During pregnancy, what is the value of water. Amniotic fluid. Outpouring of amniotic fluid

From the very beginning of pregnancy, the amnion, the fetal bladder, is responsible for ensuring optimal living conditions for the unborn baby. One of the most important tasks of the amnion is the constant production and timely renewal of amniotic fluid. It is this fluid, also called amniotic fluid, that is the environment in which the baby develops.

Its importance is difficult to overestimate, because it performs a number of important functions, forms the first habitat for the fetus and protects it from external influences. What is amniotic fluid, what should it be normal and what are their functions?

Composition and volume

The production of amniotic fluid by the fetal bladder occurs continuously, but unevenly, its volume depends on the period, i.e. there are certain norms for the amount (volume) of amniotic fluid by weeks of pregnancy. So, on the 10th week, this indicator is 30 ml, on the 14th - 100 ml, on the 18th - 400 ml, the greatest value it reaches 36 weeks and ranges from 1000 to 1500 ml.

At the end of pregnancy, namely before the birth itself, the volume of fluid is about 800 ml. Renewal of amniotic fluid, like its production, also occurs continuously. When normal developing pregnancy 500 ml of liquid is renewed per hour, a complete renewal occurs every 3 hours.

The composition of amniotic fluid is very diverse, it includes many components important for the development of the future baby. The main component, of course, is water, which contains proteins, carbohydrate-containing substances, mineral salts, hormones, fats, enzymes and immunoglobulins.

As the baby grows and its rapid development, particles of the fetal epithelium begin to appear in the amniotic fluid, a secret sebaceous glands, urine and hair cells. The concentration of these components in the amniotic fluid depends on how long the pregnancy is.

The quality and quantity of amniotic fluid can change under the influence of certain factors, which leads to low water or polyhydramnios. In order to determine their volume, on the basis of ultrasound data, special calculations are made, and the amniotic fluid index is found.

Main functions

The role of amniotic fluid in the life of the fetus is difficult to overestimate, because during all nine months they perform many important functions, including:


  • Mechanical protection of the fetus. Amnion and amniotic fluid protect the baby from mechanical damage, create a kind of " airbag". In addition, the amniotic fluid prevents tissue fusion or flattening of the umbilical cord, makes it possible for the baby to perform free active movements, which contributes to its development;
  • Metabolism. It is from the amniotic fluid that most of the substances necessary for life enter the developing organism. In return, the crumb gives off processed products, which are excreted through the excretory system of the mother;
  • Sterile and germ-free. Amniotic fluid is always sterile, which is simply necessary to protect the crumbs from infections, it chemical composition and the temperature is always stable, up to their complete effusion during childbirth;
  • Participation in childbirth. Amniotic fluid also take part in childbirth. Labor itself begins after the outpouring of the anterior waters located in the lower part of the amniotic membrane. Therefore, every pregnant woman should know how to determine the discharge of amniotic fluid. It is they who put pressure on the cervix and force it to open. In the process of childbirth, they create favorable conditions for the baby during contractions, when pouring out, they effectively wash and disinfect the birth canal so that the passage of the crumbs is as easy as possible.

In addition, amniotic fluid helps to learn a lot about the condition of the fetus and its development. Its composition, volume, consistency, transparency and color are of great diagnostic value. So, water analysis will help determine the sex and blood group of the child, warn about possible metabolic disorders, the presence of hereditary diseases or the occurrence of hypoxia.

The test for the composition of the waters will tell you about the degree of readiness of the baby for birth, if it becomes necessary to carry out an emergency birth, in particular, by them, you can determine the stage of maturity of the baby's lungs and respiratory system.

Frequent pathologies

For normal development fetal amniotic fluid must be constantly renewed and maintained in a certain volume and condition.

Changes in these indicators may indicate the presence of violations and pathologies, which include:


  • Polyhydramnios - the volume of water is more than 1500 ml (the norm is from 1000 to 1500), it is more often found in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, the cause may be nephritis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, intrauterine infections, Rh-conflict, multiple pregnancies and the presence of congenital malformations of the baby. Suddenly developed polyhydramnios may become an indication for urgent delivery;
  • Low water - the volume of water does not exceed 500 ml, is rare, but it is no less dangerous for the fetus than polyhydramnios. A woman experiences constant pain and discomfort in the abdomen, which increases with the movement of the fetus, the activity of which is reduced at the same time. Childbirth often occurs ahead of time and proceed with complications;
  • Leakage of water - premature rupture of amniotic fluid indicates an early onset of labor and is a reason for an emergency visit to the hospital. In such cases, the fetal bladder often tears in the upper lateral part. From the formed "hole" in small portions the liquid leaks and goes out. If the discharge of water does not stop, and it will pour out all over, the baby simply will not be able to survive. You can determine if there is fluid leakage using an amniotic fluid test, which can be purchased at a pharmacy;
  • Green waters - Normally, the waters are clear; by the end of pregnancy, they may become somewhat cloudy. But in the case when the baby is experiencing a lack of oxygen, he releases meconium into the amniotic fluid, from which they acquire a greenish color. This color of amniotic fluid is an alarming symptom, indicating the onset of fetal hypoxia. It often happens during post-term pregnancy.

Any of the above conditions requires emergency medical attention, therefore, if the expectant mother has the slightest suspicion of one of these phenomena or the presence of any discomfort, it is necessary to immediately contact your gynecologist for help in order to prevent the development of severe complications, such as amniotic fluid embolism, when the amniotic fluid enters the mother's bloodstream.

Amniotic fluid: "living water" for the baby. What is amniotic fluid? Amniotic fluid is the fluid that fills the area of ​​the uterus during pregnancy and the surrounding fetus (embryo) throughout the entire period of intrauterine development. The "capacity" that holds the water and the embryo is the so-called baby's place, or - the fetal bladder. Read more about amniotic fluid, water leakage and more in this article.>

What is amniotic fluid

With the development of pregnancy, the fetus itself increases, accordingly, everything that surrounds it, including the uterus, fetal bladder, and so on, also increases. Amniotic fluid also gradually increases over time. By about 38-40 weeks of gestation, the volume of amniotic fluid approaches 1.5 liters.

Amniotic fluid is formed, mainly due to the filtration of the mother's blood through the walls of the vessels of the placenta. But this process also involves the cells of the epithelium lining the fetal bladder and the embryo itself (lungs, kidneys, skin). During the day, the amniotic fluid is completely renewed 7-8 times. The composition of amniotic fluid in the early stages of pregnancy is similar in composition to the mother's blood plasma, then gradually traces of the vital activity of the fetus itself are formed in them.

Almost 97% of amniotic fluid is water, in which a variety of nutrients are dissolved: proteins, mineral salts (calcium, sodium, chlorine). In addition, skin cells, hair cells and aromatic substances - alkaloids can be found in it. It is believed that the smell of amniotic fluid is similar to the smell of breast milk, which allows a newly born baby to accurately determine where the mother's breast is.

In the West, in some maternity hospitals, newborns are not washed their hands so that they can suck on their fingers, "scented" with amniotic fluid, to the smell of which they are so accustomed to.

Why amniotic fluid is needed

Their importance during pregnancy is very important.

The task of amniotic fluid:

  • They have a shock-absorbing effect for the fetus - they protect it from bruises, squeezing, hypothermia or overheating and from any other external influences;
  • Protect against the penetration of bacteria and viruses;
  • Gives the fruit a "field for activity", allowing it to move freely, develop;
  • Allows oxygen and other substances to freely enter the fetal bloodstream.

Pathology of amniotic fluid

If during pregnancy the amount of amniotic fluid differs significantly from the norm, then this is a pathology. A decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid less than 1.5 liters is considered low water, and an increase is considered polyhydramnios. Most often this occurs during pregnancy, which is accompanied by pathologies of a different origin, such as intrauterine infection, congenital pathologies or other diseases of the mother. Treatment of polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios is weak.

Malnutrition

So, lack of water is the amount of amniotic fluid less than normal.

What is the danger of oligohydramnios:

  • Development of fetal hypoxia is possible;
  • The developmental delay of the fetus with low water may be due to the fact that the fetus is deprived of the opportunity to move freely, and, consequently, to develop;
  • Violation of uteroplacental blood flow;

Polyhydramnios

Polyhydramnios is the abnormality of pregnancy when the water is more than normal. In practice, polyhydramnios is more common, however, many doctors believe that this is due to the fact that polyhydramnios is easier to diagnose than oligohydramnios.

Polyhydramnios is dangerous:

  • Risk of entanglement of the umbilical cord. Nature has laid it down so that by the end of pregnancy the space in the uterus for the fetus becomes less and less, therefore by the end of pregnancy, when the fetus is already fully formed, it simply does not have the opportunity to move freely, and with polyhydramnios, it has such an opportunity right up to the very birth, therefore the most common complication of polyhydramnios is;
  • Premature birth occurs with polyhydramnios from the fact that the uterus is simply not able to hold in itself both the fetus and a large amount of water, under the weight of the cervix is ​​smoothed out ahead of schedule;
  • Weakness of labor.

The state of the amniotic fluid

The state of amniotic fluid is diagnosed by means of ultrasound diagnostics. In the process of the study, the doctor assesses both the amount of amniotic fluid and their transparency, the presence of impurities. If indications for a more detailed diagnosis are indicated, a procedure called amniocentesis is performed. The procedure is as follows: under ultrasound control, a puncture occurs in the abdominal wall and amniotic fluid is taken. The obtained biological material undergoes a number of studies - biochemical, cytological, immunological, hormonal. This procedure is unsafe and therefore requires sufficiently strong indications.

Indications for amniocentesis:

  • Determination of congenital genetic diseases of the fetus;
  • Elucidation of the severity of intrauterine pathology.

Outpouring of amniotic fluid

Premature rupture of amniotic fluid occurs, most often, during pregnancy, proceeding with inflammatory processes of the vagina and cervix. Under the influence of microorganisms, the membranes become thinner, lose their elasticity and cannot fully perform their functions.

As a result, amniotic fluid leaks, the symptoms of which are very difficult to determine on your own. Amniotic fluid can be released in drops over a sufficiently long period of time and not arouse any suspicion in a pregnant woman.

Ideally, the rupture of amniotic fluid occurs during the first stage of labor. The fetal bladder becomes thinner and ruptures during the contraction. At this moment, not all the waters come out, but, as a rule, a little less than half. The remainder of the amniotic fluid comes out after the baby is born.

If the amniotic fluid is poured out before the onset of labor, then there is a "premature rupture of amniotic fluid." If there are contractions, but the cervix is ​​not yet ready, then such an outpouring of water is called "early". Such situations usually occur in complicated pregnancies.

It also happens that the fetal bladder does not rupture completely, but simply has a slight violation of its integrity. Either the rupture occurs significantly above the pharynx of the uterus, which does not allow to determine this, in fact, the amniotic fluid is secreted in small portions.

Rupture of amniotic fluid is difficult to diagnose by eye. If a woman complains of water leakage, then a so-called amnio test is performed. A test strip with a reagent is inserted into the vagina, its staining in a certain color indicates leakage of amniotic fluid. Also on sale for self-monitoring of water leakage (in case there are such concerns) there are special amnio-pads. They are able to distinguish amniotic fluid from almost any amount and type of discharge. These tests are based on the fact that they determine the presence of substances that can only be in the amniotic fluid.

Home testing for amniotic fluid leakage

Often we have to meet with the concern of expectant mothers that they will miss the leakage of amniotic fluid, the symptoms are unknown to them. Often, an increase in vaginal secretion is taken for amniotic fluid, or vice versa - leakage of amniotic fluid is regarded as normal discharge.

Sometimes women have controversial situations in which it is not always clear that it is just discharge or leakage of amniotic fluid. Therefore, an appeal to a medical institution is postponed, and there are often situations when a timely appeal to a hospital could save a child or significantly simplify the consequences of water leakage.

V last years test systems for the determination of amniotic fluid in the vaginal contents of a pregnant woman have been developed and appeared on the free market. These tests provide invaluable assistance to a pregnant woman and her attending physician: firstly, they prompt a woman to seek medical attention as soon as possible in case of a positive result, and secondly, they eliminate unnecessary worries in the event of a negative result.

Tests to determine the leakage of amniotic fluid

FRAUTEST amnio is a test based on determining the acidity (pH) of vaginal secretions. Normal vaginal discharge is acidic, and amniotic fluid is slightly alkaline. The test gives a positive result at a pH above neutral values.

The test strip is wrapped in a pad that attaches to the underwear. The pad can be worn for 10-12 hours, or removed when the woman feels hydrated. After removing the strip, you must remove the test strip from it and place it in a special case. The reading of the result is carried out after 30 minutes (drying time). The test distinguishes amniotic fluid from urine due to the use of a polymer matrix, which uses a special composition of ingredients that return the discoloration back when reacting with the concentration of ammonia in the urine. If the test is positive, which means that amniotic fluid is being released, the test strip turns yellow-green. False positive results are possible with bacterial infection genital tract. The indisputable advantage of this test is that it does not require special manipulations, the test is very sensitive and detects any, even the smallest, amniotic fluid release. The test strip is not recommended to be used less than 12 hours after intercourse, vaginal douching, or the introduction of vaginal suppositories.

Other types of tests are based on the method of immunochromatography, for example, the AmniSure ROM test. It determines in the vaginal contents α-microglobulin - a protein that is found in amniotic fluid in high concentration and practically does not occur in other biological fluids. The test consists of a vaginal swab, a diluent tube, and a test strip. The material is collected by inserting a tampon into the vagina. The swab is then dipped into the diluent tube for one minute. After that, a test strip is placed in a test tube, which shows the result. The test strip is removed from the tube and placed on a dry, clean surface for 10 minutes. Reading the test result is not difficult for a woman: as with tests for determining pregnancy and ovulation, two strips indicate a positive result, one negative.

If the result is positive, the woman should see a doctor IMMEDIATELY. We can also advise you to consult a doctor and if negative result in case suspicion or fears persist.

Outpouring of amniotic fluid, what to do

Currently, the approach to premature rupture of amniotic fluid is unambiguous - only delivery in short time... Attempts to maintain a pregnancy with impaired integrity fetal bladder did not justify themselves due to frequent septic complications in mother and child.

If an outpouring of water occurs, immediately go to the hospital, do not pull. Remember, amniotic fluid is living water for your baby. Their outpouring ahead of time can negatively affect both the condition of the child and the course of childbirth as a whole.

Amniotic fluid is the baby's first habitat. They nourish it, protect it and create comfort. The development of the child and his safety depend on the quantity and composition. For the first time, amniotic fluid appears at about 8 weeks of gestation, and is a filtrate of maternal blood plasma.

How much amniotic fluid should there be?

If we talk about volume, then the normal amount of amniotic fluid ranges from 600-1500 ml. Much depends on the amount of amniotic fluid, because it is they that provide the child with freedom of movement, normal metabolism and protect the umbilical cord from compression.

The amount of amniotic fluid directly depends on the duration of pregnancy. With an increase in the term, their volume increases. The amount of amniotic fluid by week looks like this: at 10 weeks, a pregnant woman has 30 ml of amniotic fluid, at 13-14 - 100 ml, at 18-20 weeks - about 400 ml. By 37-38 weeks of pregnancy, the amount of amniotic fluid is maximum and is 1000-1500 ml.

By the end of pregnancy, this volume may decrease to 800 ml. And in case of prolonged pregnancy, the amniotic fluid may be less than 800 ml. Accordingly, the weight of the placenta and amniotic fluid that comes out at the birth of a baby is approximately 1300-1800 mg. In this case, the placenta weighs from 500 to 1000 mg, and the weight of the amniotic fluid is about 800 mg.

Disorders in the amount of amniotic fluid

Sometimes, for one reason or another, the volume of amniotic fluid does not correspond to the norm - there are either more of them, or, conversely, less. If the amount of amniotic fluid is reduced, we are talking about. A large amount of amniotic fluid is called polyhydramnios.

A small amount of amniotic fluid threatens with chronic intrauterine hypoxia, since this condition reduces the possibility of free fetal movements. The uterus fits the baby more tightly, and all his movements are painfully felt by the pregnant woman. There is a risk of the baby developing such abnormalities as short height and birth weight, clubfoot, curvature of the spine, dryness and wrinkling of the skin.

If we talk about the causes of low water, then the main ones are infectious and inflammatory diseases in the mother, metabolic disorders, fetoplacental insufficiency, anomalies of the child's urinary system. Often this phenomenon is observed in one of the identical twins due to the uneven distribution of the amniotic fluid.

To increase the amount of amniotic fluid, it is necessary, first of all, to cure or minimize the disease that led to oligohydramnios. In addition, therapy is carried out to improve uteroplacental blood flow, restore gas exchange and matebolism in the placenta.

The opposite phenomenon is polyhydramnios. This diagnosis is made if an ultrasound scan reveals more than 2 liters of fluid in a pregnant woman. The causes of polyhydramnios are a violation of the development of organ systems in a child (digestive, nervous, cardiovascular), infections (syphilis, rubella, etc.), diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman, fetal malformations (Down's disease).

Polyhydramnios can lead to premature water, so this phenomenon must be fought. Treatment consists in getting rid (if possible) of the causes that led to the pathology, as well as taking medications that help normalize the volume of amniotic fluid.

We do not remember what happened to us before birth, but, apparently, we felt good.

  • Firstly, warmth: the temperature of the amniotic fluid is always kept at around 37 ° C.
  • Secondly, it is quite quiet: the liquid absorbs shocks well and drowns out noises coming from the outside world.
  • Thirdly, due to the tightness of the bubble, nothing superfluous gets into it.
  • Fourthly, in the amniotic fluid there are immunoglobulins that protect the little man well from possible troubles.
  • Fifth, the amniotic fluid can be compared to a kind of buffer that protects the baby from pressure from the outside world and makes sure that the main means of communication with the mother - the umbilical cord - is not pinched.
  • Sixth, the child is not deprived of freedom of movement (especially in the early stages) and swims in the amniotic fluid.

Experts note that during the first bathing after birth (its purpose is to wash off the original lubricant), children perfectly relax, feeling themselves in a familiar environment. And this is very important before you start completely new life in a completely different world - the world of fresh air.

Where does water come from and what is it made of?

When a fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to divide, the constituent parts of a complex mechanism are formed: fetal membranes, placenta, umbilical cord and embryo (future baby).

Fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) form a sealed bladder with an absolutely sterile liquid inside. By the end of the second week of pregnancy, the bladder completely fills the uterus, and up to 14 weeks, the amniotic fluid seeps into the baby's body through the skin. Then his skin are enriched with keratin and become thicker, and from that moment the water gets inside through other channels. For example, in the digestive tract: the baby absorbs fluid and removes it from the body along with urine. Over time, the volume of water processed by it reaches several liters per day, despite the fact that there is always about one liter of fluid in the uterus.

Where does it come from? Amniotic fluid is formed due to the sweating of blood plasma from the mother's blood vessels. On later dates During pregnancy, the kidneys and lungs of the baby begin to take part in the production of amniotic fluid. By the end of the term, its quantity reaches 1-1.5 liters, and every three hours it is completely renewed, and one third is processed by the baby.

Almost 97% of amniotic fluid is water, in which a variety of nutrients are dissolved: proteins, mineral salts (calcium, sodium, chlorine). In addition, skin cells, hair cells and aromatic substances - alkaloids can be found in it. It is believed that the smell of amniotic fluid is similar to the smell of breast milk, which allows a newly born baby to accurately determine where the mother's breast is.

In the West, in some maternity hospitals, newborns are not washed their hands so that they can suck on their fingers, "scented" with amniotic fluid, to the smell of which they are so accustomed to.

How are waters involved in the birth process?

Amniotic fluid is a living environment, thanks to the stay in which many vital important functions... The kidneys of the little one begin to work due to the fact that he swallows water, processes and removes them along with urine (in the baby's bladder, amniotic fluid is found already at the 9th week of pregnancy). Over time, the child, like a fish, begins to "inhale" the liquid, doing the first and very important exercise for the lungs, preparing them for breathing in a normal atmosphere. During childbirth, the lungs contract, the remnants of the amniotic fluid come out, and immediately after that, the baby takes his first breath.

At the end of pregnancy, the fetal bladder begins to press on the cervix, which helps it to open. On the day of birth, after the rupture of the membranes (regardless of whether it happens naturally or artificially), fluid enters the birth canal and washes them, which helps the baby to move forward. If the baby lies with his head down, then at the beginning of labor, only those waters that are in front are poured out, while the rest protect him further, and come out only with the birth of the child.

Water volume

Since everything related to the state of amniotic fluid is very important for the health of the child, doctors closely monitor everything that happens to them. Both polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios can negatively affect the development of the embryo.

Isolation of amniotic fluid before delivery

According to statistics, every fifth woman loses some amount of amniotic fluid even before the rupture of the membranes. When the amniotic fluid begins to "leak", mothers get scared: it seems to them that they did not have time to reach the toilet (so as not to be mistaken with conclusions, tighten your muscles: the flow of urine can be stopped by an effort of will, but amniotic fluid cannot).

Because the amniotic fluid leaks into your baby, it is in your best interest to see a doctor. He will take a swab from the cervix for elements of amniotic fluid, and then he will decide what to do next. If it all started before 34 weeks and the baby's lungs have not yet "matured", doctors will prolong the pregnancy, protecting the baby with antibiotics. At this time, the expectant mother will be prescribed medications, with the help of which the baby's lungs "ripen", and the cervix will prepare for childbirth. If the leakage of amniotic fluid is accompanied by an infection (the expectant mother's temperature rises, there are many leukocytes in the blood test and vaginal smear, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) accelerates), the woman immediately begins to prepare for childbirth.

Every woman expecting the appearance of a baby should understand the importance of amniotic fluid, because they perform many useful and significant functions for life. There are pathologies that cannot be ignored.

The importance of amniotic fluid is justified by their need for the normal development of the baby. This fact has been proven by many medical studies. Pathologies can lead to serious disturbances in the development of the fetus, so each makes it possible to keep under control the condition and volume of amniotic fluid.

Having become pregnant, a woman should understand that the first element for a child is water. All 9 months of gestation, the fetus lives in the amniotic fluid. The baby develops there, grows, all organs and systems are formed in him. This habitat is of great importance for the child.

Amniotic fluid meets the needs of the baby and carries information about the condition and immunity of the baby. Amniotic fluid during pregnancy has a very large list of functions for renewing and maintaining immunity, which are necessary for both mother and child. That is why you cannot ignore the alarming symptoms that may indicate problems.


Functions of amniotic fluid:

  • The thermoregulatory function is necessary for the baby, because for the normal development of the baby, the optimal temperature in the womb must be maintained - 37 degrees.
  • Immune protection. The amniotic fluid contains all the necessary components for the development and protection of the baby.
  • The mechanical function protects the baby from external influences. Thanks to her, a comfortable stay of the child in the womb is ensured.
  • The umbilical cord protection function significantly softens the shock. Also, thanks to the amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord is protected from mechanical stress.
  • Hermetic isolation from infections. Thanks to the liquid, the baby is under reliable protection.
  • There are also elements in the amniotic fluid that prevent the baby's body parts from splicing.
  • The function of ensuring optimal development is equally important. Thanks to this, the baby grows, develops and receives all the necessary elements.
  • Metabolic support.
  • Formation of the circulatory system of the fetus.
  • Prevention of bleeding.
  • Due to the structure and composition of the amniotic fluid, it is facilitated.

Composition

About 97% of amniotic fluid is water, it contains elements such as proteins, salts. Also present are skin particles, hair, and constituents called alkaloids. It is believed that the smell of the liquid is similar to breast milk.

For this reason, only a baby born into the world accurately understands where mother's breast is, at the level and by smell. When amniotic fluid appears, the kidneys of the child begin to work, the defenses of the baby's body are renewed.

Volume

By the end of gestation, the amount of water is approaching one to one and a half liters, every 3 hours the liquid is renewed, while the baby processes the third part. There are pathologies in which the volume of amniotic fluid can be more than the norm - polyhydramnios or less than the norm - oligohydramnios. The reasons are below.

Colour

According to known standards, the water in the womb should have a transparent light color. They should not contain any impurities. In another case, there may be a pathological process that can be harmful. If abnormal, the water may turn cloudy or green.

Diagnostic value

Amniotic fluid is considered a living environment for a reason, thanks to the presence in which babies form the correct functioning of organs and systems. The kidneys begin their work due to the fact that the baby swallows water, which is excreted in the urine (in the baby's bladder, amniotic fluid appears already on).

After a while, the baby, in the likeness of a fish, begins to "breathe" with water, carrying out a significant exercise for his respiratory system, thereby preparing himself for breathing in an ordinary environment.

Also, for diagnosis, amniotic fluid can be used to detect genetic diseases.

Pathology

Polyhydramnios - one of the types of pathological processes during pregnancy. This condition is characterized by the fact that the amniotic fluid begins to exceed the norm in volume. The exact quantitative indicator of the fluid is determined by the doctor on an ultrasound scan.

It was not possible to establish 100% reasons for these problems. But at the same time, there are certain groups whose risk of getting pathology is slightly higher than that of others:

  • Diseases of a chronic nature in a pregnant woman, for example, diabetes, heart disease.
  • Infections in any organs.
  • - a large volume of water from one fruit often comes with a lack of water in the other.
  • Large fruit sizes.
  • Vices in the formation of the child.

With polyhydramnios, the following manifestations are characteristic: abdominal pain, shortness of breath, swelling of the extremities, too frequent pulse. The patient with such symptoms will need to go to the hospital and undergo a set of additional examinations.

The plan and duration of treatment depends on the cause of the polyhydramnios. The patient may be prescribed vitamins, antibiotics, diuretics. During treatment, the doctor controls weight, pressure, temperature. Appointed to undergo cardiography, ultrasound. The general condition of the child and mother is kept under control, the doctor monitors the slightest changes in the patient's health.

There is another side of this pathology, called lack of water ... This condition is characterized by insufficient volumes of liquid. Low water is a problem that any expectant mother can face.

Reasons that can provoke pathology:

  • Complex congenital malformations of the kidneys in the fetus.
  • Chronic diseases of the expectant mother, for example, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases.
  • Infections in the genitals.
  • The presence of bad habits in the expectant mother.
  • The presence of viruses and infections, influenza.
  • Availability late.
  • Pathological changes in the placenta.
  • Multiple gestation - when one embryo has little water, it often comes with polyhydramnios in another.
  • The time when the baby is carried more term(the placenta becomes obsolete, and the amount of water decreases).

The expectant mother, faced with such problems, may experience aching pains in the abdomen, while the fetal movement becomes painful, the general condition worsens, and weakness may appear. High fever is an important symptom.

The woman is admitted to the hospital. All manipulations will be aimed at supporting the baby and expectant mother in a normal state. Thanks to special drugs and procedures, the health and condition of the mother and child is normalized.

Pathology is also dripping ... When water starts to leak ahead of schedule, it can lead to serious consequences. The signs of this pathology include the fact that the amount of fluid released becomes much larger in the process of changing position. This is a rather dangerous process, so the patient must definitely consult a doctor. Cause leaking infection, presentation of the fetus and bad habits future mother.

Another pathology -amniotic fluid Green colour, not too rare. The reason for such waters may be a baby - when there is not enough oxygen, the anus may contract, which leads to the release of feces from the baby. This gives the liquid a green tint and negatively affects the development of the baby, who swallows contaminated water.

So, amniotic fluid is a significant substance for a baby in the womb. There are pathologies when the rate of amniotic fluid during pregnancy is exceeded or reduced. The color, composition, volume of the liquid are also important - all this matters. Pathologies of this kind should be treated permanently with the use of drugs and vitamins. Peace and regularity of life are important for the patient. Excessive activity and physical activity are contraindicated.

Useful video about the rupture of amniotic fluid

I like!