The purpose of the lesson: To familiarize yourself with the traditional elements of painting female figurines in the Dymkovo folk clay toy.
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
- Introduce the works of Russian folk crafts and the history of the development of the Dymkovo toy.
- Learn to decorate a toy lady with patterns, preserving the traditions of the Dymkovo masters.
Educational:
- Develop the ability to analyze, compare, highlight the main and distinctive features and features of the painting of the Dymkovo ladies.
- Develop a sense of rhythm and emotional responsiveness to the paintings of masters.
- Develop skills in performing elements of traditional painting.
Educational:
- Cultivate interest and love for folk art.
- To increase students' interest in folk art products.
- Cultivate artistic taste.
Equipment: media projector, laptop, screen, gouache, brushes, sticks, stencils.
- Literary series: poems.
- Musical range: folk songs.
- Visual range: electronic presentation“Painting of the Dymkovo lady.”
During the classes
1. Organizational moment (1-2 min.)
Preparing students for the lesson (brushes, gouache, water, ear sticks, napkins, ladies’ stencils) Checking readiness.
2. Setting the lesson goal (3 min.)
Let's listen to music. Today we are having fun for a reason.
(2 students in Russian costumes come out)
To the fair, to the fair
Hurry up everyone here!
There are jokes, songs, sweets
We've been waiting for you for a long time, friends.The toys here are great
Folding oh well
Always famous everywhere
You will like them too!
A fair is an auction held in one place at one time
In Rus' they loved fairs and bazaars. It's always fun here: music, songs, whistling, noise.
And they bring home-made goods from all over the world to the fair. There are painted boards, lace, gilded dishes, and clay toys. These beautiful things not only serve us in life, people use them to decorate the environment around us. People have been creating beautiful things for a long time. Entire villages were engaged in folk crafts - the production of decorative and applied products. They contain benefit and beauty, the wisdom of the people.
Today we will get acquainted with the traditional painting of female figurines in the folk craft Dymkovo clay toy.
III. Explanation of new material (15-20 min.)
What is Dymkovo famous for? With your toy!
There is no smoky color in it, that grayness is gray.
There is something in it from a rainbow, from drops of dew,
There is something of joy in her, ringing like bass!
Everyone has a favorite toy. Even in primitive society, farmers made figurines of women from clay, decorated them with grains of wheat, and painted patterns on them. In Russia, toys were made everywhere, they were credited with a special power - to guard, protect people from all evil. So these toys appeared - seemingly identical, but at the same time different. Each toy’s own shape, color, and painting pattern give the toy a unique charm.
Since today we are getting to know the Dymkovo lady, let’s think about who this lady is? (The master's wife, an important, arrogant, spoiled woman) Is she like that?
To find out everything about the Dymkovo lady, let's take a photo trip.
I turn on the presentation.
Slide 1. The land of Vyatka is wide, free and beautiful. The city was founded in the 12th century, but only in the 19th century did the clay toy industry emerge. Since 1934, Vyatka was renamed the city of Kirov.
Slide 2. Wonderful Russian women lived in Vyatka, wore Russian folk costume, a variety of hats and were very fond of jewelry.
Slide 3. In different centers, women’s sculptures were sculpted and painted differently. But Dymkovskaya cannot be confused with anything! Not a woman - a lady, beautiful, stately and elegant.
Slides 4–6. Wonderful and fun toys! The toy, molded from local red clay, was whitewashed with milk and chalk, and then painted with tempera paint. The lady was traditionally dressed in a blouse and skirt, on her head - a kokoshnik, a crown, a scarf or various hats. Aprons were often seen.
Slide 7. This is how the Dymkovo lady was sculpted.
Slides 8–19. The sequence of painting the lady.
Face: cheeks and mouth - circles of red, single, orange colors
Eyebrows: thin arches of black color.
Eyes: black dots.
The lady's skirt is always painted, simple patterns applied with a brush by hand on a white background.
A single-color blouse matches any color of skirt decoration.
Headdresses - kokoshniks, crowns are most often painted yellow, orange or red, being symbols of the heavenly bodies. A variety of hats match the colors of the patterns on the skirt.
Hair Brown various shades.
The earrings are yellow or orange.
The aprons remain white; dots, crosses, and wavy lines are applied with a thin brush, imitating folk embroidery.
Slides 20–22. We glue small diamonds from gold foil onto the protruding parts of the toy and the wonderful ladies are ready!
Now I ask you to answer my questions. They can be easily answered by those who carefully watched our photo journey.
Do all Dymkovo ladies groom themselves the same? Don't some ladies look more elegant, and some ladies look simpler?
Indeed, female figures can be divided into rural and urban.
Rural ladies have fewer decorations on their clothes, “village” headdresses, and most often wear them in aprons. In the hands of rural ladies there is a loaf of bread, a samovar, animals or birds, the nanny ladies are surrounded by children.
City ladies are more elegant: there is an abundance of flounces on the skirt and jacket, fancy hats, and no aprons. In their crayfish they have umbrellas, handbags, and small dogs.
But all the patterns are good!
Please list what pattern elements we find in skirt painting? (circles, stripes, diamonds, cells, wavy lines...)
What do you think the villagers compared these lines to? (A wavy line - waves on the water, an uneven road, circles - the sun, heavenly bodies, dots - grains thrown into the ground, a cage-field. Each symbol conveyed an image of the nature that surrounded a person.
Do you think the painting patterns are floral or geometric? (Geometric)
The color scheme in the painting is varied. The favorite colors were red, blue, yellow, and green. In painting toys, depending on the size, an average of 6 to 8 colors were used. The colors were bleached to obtain a lighter color. Dymkovo craftswomen created 250 types of patterns for women's skirts and 100 types of aprons.
Before we get started, let’s look at how the elements in the patterns are arranged differently (Look at the manuals on the board)
- Elements are arranged in a row
- The elements are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
- In a cage between the lines.
The points are located between the rings, on the rings, along the edges of the rings.
Physical education session (1–2 min.)
Let's have fun with you!
Let's go, let's go
To the forest for nuts! (Children stand up and march)
We bent down and collected!
We reached up - we tear it down!
We put them in a basket and take them to the fair!
IV. Practical work (20 min.)
Now I suggest you become masters of toy making and paint each of your own toy ladies.
We trace the stencil of the toy in the vertical format of an A4 sheet
We separate the skirt from the blouse with a simple pencil; the tips of the lady’s hands will also remain white.
Select the headdress and apron (if any)
Open the gouache, the main tool is brushes and ear sticks for making dots
And now it’s your turn to show your skills!
V. Summing up the lesson (2 min.)
We hang completed and neat works on a board, as if we were placing them on a fair table. Do you think the buyers will guess where these ladies were brought from?
Let's choose our favorite toy.
Program content: Strengthen children's knowledge about folk crafts. Teach children to paint the full figure of the Dymkovo young lady, make the jacket and kokoshnik one color, the skirt patterned; develop the ability to choose one of the pattern options for a skirt (from stripes, checks, rings or circles, alternating with other elements); convey the peculiarity of the pattern on the skirt widening downwards (increasing large elements or increasing the distance between the stripes), observe the selection of colors characteristic of the painting of the Dymkovo young lady (the color of the blouse and headdress is repeated in some elements of the pattern on the skirt). Develop Creative skills and aesthetic taste. Foster respect and interest in folk crafts.
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Teacher at preschool educational institution
d/s "Landysh" Balashov
Kalambet Elena Borisovna
Decorative drawing with children of the preparatory group
“Painting of the Dymkovo young lady”
Program content:Strengthen children's knowledge about folk crafts. Teach children to paint the full figure of the Dymkovo young lady, make the jacket and kokoshnik one color, the skirt patterned; develop the ability to choose one of the pattern options for a skirt (from stripes, checks, rings or circles, alternating with other elements); convey the peculiarity of the pattern on the skirt widening downwards (increasing large elements or increasing the distance between the stripes), observe the selection of colors characteristic of the painting of the Dymkovo young lady (the color of the blouse and headdress is repeated in some elements of the pattern on the skirt). Develop creativity and aesthetic taste. Foster respect and interest in folk crafts.
Preliminary work:Examination of illustrations and objects of decorative and applied art, conversations about folk crafts, memorization of poems, ditties and proverbs about folk toys, d/i “City of Masters”, “Make a Pattern”, making models of Dymkovo toys for painting.
Visual demonstration material:Dymkovo toys, a painting with a view of the Dymkovo settlement, pictures depicting Dymkovo toys and other types of decorative and applied art, samples of elements of Dymkovo painting and color combinations, options for decorating the skirts of Dymkovo young ladies with patterns.
Equipment: Paints (gouache), brushes of different thicknesses, stands, napkins, jars of water, palettes, volumetric models Dymkovo ladies.
Tape recorder, audio recording of Russian folk melodies.
Progress of the lesson:
Children enter to Russian folk music and stand in a semicircle.
Vosp : Hello guys! Look how much beautiful toys visiting us today! Did you recognize them? What kind of young ladies are these? What is the name of this toy?
Children : These are Dymkovo ladies, this is a Dymkovo toy.
Play: That's right, what do we know about this bright, elegant toy?
(in front of the children is a picture with a view of Dymkovskaya Sloboda)
Look at the picture. What kind of village is it in the haze?
(children read poems about the Dymkovo fishery)
- By the road, spruce trees are sleeping in the gray frost
The trees are sleeping, the river, frozen in ice, is sleeping.
The snow is falling softly, blue smoke is curling
It’s as if everything around is in a haze, blue distances...
- And the people named their native village “Dymkovo”.
They loved songs and dances there.
Fairy tales were born in that village.
The evenings are long in winter and they sculpt there from clay.
- All toys are not simple,
And magically - painted
Snow-white, like birches,
Circles, squares, stripes.
- A seemingly simple pattern
And I can’t look away.
And the glory of Dymka spread,
Having earned the right to do so!
- They talk about her everywhere.
We will bow to this amazing miracle more than once!
And about the Dymkovo toy
We are now telling a story.
Vosp : Well done boys! And now I suggest you find pictures depicting the Dymkovo toy among those hanging throughout the group. You need to find a picture and justify your choice. Be careful, don't make a mistake!
(children look at the pictures hanging on the crosses (according to Bazarny), choosing the ones they need among the pictures depicting various folk crafts and justify their choice)
Vosp : Well done! All the pictures were chosen correctly!
Vosp : Today I invite you to become masters of Dymkovo painting. Let's look at the features of the Dymkovo pattern.
Questions:
- What do the young ladies have in one color?
- What is decorated with a pattern?
- What elements are used to decorate the skirt?
- What colors are there?
- Does the pattern on the skirt have the same colors as the blouse and kokoshnik?
- Do all dolls have the same colors?
- Why do you think the rings and stripes get larger downwards?
The teacher summarizes the children’s answers:
*Colors are repeated, so there is no unnecessary variegation.
*Feature of the pattern: the rings increase towards the bottom of the skirt and the distances between the stripes widen.
Play: And now, I propose to go to the workshop and decorate the models of young ladies that we have made with the Dymkovo pattern.
But what is this – the workshop is closed?!
To get into the workshop, you need to answer 3 questions:
- What is the name of the holiday - a fair where people sold their products?
- Why this folk craft called Dymkovo?
- Where are the workshops now where they make the Dymkovo toy?
Vosp : The workshop is open - let’s go in and get to work.
Let's stretch our fingers and check our posture.
Warm-up : finger gymnastics"Haze"
We were sculpted by masters, it’s time to paint us. Children are warming up. Horses, young ladies, lambs - all tall and slender. hands and perform Circles, squares, stripes on the sides are visible. movements with words
(children decorate models of young ladies with patterns (folk music sounds while drawing), after finishing work they place them in a “round dance” on the table in the center of the group and stand around it, looking at how beautiful the young ladies turned out).
Vosp : Oh yes, we made good ladies! The real ones are Dymkovo!
Analysis of children's works:
Play: Who wants to talk about their work? Which young lady has the right colors chosen and beautifully combined? Which young lady is different from everyone else? Why? Whose work did you like the most? Why?
Vosp : Yes, guys, your young ladies turned out to be elegant and cheerful, just like the music to which they will dance their round dance! Let's start a fun round dance with them!
Those who worked from the heart - now have fun, dance!
(children dance around their young ladies to the music).
Summary of the integrated GCD
Subject : « Dymkovo lady » .
Age group : preparatory group.
Form of joint activity : integrated gcd .
Integration of areas : “Artistic and aesthetic development”, "Cognitive Development", "Speech development", “Social and communicative development”, "Physical development".
Facilities :
multimedia – presentation;
literary poems;
equipment - drawingDymkovo lady ; figuresDymkovo toys ; cups of water(by number of children); napkins; brushes, cotton swabs, paints, gouache.
Target : Create conditions for the development of cognitive initiative of preschoolers in the process of getting acquainted withDymkovo toy .
Tasks :
1. Learning tasks :
Introduce children to the history of the originDymkovo toys . To introduce children to the origins of Russian culture. Strengthen children's knowledge aboutDymkovo toy , history of occurrence, features of patterns and color of patterns.
2. Developmental tasks :
develop observation, the ability to notice the characteristic features of objects, reflect, generalize the results;
develop active speech(speech-proof, speech-argumentation)children in the process of comparison, analysis of painting elementsDymkovo toys , in search of identical elements;
develop creative activity in the process visual arts; children’s ability to independently use elements in drawingDymkovo painting : circles, lattice, line, wavy line, ring, leaf, ovals, circles, dots, straight and wavy lines, select colors in accordance with folk patternstoys . Develop a sense of symmetry and rhythm.
enrich vocabularychildren : Vyatka,haze , Dymkovo masters , Dymkovo toy , Dymkovo painting ;
3. Educational tasks :
bring upinterest to Russian folk art, respect for the work of folk craftsmen;
promote the expression of positive emotions;
cultivate friendly relationships between peers in the process of collectively solving a cognitive problem, develop the ability to negotiate, and help each other.
Move educational activities:
Introductory part (organizational and motivational point). Educator:
Naughty little bell, form a circle with the guys.
The guys gathered in a circle, with a friend on the left and a friend on the right.
Let's hold hands together and smile at each other.
(Children stand in a circle).
Educator: Guys, look how beautiful and cheerful the bell is in my hands. What kind of painting is it decorated with? (Children's reasoning).
Educator : Please go to the table on which various products of Dymkovo craftsmen are displayed. (Children come to the table).Educator: Yes, guys, Dymkovo products are very familiar to us. All toys are not simple, but magically painted.
We will bow to this amazing miracle more than once.
Let's start the story about the ancient Dymkovo toy!
- Guys, who remembers where the Dymkovo toy originated? Why is this place called that? (if they find it difficult, I say it myself).
Well done! These amazing items are made from clay and painted by master artists.
Guys, are you ready today to learn the secrets of folk craftsmen fromDymkovo , about the beauty of their creativity? (Yes).
Then choose the most convenient seats in the group.
Smoke comes out of the chimneys in a column,
Exactly athaze all around .
Blue distances
And the village is bigDymkovo was named .
Educator : From the high bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Vyatka stands, you can see the village across the riverDymkovo . In winter, when the stoves are lit, in summer, when there is fog, the whole village seems to be in smoke,haze . Hence the name. Here, in ancient times, thistoy , which they namedDymkovskaya , or affectionately -hazy . All winter their craftsmen sculptedtoys so that in the spring we can once again rejoice with everyone in the warm, bright sun that was reflected in the springtoys . Every spring there was a noisy, whistling fair. What is thistoys ? Let's get a look.
Demonstration in progress : presentations.
What mood do these create?toys ? What colors are they painted with?Dymkovo toys ? (blue, red, yellow, green)Yes alltoys painted with bright colors. And alsoDymkovo toys They also differ in their pattern. What patterns did you see in their painting?(circles, dots, waves, stripes).
Quiz game.
One, two, three - make a circle. Children line up in a circle.
Let's play a game, I will throw the ball and ask a question, and who caught the ball - answer.
1. On what background do craftsmen apply bright patterns? (white)
2. What are Dymkovo toys made from? (made of clay)
3. What figures are Dymkovo patterns similar to? (geometric)
4. What is the name of the village where these amazing toys are made? (Dymkovo)
5. What is the name of the holiday that is held in Dymkovo? (Whistling)
6. What colors are used to decorate Dymkovo toys? (Red, blue, green, yellow).
7. Where are clay toys made? (in the oven).
8. What is a whistle? (these are Dymkovo toys).
9. What is special about the Dymkovo toy? (she's snow-white).
10. What elements does Dymkovo painting consist of? (circles, lines, dots, rings, stripes).
Physical education minute.
We are painted toys,
(Stand straight, slightly sway your shoulders)
Vyatka laughter
(Smile at each other with a twist)
Suburban dandies,
(Turn around yourself)
Town gossips.
(Small squats)
Our hands are like pretzels
(Show hands forward, to the waist)
Cheeks like apples
(Light touches to your cheeks)
Have known us for a long time
(Stand straight)
All the people are at the fair.
(Bow).
Main part.
Educator: Let's go to our art workshop. Let’s close our eyes, spin around and say the magic words with me: “Turn around, spin around and find yourself in the workshop!” (Children spin around and repeat the words after the teacher).
Educator: Look how interesting it is:here are paints and brushes. What is this? Some kind of package and a letter and a photograph, let's read the letter.
Dear Guys! I am the master of the Dymkovo Toy Museum, Marya the Artisan. I want to ask you for help. I had to urgently leave for Moscow for an exhibition, so I didn’t have time to paint the ladies that you will find in the parcel. I'll take the lady to spring fair Whistlers. I'm sure you will succeed. Thank you very much in advance. Sincerely, Marya the artist!”
Educator:
Do you want to help the craftswoman? How can we help her?
I suggest you temporarily become assistant masters - apprentices and take jobs. There is everything for work here, I wish you a good job! (Children take seats at the tables.)
Today we will turn into Dymkovo masters and decorate our beauties.The Dymkovo lady is very elegant. On the head there are certainly curls, hats, kokoshniks. There is a cape on the shoulders and puffy sleeves. There are frills at the bottom of the skirt or apron. In their hands - a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a rocker, etc. On a white background, the craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, cages, large and small peas.
Each master paints a toy according to his own taste, so they are not similar to one another, but each is beautiful in its own way. You will portray the doll as you wish. I suggest you think, before you start working, what paints you want to use and what pattern you will paint your doll with. If someone finds it difficult, then there are images of dolls on the board to help you. Guys, pay attention to her clothes.
1 What is she wearing? (skirt, blouse)
2 What shape is the skirt? (like a bell)
3 What are you wearing on your skirt? (apron)
4 What's on your head? (kokoshnik).
Pay attention to what elements the skirt, apron and kokoshnik are decorated with (rings, dots, straight and wavy lines, checkered patterns).
For painting, I have prepared paints, brushes and cotton swabs for you.
What are the brushes for? What are cotton swabs for?
(children's answers).
(Geometric elements: circles, rings, stripes, snakes).
Educator: I want to remind you that if you want to decorate a toy with rings, then we draw them with the tip of a brush, we will apply dots - peas cotton swab connection method.
3. Exhibition of children's works.
And now, masters, let’s admire your work.
These are toys!
Today they came to visit us,
To tell us secrets
Of ancient wonderful beauty,
To lead us into world of Russia,
Into the world of legends and goodness,
To say what is in Russia
Miracle - people, masters!
Now it's time for us to go to the group. We close our eyes and say: “Spin, spin, find yourself in the group.”
4. Completion of educational activities.
Summing up, reflecting on children’s activities.
Educator: Well done! Let's remember what we talked about today? What they were doing? What did you like most? (children's answers).
(Preparatory group)
Integration educational areas: “Cognition”, “Communication”, “Reading” fiction", "Artistic creativity".
Types of children's activities: cognitive-research, gaming, communicative, productive.
Goals: introduce children to one of the types of folk applied art - the Dymkovo clay toy; learn to highlight the elements of painting, its color, motifs and pattern composition on products: create the necessary conditions for subsequent independent use by children of knowledge about the features of Dymkovo painting in decorative drawing: to develop aesthetic taste, to form interest and love for folk art, and a careful attitude towards the traditions of the people.
Lesson materials and equipment: tape recorder, audio recordings of songs: “Lady”; easel, Dymkovo toys, examples of constructing Dymkovo patterns. Gouache, water, palette, brushes, stands for brushes, napkins (to dry the brush), silhouettes of the Dymkovo ladies, ½ album sheet for a draft.
Progress of the lesson:
The Russian folk song “Barynya” is played. Children sit on banquettes in front of a table on which there are Dymkovo toys.
Educator: Guys, we have guests today! We heard them singing merrily.
The teacher draws the children's attention to the Dymkovo toys standing on the table.
Educator: Remember where these toys came from and what they are called.
Children's answers.
Educator: That's right, guys, these toys are from the village of Dymkovo and they are called Dymkovo folk toys. Guys, what material are these toys made of?
Children's answers.
Educator: Well done guys, Dymkovo craftsmen make toys from clay, and then paint them with Dymkovo patterns. But you know the poems about Dymkovo toys. Let's remember them; guests will be pleased to hear them.
Child 1:
They are sleeping by the highway
In the hoarfrost,
The trees are sleeping, the river is sleeping,
Bound by ice.
The snow is falling softly,
Blue smoke billows.
Smoke comes out of the chimneys in a column,
It’s like everything is in a haze.
Blue distances.
And the big village was named Dymkovo.
Child 2:
They loved songs and dances there.
Miracle fairy tales were born in the village.
The evenings are long in winter
And they sculpted there from clay
All toys are not simple,
And magically painted.
Child 3:
Snow-white, like birch trees,
Circles, cells, stripes - It would seem a simple pattern,
But I can’t look away!
Child 4;
Look how good she is
This girl is beautiful:
Tight black braid
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.
The kokoshnik sits proudly.
The water bearer is so beautiful
Like a swan swimming, she sings a quiet song.
Educator: And you guys would like to become Dymkovo masters and paint your Dymkovo young lady.
Children's answers.
Educator: But before we start painting the young lady, let's remember what paints Dymkovo craftsmen use when painting Dymkovo folk toys.
Children's answers.
Educator: Well done, guys, you really noticed that the folk craftsmen from the village of Dymkovo used a bright, festive range of colors. On a snow-white background they applied patterns with red, orange, yellow, blue, light blue, and green paints.
What elements of the Dymkovo pattern do you know?
Children's answers.
Educator: That's right, these are stripes and lines of different types, circles, rings, strokes, dashes. In other words, Dymkovo toys are painted with geometric patterns.
When drawing up the pattern, Dymkovo craftsmen followed certain rules. Let's name them.
Children's answers.
Educator: Well done guys, a linear pattern is built from stripes and lines located vertically or horizontally.
Often craftsmen use a cage, a combination of horizontal and vertical stripes and illiniations in the pattern.
The linear pattern is complemented by other elements: circles, strokes, dots, dashes.
Sometimes young ladies' skirts consist of circles and rings arranged in a checkerboard pattern or strictly one below the other, like large beads strung on an invisible thread.
But before we start work, let's relax and play.
Children stand in front of the banquettes and a physical education session is held.
Educator:
Our hands are like pretzels,
(Hands on the belt.)
Cheeks like apples.
(We touch our cheeks with our hands.)
Have known us for a long time
(Hands forward, palms up.)
All the people are at the fair.
(Hands spread to the sides.)
Dymkovo ladies
(Hands on waist.)
More beautiful than anyone in the world.
(Make a spring with the body turned to the right and left.)
And the hussars are darlings - our cavaliers.
(Perform the “Picking” movement.)
And now, guys, I invite you to our art workshop.
The children sit at the tables.
Educator: Guys, our young ladies have gathered for a holiday, but their skirts are not elegant, not festive. Let's help them and decorate their skirts with Dymkovo patterns. In order for the outfit to please the beauties, you need to think about what colors you will paint, what elements will be in the pattern.
And only after that start working.
Draw the selected elements on the draft, so you will remember the sequence of drawing them.
Try to keep your work neat. When working, do not put a lot of paint on the brush; blot excess water from the brush on a napkin. remember, that fine lines and draw the dots with the tip of the brush and without pressure, and the stripes with pressure. The stronger the pressure, the wider the stripe will be.
Independent work of children.
Children's works are displayed for general viewing on an easel. Invites children to choose the young ladies they like and justify their choice.
Educator: Today you once again met with Dymkovo folk toys, played the role of Dymkovo masters.
The teacher praises those children who made interesting additions to their drawings.
Educator: Well done, guys, you have successfully completed your work. Your Dymkovo ladies are very beautiful and elegant, now they can go to the party.
Abstract open class
Topic: “Dymkovo lady”
(modeled from salt dough)
Type of lesson: combined.
Lesson format: traditional.
Methods of organizing the lesson: verbal method (explanation, story); observation method; design and construction method (creation of works of decorative and applied art); visual method (drawings, demonstration material)
Introduce the elements women's clothing using the example of the Dymkovo toy.
Strengthen students' knowledge about characteristic features Dymkovo toys, develop the ability to create patterns according to your own plans, using a variety of brush techniques. Learn to identify the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, checkered patterns, dots - peas).
Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, color, creative abilities. To deepen aesthetic knowledge about folk decorative and applied arts.
To cultivate a love for folk art, to give students the opportunity to feel folk craftsmen.
Material and equipment for the teacher: visual material (images of Dymkovo toys, ready product), routing phased implementation products.
Material and equipment for students: neck from plastic bottle, salty dough, paints, brushes, jars of water, oilcloth, caps from felt-tip pens, stacks.
Progress of the lesson:
1.Greeting. Before the start of the class, greet all class participants.
2.Repetition of the material covered.
We are different toys
Folding, okay
We are famous everywhere
You will like us.
(P. Sinyavsky)
Today we are talking about toys. But not about ordinary ones, but about folk ones. Our Motherland has long been famous for its craftsmen. Wherever we are, we will meet a miracle everywhere - masters who know how to transform natural materials into amazing creations. The places where these masters live are called centers of folk crafts. A lot of them.
I invite you to remember what folk crafts you know, for this I offer a game. I will ask riddles, and you will have to guess them.
There are different girlfriends nearby,
But they look alike.
They all sit next to each other,
And just one toy. (matryoshka dolls)
Blue flowers have bloomed
Blue leaves unfolded.
Not in the garden, not in the forest, not in the field,
And on snow-white porcelain.
What kind of painting is this? This is a painting..... (Gzhel)
Gold and scarlet colors
This cup has blossomed.
Sun, berries, summer
Suddenly it was full!
Can you guess what this miracle is?
This is a miracle - ..... (Khokhloma)
3. Introduction to the proposed educational material.
Today we will learn in more detail about the Dymkovo toy.
What is Dymkovo famous for?
With his toy.
There is no smoky color in it,
And there is the love of people.
There is something of the rainbow in her,
From drops of dew.
There is something about joy in her,
Thundering like bass.
(V. Fofanov)
4. Suggested educational material. Stimulating student interest.
People affectionately and tenderly call this toy “haze.” Where does such an amazing name come from?
On the low bank of the Vyatka River, opposite the city of Kirov, is located the ancient wooden settlement of Dymkovo. Since time immemorial, here, in a marginal area with a harsh climate, they have been making clay toys.
This trade was exclusively for women. In autumn, red clay was prepared in the meadows, and clean sand was prepared in the shallows of the river. Clay toys were made in winter and early spring, when preparations were underway for the spring fair.
Having mixed the clay with sand and water, kneaded thoroughly until a homogeneous mass was obtained. First, large main parts of the toy and separately small ones were sculpted from clay dough, which were then stuck and smeared with a wet rag. The fashioned toy was dried for 2-4 days at room temperature and fired in a Russian oven. To burn the toys, the stoves were heated until late at night, and the whole settlement was in smoke, in a haze. This is where the name Dymkovo came from, and the toys began to be called Dymkovo toys. After cooling, the product was covered with a mixture of chalk and milk. 6-10 paints were prepared for work, for which the paint powder was ground on a cast-iron plate, adding a little water, and before painting, a whole egg.
I suggest you look at the image of Dymkovo toys (demonstration of images of Dymkovo toys):
Dymkovo gentlemen, generals, with a sense of self-esteem, are often depicted on horseback or paired with a lady.
With ribbons and bows,
Yes, arm in arm with the dandies
We walk in pairs
We pass by peahens.
(P. Sinyavsky)
Toys depicting animals and birds are especially creative. Dymkovo horses with a lush mane and tail.
Unusual image of a cockerel. It appears exotic with its bushy tail and crest. A circle always shines on his chest - a symbol of the sun.
Look how good she is
This girl is a soul.
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.
(folk art)
The Dymkovo lady is very elegant. On the head there are certainly curls, kokoshniks and hats. There are puffy sleeves on the shoulders. There are frills at the bottom of the skirt or apron. In their hands are a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a rocker, etc. The craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, checks, large and small peas, straight and wavy lines across the white background.
To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, colorfulness, and festivity.
5. Consolidation of the information received. The creative part of the lesson.
Today I invite you to become folk craftsmen and make a figurine of the Dymkovo lady.
To work, we will need the neck of a plastic bottle with a stopper, salt dough, glass stacks, jars of water, paints, brushes, and felt-tip pen caps. Repetition in class when working with salt dough, brush and paints. Attention is drawn to neatness and neatness in the workplace. The work is carried out in stages. The teacher draws students' attention to technological map On the desk. Every step is explained. Students' work performance is adjusted as the lesson progresses.
Stages of performing the Dymkovo toy:
1. Spread a thin layer of salt dough onto the surface of the neck of a plastic bottle.
2. Roll the dough into a ball and flatten it on both sides. We place it on the side of the plastic bottle cap. We get a kokoshnik.
3. Take two identical pieces of salt dough. We roll them into flagella and intertwine them together. We place it near the kokoshnik. We get hair.
4.Take a larger piece of dough. Roll up the ball. We flatten and place the crafts in front. We get an apron.
5. Roll two identical small balls and place them on the sides of the cork. We get sleeves.
6. Roll up two identical flagella and apply them near the sleeves. We get hands.
7.We complete the work. Using caps from felt-tip pens, we make stamps on the lady’s outfit. We paint the toy with paints.
6. Exhibition of student works.