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Bouquets of chrysanthemums last a long time in a vase, which is why they are loved by customers. Breeders have developed many varieties of various shapes and colors. But it was the yellow plants that became the symbol of the Japanese Imperial House. The "Golden Flower" is depicted on the Japanese coat of arms, seal and coins. The ancestors of the ten-thousandth varietal diversity were only two species: Indian Chrysanthemum from Southeast Asia and Chrysanthemum mulberry from China. Cold-resistant varieties are united by a common name - “Korean”, named after the country that created them.

Legends, beliefs and magic

The Chinese parable of the chrysanthemum attributes its origin to a greedy dragon. The flying serpent wanted to deprive humanity of the Sun, but did not calculate its strength. He grabbed the fireball with his paws, but could not hold on to the scorching luminary. The eggs scattered from the sun fell to the ground, and chrysanthemums sprouted in those places.

The Japanese version of the origin of the chrysanthemum says that during the reign of a cruel emperor in China, the following story happened. The ruler was not afraid of anything except his own old age and death. To create an elixir of immortality, he summoned doctors from all over the world. Only one of them undertook to help him, warning him that the drug could only be made from one plant growing on distant islands. But a person with pure thoughts must collect its flowers.

The European variation carries a sad connotation. The legend says that chrysanthemums sprouted on the son’s grave from the tears of a grief-stricken mother, in place of artificial wreaths lying. Therefore in European countries chrysanthemum is associated with a tragic meaning. In Italy it symbolizes love and sadness at the same time, and in England and France it is used in mourning ceremonies.

Eastern culture, on the contrary, endows the flower with limitless magical possibilities for prolonging life and preserving health. So the yellow chrysanthemum, collected on the 9th day of the 9th month according to eastern calendar has miraculous properties, driving away bad things and protecting the house from misfortunes. According to Feng Shui, these flowers establish a balance between the feminine and masculine principles in the home. Gifted to a man, they enhance masculine energy, and to a woman – feminine energy. If you wear dry chrysanthemum or jewelry with its images as a talisman, it will give you self-confidence and help you achieve your goals. The Chinese still practice washing their face in the morning and drinking dew from chrysanthemum petals. According to one belief, this helped one Taoist monk live 700 years.

Medicinal properties

According to scientific research, there is a bit of truth in endowing the chrysanthemum with mystical properties. The petals contain potassium, selenium, zinc, magnesium, which are important in the treatment of the nervous system and eye diseases. In Chinese medicine, all parts of the plant are used. Dried leaves for migraines, dried inflorescences to increase appetite, petals in ophthalmology. In Europe based essential oils Leaf juice has been used to treat Parkinson's disease. IN folk medicine recipes are given for the treatment of hypertension, abscesses, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, arthritis and in complex therapy. Used to enhance immunity and in aromatherapy.

A variety of edible chrysanthemum, Tonghao, is eaten as a side dish or dessert in China. Considering life expectancy and appearance Asian peoples, perhaps this ingredient is the key to their elixir of youth, as ancient Eastern legends say.

Chrysanthemums in floristry

Chrysanthemums belong to the Astrov family. They take second place in the world after roses in the number of cut flowers grown. Its popularity is also explained by the fact that during the year you can harvest 3-4 crops in a greenhouse. The inflorescences consist of tubular and reed flowers, which are colloquially called petals. Due to the abundance of sizes, shapes, types of inflorescences and constant selection, the plant is difficult to classify. The most famous division into 13 groups according to the type of flowers:

• randomly bent;
• wrapped;
• symmetrically bent;
• intermediately bent;
• decorative;
• pompons;
• anemoid;
• arachnids;
• spoon-shaped;
• feather-like;
• racemose;
• single semi-double;
• unclassified when several varietal characteristics are present at once.

All these varieties are used in bouquets and compositions. Small-flowered button-shaped chrysanthemums are often used to create designs in the form soft toys or other stylized figures.

The following shades have been developed by hybridizers:

• pink;
• purple;
• lilac;
• red;
• yellow;
• orange;
• bronze;
• white;
• green;
• brown.

Some varieties are distinguished by their bicolor, different shades from the outside and inside. These features are used by breeders to develop new tones by clipping flowers of one shade, then cross-pollinating and cultivating another.

A cut chrysanthemum will last in a vase for 2-3 weeks without special care, and if a number of rules are followed, it will delight the eye for a month and a half:

• after cutting, they are brought into a cool, damp room: basement, cellar, refrigerator with a temperature of +4 degrees;
• The lower leaves and branch shoots are removed from the stems;
• the edge of the cut is broken with hammer blows or 8-10 cuts are made with a knife to a depth of 10-12 cm;
• before transportation, plants are watered for 2 hours at a temperature of +5 with ice added to the water;
• transport chrysanthemums without water, standing in dry boxes or lying down;
• large-flowered plants wither faster;
• small-flowered ones are cut off when the bud is fully colored when the size reaches 1-2 cm, large-flowered ones - 4-6 cm;
• unopened buds in a warm room +22 and a nutrient solution will bloom in a week.

What does color say and what is it combined with?

Bouquets are composed in one color scheme or combine several different shades. When decorating them with your own hands, learn in advance about the compatibility of shades in one composition, so as not to get into trouble:

1. A bouquet of yellow chrysanthemums is given as a gift, expressing fidelity, sincerity and wishing financial prosperity and longevity.
2. White ones are presented as a sign of deep sympathy, love, purity and innocence, sincerity of feelings, joy.
3. Purple flowers symbolize fidelity, devotion, trust, and friendly participation.
4. Orange tones in the composition are a sign of personal pride with a mixture of coquetry.
5. Blue flowers symbolize dreams, hope and constancy of thoughts.
6. Red, purple, scarlet tones express a mixed palette of feelings: passion, ardor, jealousy, love.
7. Green bouquets appeared recently, but quickly became popular; with their help they express hope, symbolize the beginning of a new thing, the birth of life.

In one bouquet next to the chrysanthemum for the longest time proper care idle:

• alstroemeria 4 weeks;
• cloves 4 weeks;
• lilies 3 weeks;
• dahlias 2 weeks;
• gerberas 2 weeks;
• hydrangeas 2 weeks;
• roses 1 week.

Bouquets of chrysanthemums are complemented with greenery, ears of corn, and berries. The leaf ones most often used are:

• aspidistra;
• asparagus;
• bergras;
• hispophila;
• hypericum;
• craspedia;
• monstera;
• ruscus;
• salal;
• fern.

Autumn charm

The combination of white or yellow spray chrysanthemums with bright gerberas is suitable for a women's bouquet. The flowers fit well together in the same vase and only need daily pruning and changing the water and nutrient solution.

You will need:

• chrysanthemum branches 5 pcs.;
• red and orange gerberas 5 pcs.;
• fern branches 5 pcs.;
• gypsophila 1 pc.;
• sisal for packaging;
• scissors;
• stapler;
• white and red ribbon.

Step-by-step instructions for decorating a bouquet of chrysanthemums and gerberas with photos:

We take a gypsophila branch and place the first gerbera on it. We take into account that we collect the bouquet using a spiral technique, which means that the stems of the elements are located diagonally relative to each other at an angle of 45 degrees.

After the gerbera, we apply a branch of spray chrysanthemum next to it, following the technique.

We take plants sequentially so that next to each other we find different colors and shapes.

We place a fern along the outer edge of the bouquet at the locations of the gerberas.

We tie the bouquet with a thin ribbon so that it does not fall apart while we prepare the packaging.

Trim the longest stems.

We unwind a roll of green sisal along a length 2.5 times the volume of the bouquet.

Fold the bottom edge of the sisal in half, creating a hem. We fix it with a stapler.

Cut the red ribbon from the skein to decorate the top of the packaging.

We crumple the sisal with one hand, simulating a wave at the bottom.

We decorate the bouquet in sisal, fasten the packaging at the top with a stapler, and tie a red satin ribbon at the bottom.

We tie a bow from it and straighten all the elements of the composition.

"Birth of a Family"

Bridal bouquet in creamy green tones corresponds to modern fashion trends. If you prepare the necessary elements, you can make a beautiful wedding bouquet of roses and chrysanthemums with your own hands. You will need:

• 25 roses in milky, cream or pale pink;
• 2-3 branches of green small chrysanthemums;
• porta bouquet holder;
• piaflor "oasis";
• double sided tape;
• scissors;
• white satin ribbon;
• small spruce branches.

Bouquet design for the bride with photo:

1. We trim the stems of roses and chrysanthemums, but do not throw them away. We remove the thorns and lower leaves, and spread the trimmings in an even layer on double-sided tape.
2. We apply a “mat” of scraps to the leg of the porta bouquet maker to imitate a bouquet on its stems.

1. We cut out a ball from the piaflora according to the volume of the middle of the porta bouquet. We saturate it with a solution for cut flowers. We do not force the sponge into the water, but wait a couple of hours for it to sink to the bottom on its own.
2. We place the piaflora in the middle of the porta bouquet and decorate the outer edge with rose leaves.

1. We stick roses and chrysanthemums into the “oasis” sponge, starting from the center to the outer edge.
2. We fill the voids with spruce, thuja or cypress branches.
3. Decorate the leg with white satin ribbon, winding several layers, for the convenience of the bride and so that the artificial “stems” do not come off.

"Winter freshness"

Bouquets of white, yellow chrysanthemums and irises look elegant and joyful. Moreover, irises can be blue, lilac, purple, white or yellow. You can wrap such a composition in sisal, kraft or the usual packaging film. In such tandems, the leading role is given to the bush chrysanthemum, and the iris plays the role of an accent. Let's prepare for work:

• chrysanthemum branches 5 pcs.;
• irises 8-10 pcs.;
• adhesive tape for fixation;
• decorative satin ribbon;
• scissors;
• packaging.

Design of a composition of chrysanthemums and irises:

1. Starting from the central branch, we will assemble a bouquet using a spiral technique.
2. We alternately place elements of different textures.
3. We tie the bottom of the stems and straighten the flowers.
4. Cut the stems to the same level.
5. We wrap it in packaging if desired and decorate it with a satin ribbon and tie a bow.

"Misha for Masha"

Toys made from fresh flowers are a very cute gift for little birthday girls or young girls. Small-flowered chrysanthemums are used for such compositions. Thanks to the durability of this flower when cut. Moreover, the basis will be piaflor, watered with a nutrient solution. To create the Bear we will prepare:

• piaflora bars 2-3 pcs.;
• green small chrysanthemums 4-5 branches;
• yellow small-flowered chrysanthemums 2-3 branches;
• a piece of textile for a scarf;
• toy eyes and nose from a craft store;
• stationery knife;
• wooden skewers and toothpicks;
• nutritious powder for cut flowers;
• a bowl of cold water;
• stand and other decor: a ball, a basket, a mushroom or other elements.

Making a Bear:

Floral sponge piaflor is easily cut using a florist or stationery knife. We give the elements the shape of a fairy-tale hero.

We assemble the parts using wooden skewers.

We place the bear collected from piaflora in a bowl with a dissolved nutrient solution.

We cut chrysanthemum inflorescences from the branches and use toothpicks to attach them to the nourished PR flora. Let's start with the muzzle.

Attach the eyes and nose.

We tie a bow around the neck of the toy and decorate it with additional elements.

Chrysanthemum is the most common and popular flower due to its enormous diversity of species: there are ten thousand varieties in nature. This flower is universal, so it is given for any occasion and just like that, to lift your spirits. The chrysanthemum conveys its vital energy to the hero of the occasion, and the one who gives it - the sincerity of intentions. How to make a bouquet of chrysanthemums, what flowers they are combined with, read the article.

How to preserve a gifted bouquet for a long time?

The indisputable advantage of chrysanthemums is that they retain their freshness for a long time. But you never want to part with a bouquet given by a loved one. What should be done to make chrysanthemums last longer? How to extend their life? To keep flowers fresh for a long time, you need to consider the following recommendations:

• To form a bouquet, you need to take open flowers, since chrysanthemums placed in water do not have buds that open.
• To prevent the water from spoiling quickly, you need to get rid of the lower leaves before placing a bouquet of chrysanthemums in the water.
• To ensure that plants receive more water, their stems are pruned and split. It is better to do this without removing the flowers from the vase.
• The bouquet should be placed in a cool place (20 o C). The main thing is that it should not be exposed to direct rays of the sun.
• The water in the vase where the flowers stand should always be fresh. It should be changed once every two days, at least. Each time you need to trim the stems, but very carefully, since chrysanthemums have fragile stems.
• If a bouquet of chrysanthemums withers, they must be immersed first in hot water and then in cold water. After this, immediately trim the stems and place the flowers in water heated to 25 o C.
• If wilted inflorescences appear on a bouquet of spray chrysanthemums, they must be removed immediately, as they have an interesting feature of changing their color. When large quantity buds general perception the bouquet will be different.
• Flowers do not tolerate drafts, so they need to be protected.

Who do they give chrysanthemums to?

These flowers, even when cut, retain their beauty and attractiveness for a long time, so they are given as a gift in any season of the year, even in winter. There will be reasons for this, since there are always many events in the life of every person. A bouquet of chrysanthemums for a birthday, anniversary, wedding, ceremony always looks perfect. The bride will be delighted with a bouquet with small white or cream chrysanthemums. Large flowers will delight your wife, because they are presented with love and tenderness. Mature woman, who occupies a high position, will admire cherry and burgundy chrysanthemums. She will definitely like red flowers with a wine tint.

What does the color of chrysanthemums symbolize?

To date, the homeland of this flower has not been precisely established. But many researchers believe that this is the East. It is no coincidence that the golden chrysanthemum occupies a place of honor in the coat of arms of Japan. This flower is called “golden”, it is the “queen” of autumn. To date, more than 150 species have been bred various forms and flowers.

• The most common chrysanthemums are yellow. A bouquet of them is given when they want to confess their love to their chosen one and feel the need to always be close to her.
• These white petaled flowers represent good intentions that are sincere, honest and open.
• Purple and lilac flowers have a different meaning. This bouquet of chrysanthemums helps you understand how valuable your friend is to you.
• The red petals of the flower are the personification of love, and the pink ones are the initial stage of this feeling.
• buds of blue color They emphasize wisdom, so a bouquet of them is given to the wife.

Interesting fact: Chrysanthemums of any color in Italy and France are a symbol of sadness and mourning. Wreaths made from them can be found on the graves of the dead. In Eastern countries, on the contrary, yellow chrysanthemums are a source of energy. They are raw materials for making medicines, creams and much more. A bouquet from here is given from Best wishes health and longevity.

What chrysanthemums are used to make bouquets?

These flowers come in different shapes:

• Bush chrysanthemums - their inflorescences consist of open buds. They are used to create a natural style bouquet.
• Single-headed chrysanthemums - these flowers have big size, due to which the core is almost invisible. They are used to create a discreet composition.

Both have great species diversity. Their petals have different shapes - terry, semi-double, spoon-shaped, tube-shaped. More often a bouquet of spray chrysanthemums is collected in combination with other flowers.

Bouquet for the bride

Thanks to the wide variety of flowers, it is not difficult for the bride to create a bouquet that will highlight her individuality and become a means of expressing any wedding image: touching, romantic, daring. How to collect a bouquet of chrysanthemums for the bride? Flowers are chosen in accordance with the style of the dress, accessories, hairstyle, and makeup are not overlooked. These flowers easily tolerate the cold, so brides use them not only for bouquets, but also for compositions that decorate the room for a wedding celebration in autumn or winter period.

Bouquet of only chrysanthemums

By skillfully using a wide variety of varieties of this flower, you can create beautiful bouquet compositions. But it is important to follow these recommendations:

• Chrysanthemums of different varieties should be combined in color. Looks good yellow tint with lilac or green, burgundy and white.
• Select flowers of different heights.
• If there is no decorative greenery, the bouquet is complemented with green chrysanthemums. They set off bright colors.
• One bouquet can consist of chrysanthemums, the buds of which have different sizes. But moderation is needed here; bulky buds should not cover smaller ones.
• Bouquets of chrysanthemums of the same color, but of different varieties, are interesting and very expressive.

What colors do chrysanthemums go with?

These flowers are the most luxurious decorations in autumn. During the period of wilting, they are the last “rays of the sun”. Compositions of white, red, blue, yellow flowers they look luxurious and very solemn, especially in combination with other types of plants. How to collect a bouquet of chrysanthemums? Usually these flowers play a dominant role, so it is better to complement them with one type of plant.

Irises and lilies are ideal, as are sprigs of asparagus and ferns. The flowers should not be pressed against each other, they should be given freedom. Plants with different stem heights add naturalness to the bouquet. Bouquets of spray chrysanthemums look great in combination with dahlias, carnations, roses, nasturtium, verbena, and yellow gerbera.

Chrysanthemums and alstroemerias

This combination of colors looks very expressive. The bouquet is a symbol of happiness and joy. It is assumed that the person to whom it is given is distinguished by his originality and creative nature. Girls often receive such a bouquet arrangement on their first date.

Chrysanthemum with gerbera

A bouquet with these flowers looks original due to the brightness of the gerbera petals and the splendor of the chrysanthemums. Thanks to this combination, there are many options for creating extravagant and romantic bouquets.

Chrysanthemums and carnations

This bouquet is suitable for a bride who professes Christianity, since the carnation is a symbol of understanding, love, according to this faith, and marriage bonds. There is a legend that this flower first bloomed when Jesus was born. In former times it was used to make wedding bouquets, but modern brides have unfairly forgotten about it.

Chrysanthemums and roses

The bouquet is suitable for any celebration, including a wedding. The rose is the bride's, in which the dominant place is given to the chrysanthemum. Compact bush roses and large single-headed chrysanthemums go well together.

Chrysanthemums and gypsophila

Such a bouquet emphasizes the modesty of a girl whose character hides great creative potential. When we make a bouquet of chrysanthemums and gypsophila, the wedding bouquet is transformed into an elegant attribute that is suitable for a celebration of any style.

Chrysanthemum is the most widespread plant on the continent. It came to us from China and Japan. Interestingly, the first images of it on Chinese porcelain were made 2500 years ago. According to legend, the cruel Chinese emperor learned about the chrysanthemum - a flower from which the elixir of immortality is prepared. But only a person with a pure soul and a kind heart could tear it down. The emperor sent many young people to the island to get a flower, but none of them returned. The emperor soon died, and the people on the island founded a new state - Japan. In Japan, a real cult of the chrysanthemum has been created, because it is considered a symbol of the country, although unofficial.

It is thanks to its diversity of species (there are about 10,000 varieties), colors and shapes that it has gained well-deserved popularity. Of all the flowers familiar to us, chrysanthemum is the most universal: it can be given for any occasion. These flowers don't just lift your spirits: they add vital energy. And the donor, presenting a bouquet of chrysanthemums, expresses the sincerity of his intentions.

Chrysanthemum is a noble flower. A wedding bouquet of chrysanthemums gives the bride’s outfit a special significance, emphasizing the solemnity of the moment. When creating a composition, florists combine flowers and decorative elements so that even after the bride is thrown, the bouquet retains its attractive appearance. It is believed that a composition of chrysanthemums brings happiness not only to its owner, but also to her chosen one.

Chrysanthemums can decorate any holiday. Many people associate yellow with separation, but this is a big misconception. Yellow is the color of the sun, a symbol of kindness and sincere relationships. They inspire and charm and always attract attention.

To correctly compose a bouquet, you must have extraordinary talent, because flowers can tell a lot about their owner. Each flower carries its own meaning, so by choosing a certain combination of flowers, you can not only give a person pleasant emotions, but also tell about your feelings.

Great importance is also given to flower etiquette: if you are planning to invite a guest to dinner, you should give him a bouquet during the day, and if you just met him on the street, you can give him a small bouquet of chrysanthemums as a sign of attention. This flower is good to give to ladies of Balzac age. The bitter aroma of plants is associated with autumn, and in general this flower gains full strength precisely at this time.

The fact that chrysanthemums remain fresh for a long time is their indisputable advantage, which is why you can purchase them in any quantity. Special care they do not require and can be a wonderful decoration for any interior, maintaining their original appearance for about a month (much longer than all other flowers), especially if certain conditions are met.

How to preserve a bouquet for a long time

Master class: making a composition from chrysanthemums

Let's try to make it ourselves flower arrangement in European style. Round shapes pleasing to the eye, creating a positive mood. You can give such flowers to your mother, grandmother, sister, friend.

Tools and materials

• oasis.;
• scissors;
• fern, ficus or croton - 2 branches;
• branches of bird cherry or other green shrubs;
• sprig of gypsophila;
• chrysanthemums - 3 branches for a small composition;
• container for the base (vase, basket, any plastic cup).

Step-by-step instruction

1. We measure out the required piece of oasis (you can press a mold into it).
2. We lower the oasis into the water (easy, without pressure).
3. When it is saturated with water, take it out and cut off all excess.
4. When installing in a basket, first pack the oasis in polyethylene (or line the bottom of the basket).
5. We secure the oasis at the base with tape, tying it to the container.
6. If the base is not decorative, you can immediately cover the bowl with floral mesh or other decorative material.
7. We set the length and width of the composition by inserting fern leaves into the oasis. They need to be trimmed first.
8. Having secured the fern leaves around the circle or perimeter of your composition, we supplement it with branches of bird cherry or any
9. blossoming bush.
10. We remove the leaves of chrysanthemums, determine the size and height of the bouquet and trim the stem. We do not insert it into the oasis all the way, otherwise water will not flow.
11. We insert the flowers symmetrically, at the same distance. If you are in doubt about the proportions, you can hold the flowers to the mirror, so all the errors are very clearly visible.

You can also make an ordinary round bouquet of chrysanthemums with your own hands for a vase. Just place the flowers not in parallel, but at an angle, then they do not merge, and each chrysanthemum has its own appearance. We tie up the bouquet. If the chrysanthemums are the same color, florists tint them with multi-colored floral spray paint and add sparkles. The view turns out much more interesting, brighter, more festive. If desired, add flower toys and glass beads.