic bandage – 1 pc.
-Bactericidal patch - 10-20 pcs.
-Iodine or brilliant green – 1 bottle.
-Activated carbon – 1-2 packs.
-Remedy for colds, runny nose and headaches.
-Cure for your personal illnesses.

9) Individual repair kit.

Having an individual repair kit is not necessary, but still desirable. In case of a small emergency, for example, a broken/lost backpack buckle, he will help you deal with the problem.

10) Matches.

Everyone must take matches on a hike; they must be hermetically sealed. After all, wet matches on a hike are an extremely undesirable occurrence. You can wrap a box of matches in plastic and wrap it with tape. The second option is to put as many matches and a grater as possible into a box of photographic film or vitamins; such packaging will not get wet, even if it falls into water.

11) Ax (machete) or camp saw.

To quickly chop wood and arrange a camp site.

12) Knife.

A small knife with a small set of functions is enough.

13) Dishes.

Consider weight. It could be plastic, but somehow steel is more practical, although it loses in weight. Key points:
-mug
-Bowl
-spoon fork

14) Water flask or thermos.

At sub-zero temperatures, make sure that the water in the flask does not freeze.

15) Camera.

When choosing a camera, you need to consider the weight of the camera. A good DSLR camera with a powerful lens can and will take good pictures, but the weight of a camera over 400 grams is unacceptable. Also don't forget additional elements power supplies and waterproof covers for equipment.

16) Map and compass.

Things without which navigation will be extremely difficult. Even in cases where you follow a familiar route.

17) Notepad and pencil.

Making notes, writing any observations, comments on photos is always entertaining and usually useful.

18) Food.

I will devote a separate article to this point in the future. In the meantime, I’ll orient you according to the main criteria. The appetite in nature never ceases to amaze. Eat at fresh air nice thing. But don't forget about the basic nutritional points. Don’t fill your stomach to capacity with just anything. It is advisable not to mix proteins and carbohydrates. Try not to overeat at night. When hiking, the weight of supplies is important. Try to reduce it as much as possible. It’s good to take cereals, buckwheat, and rolled oats with you. They boil well and have a high energy value. Dried fruits and nuts are also indispensable on a hike. Tea, there's nothing better than mugs tea by the fire. We try to take peas, corn, and beans from canned food. They are energetically valuable, well absorbed and digested better than meat. Don't forget bread and salt.
Finally, I would like to add that the weight of a backpack for a hiking trip should not exceed 10 kg. To enjoy the hike, you need to move easily. Today there is a lot of excellent and varied equipment on the travel goods market. So go for it. Just don't forget any important things at home. Travel more often. Visit to keep up to date with travel news.

Kirillov Konstantin