Mathematical task - Geometric figures for children 3-4 years old "Coloring" is aimed at developing the child's mathematical understanding and is leading in teaching preschool children. By the age of 4, a child should be able to distinguish and name a circle, square, rectangle, oval, as well as all primary colors.
Geometric shapes for children 3-4 years old - Task conditions:
Here you can download geometric shapes for children 3-4 years old in the form of educational coloring tasks. Print the downloaded file on a black and white printer and give it to your child for coloring, having first read to him the conditions to follow:
- First task: Fill all the circles with blue. Count how many there are?
- Second task: Color all the triangles orange. How many are there?
- Third task: Color the squares red and the rectangles yellow. How many squares did you get? How many rectangles? What more?
- Fourth task: Color the ovals green. How many ovals did you get?
Download geometric shapes for children 3-4 years old (worksheet with tasks) in the original size (for printing on a computer) you can find it in the attachments at the bottom of the page.
The tasks are the author's development of the children's portal "Miracle-Yudo". Copying or republishing the assignment on other websites or in printed publications is prohibited by copyright law.
There are a lot of techniques for children representing geometric shapes on the modern market. Below are the main ones, as well as games that develop a child.
Nowadays, the early development of a child is given great importance. Children begin to be taught almost from the maternity hospital. There are many games, books, video and audio materials that help children quickly master such simple - at first glance - topics as letters, numbers, shapes, colors. Cards showing geometric shapes are especially popular for kids. This guide is clear and concise. It allows the child to quickly and easily master the necessary knowledge.
When should I start learning geometric shapes?
In general, you can introduce your child to shapes from the first months. There is nothing wrong if you show him pictures or toys in a playful way, without annoying your baby, clearly pronouncing the name of the shape (circle, square, etc.).
Thus, by the age of two years, the child should know three forms well:
- triangle;
- circle;
- square.
By three years, the following should be added to this list:
- oval;
- rhombus;
- rectangle.
By the way, much attention is paid to the study of geometric shapes in the Maria Montessori method. Her materials include several games that help a child quickly learn to identify the shapes of objects. We will talk about them further.
Why should a child learn geometric shapes?
Much has already been said about the benefits of early development. It is the active learning of a child in the period from birth to three years that shapes his creativity and fluency of thinking, diligence and love of knowledge, and the ability to quickly assimilate information.
The study of forms is necessary for several other reasons.
- The whole world around consists of figures (a circle is a car wheel, a plate, the sun; a square is a window, a chair seat, etc.).
- Preparing for school - the sooner the child masters simple knowledge, the easier it will be for him to study at school.
- Studying shapes will allow the baby to play those games that are inaccessible to children who do not know what a circle, square, etc. are.
- By studying geometric shapes, a child expands his horizons, trains his brain, and increases his vocabulary.
5 rules for teaching geometric shapes
It is worth remembering that all information that seems elementary to us is new and often incomprehensible to children. This rule almost always works with geometric shapes. Therefore, if a child confuses a circle with a square and does not want to correct himself, be patient and do not scold the baby for his mistakes.
For faster and easier learning by your little one, follow these simple tips.
- Point your baby to geometric shapes in Everyday life. Show your child the book and tell him that it is rectangular. Show him the saucer and give him the definition of “circle.”
- Try to get feedback. Ask your child what category the house, table, pillow belong to. Watch the educational video and ask your child to tell you what he saw.
- Use toys of the correct geometric shapes. Buy round and triangular molds, cubes, and a ball for your baby.
- Play games that require knowledge of the names of the pieces (see below).
- Watch videos and cartoons that talk about shapes (like Baby Einstein).
Games "Geometric shapes" for children
This is one of the baby's first educational toys, allowing him to learn about the properties of different shapes. The essence of the sorter is that for a certain hole you need to select a toy of the appropriate shape (ball, cube, etc.). The child very quickly begins to understand what's what.
Such a toy not only teaches the little one to quickly distinguish between figures of different geometric shapes, but also trains fine motor skills of the fingers, and also develops logical thinking.
Games using the Montessori method
Maria Montessori, as mentioned above, attached great importance to geometric shapes in the baby's educational games. In her methodology, there are several ways to introduce a child to geometry in game form. For example:
- Place the shapes in an opaque bag or bag. Let the baby take one toy at a time and, without taking it out, determine what shape it is.
- For an older child, you can come up with the following task: say a definition word, for example, “they are riding.” The child must name the forms that have this property.
- You can invite the baby to name all the shapes with or without corners, with or without edges.
- A creative version of the game with figures. Ask your child to imagine and say what a circle, square, or triangle looks like.
In the Montessori method, there is a special device called “Frames and Liners”. This is a kind of analogue of the sorter that we talked about above.
Drawings and stencils
If your child likes to draw, then use this to teach him to recognize shapes. Draw a house together. Say all the details: The windows are square, the roof is a triangle, etc.
You can also offer your child stencils. You can cut them yourself from thick paper or purchase ready-made ones.
By tracing this or that figure, the child will learn to draw them (“teach his hand”), and your comments (this is a circle, this is a triangle) will help your child remember their names faster.
Doman cards
The Doman method is very popular among parents interested in the early development of their child. It involves the use of visual cards to better assimilate the acquired knowledge by the child. Doman has a separate set of cards dedicated to geometric shapes. You can buy or download it on the Internet (you can also find a video about this technique there).
Literature and teaching material
Below are the most popular and effective methods and materials for introducing children to geometric shapes.
- "School of the Seven Dwarfs"
In a series of books for early development children “School of the Seven Dwarfs” there are two dedicated to shapes: “Square and Circle” (for children from birth to one year), “Shape. Color" (for children from 1 to 2 years old). The books present the main figures in a large and clear manner.
- Geometric figures. Soft mosaic
A very convenient and bright way to introduce your child to shapes. The mosaic is made of safe soft material. It will be interesting for the baby to look at its details and collect pictures from them.
- Coloring pages
There are a lot of such educational books on the modern market. You can highlight “Smart Coloring. Smeshariki" with children's favorite characters from the cartoon of the same name.
- Stickers
Reusable stickers will also be very useful when your child is learning “geometry for the little ones.” These stickers can be placed anywhere! In the bathroom, in the children's room, in the kitchen. Offer your baby a game: you need to find objects of one kind or another in the environment.
Cartoons about geometric shapes
Conclusion
Teaching and introducing your child to geometric shapes is not only important, but also very interesting! Show your imagination, come up with your own games and tasks for your child, show interesting videos, and he will answer you with love and gratitude.
It’s not difficult to study, because today there are a lot of different games and toys that help them with this.
Did you know that two year old child must know three basic geometric shapes - circle, square and triangle, and at three years old the toddler should already know six geometric shapes : that is, there is also a rectangle, an oval and a rhombus.
How can a baby learn to distinguish between them?
And here are a few advice on how to help your child master geometry:
1. Children should begin to imagine geometric shapes around the age of 2. For the first time, you need to show a large image of them and name them.
2. The name should be mentioned several times to make it better remembered.
3. Constantly remind your child what shape different objects are, for example, a ball is round, a book is rectangular, etc.
4. After the baby can show the figures, you can ask him to name them.
5. You can also show your baby a cartoon from the “Baby Einstein” series, in which a clown is assembled from geometric shapes to the accompaniment of a cheerful song and various objects from them are shown. Or any other children's educational cartoon, main idea which is the study of geometry.
From the age of 3-4, you need to start explaining to your child why a rectangle and a triangle are called that way. Count the angles with your baby.
6. Buy a sorter for your baby - the main principle of which is to insert an object of a certain geometric shape into the desired hole. By the way, there are some very funny ones – musical ones.
7. Draw pictures of various geometric shapes and invite your child to tell them exactly what shapes they are made of.
8. Cut out geometric shapes from cardboard and ask your child to sort them. But first, cut out all the shapes of the same color.
9. You can pierce holes in such cardboard geometric shapes and ask your child, using a string, to assemble a caterpillar either from identical shapes or alternating them.
10. Good helpers in learning geometric shapes for children can be cubes, balls, pyramids, and construction sets.
11. Make from geometric shapes.
12. You and your little one can draw figures on cereals (buckwheat or rice) - it’s very interesting and entertaining activity, but after it you will have to do a little cleaning.
13. If the weather permits, you can also draw geometric shapes on the street, with sticks in the sand.
14. An activity in which the child “draws” figures from ropes can also be interesting.
15. Encourage your baby's imagination and interest, praise him even for small achievements!
What methods of studying geometric shapes do you know? Write in the comments.
Guys, look how many guests we have today. Let's greet them, say "Hello."
- Do you hear someone knocking on the door? Look, the puppy Sharik came to our lesson, he wants to play with us. Do you want to play with Sharik?
Sharik recently became acquainted with geometric figures, are you familiar with them?
What geometric shapes do you know?
Sharik will make riddles, and you will guess what kind of geometric figure Sharik made.
I have no corners
And I look like a saucer
On the plate and on the lid,
On the ring, on the wheel.
Guess, friends,
Slide 1. (red circle)
V.: You guessed the riddle correctly. What do you know about the circle?
That's right, it doesn't have corners and that's why it can roll.
What color is the circle in this picture?
Q: Look, children, what is shown in this picture?
How many circles are there in this picture?
Zhenya, come to the board and count the circles.
What size are the circles?
What color is the small circle?
What color is the big circle?
Puppy: Well done, children! Listen to the next riddle!
Three peaks, three corners,
I have three sides.
Children, who am I?
Slide 3. (blue triangle)
Q: Look, children, the picture shows a triangle.
Who knows why the triangle is called that?
Let's count how many angles the triangle has. Olya, go to the board and count the angles.
How many sides does a triangle have?
Let's count. Andrey, go to the board and count the sides of the triangle.
What color is the triangle in this picture?
Q: Children, look what is shown in this picture?
How many triangles are there in this picture?
Karina, go to the board and count the triangles.
Lera, what color are the triangles in this picture? Come to the board and show me, please.
Gosh, what size is the green triangle? (large, medium or small)
Zhenya, what size is the blue triangle?
Karina, what size is the red triangle?
Puppy: What great fellows you are! Listen to the next riddle.
He's been my friend for a long time
Every angle in it is right
All four sides are the same length
I'm glad to introduce him to you
And his name is.....
(green square)
Q: Look at the picture, it shows a square.
What color is this square?
How many corners does a square have?
Maya, go to the board and count the angles of the square.
How many sides does a square have? Seryozha, go to the board and count the sides of the square.
Look what is shown in this picture?
Let's count how many squares there are in this picture.
What size are the squares in the picture?
What colour large squares?
What color are the small squares?
SH: You are so great, you solved all the riddles and answered all the questions!
Q: Sharik came up with another game for us with geometric shapes. Shall we play?
Look, Sharik has arranged the figures in order. Look what figures are depicted?
Which figure is first?
What color is the square?
What is the next figure, the second?
What color is the circle?
What is the last figure?
What color is the triangle?
The ball mixed all the figures and laid them out again, but he was wrong. Let's help Sharik and find the mistake?
Q: See what Sharik put in the wrong order in this picture?
Let's look at the next picture, which figures did the ball put incorrectly?
Which figures changed places?
Correct, which figure should come first?
That's right, the yellow circle remains in its place.
Which figure should be the last?
Well done! Sharik folded the figures again, and made a mistake again. Let's help him again!
What shapes are out of place in this picture?
Which figure should come first?
Which figure should be the second?
Which figure should be the third?
SH: Thank you! You helped me put all the shapes together correctly! Well done!
Q: Now let's have a little rest!
Stand near your chairs and let's play together with Sharik.
The puppy was playing in the yard
Jumped, ran and counted:
“One - a jump and three nods,
Two - head to the right,
Three - turn left" -
And he rushed to the gate,
And then he sighed and sat down:
He was tired and calm.
Q: Did you enjoy playing with Sharik?
You know, our friend Sharik doesn’t have a house. But we can help him and make a house for him from geometric shapes.
Shall we help Sharik and make a house for him?
Do you know the name of the house where the dog lives?
What do you think we will use to make a booth for Sharik?
Go to the tables. Look, each of you has a square, a triangle and a circle on the table.
What figure do you think we will use to make the house itself?
Right! What color is the square on your table?
Place the square, yellow side down, on the table.
Open the glue, take it in your right hand, and spread the glue over the entire square, holding it with your left hand.
Place the glue on the table, take a square, and glue it in the middle of the sheet, as shown in the picture on the board.
What shape will we use to make the roof for the booth?
What color is the triangle on our tables?
Look at the picture on the board.
Place the triangle red side down on the table. Take the glue in your right hand and smear the entire triangle on the white side with glue, holding it with your left hand.
Put the glue on the table, take the triangle in your hands and glue it as shown in the picture on the board, on top of the square.
What figure will we take to make a door in our booth?
What color is the circle on our tables?
Look at the picture on the board, where do we glue the door?
Place the circle, blue side down, on the table. Take the glue in your right hand and smear the entire circle on the white side with glue, holding it with your left hand.
Put the glue on the table, take the circle in your hand and glue it as shown on the slide on the board.
SC: What wonderful booths you made from geometric shapes for me!
Now I will have a place to live! Thank you!
Modern manufacturers of goods for children and child psychologists offer to engage in the development and education of a child almost immediately after his birth. What methods to use is up to parents to decide, but some basic concepts should be explained outside the main program. For kids, no less important are the colors and names of basic household items. How to properly introduce a child to circles and ovals?
Why do preschoolers need geometry?
The concept of shape and size helps to perceive the world around us and objects, and compare them with each other. Without hesitation, you will say, when describing some unusual piece of furniture, that it looks like two rectangles with rounded edges. Now imagine how difficult it is to describe and compare some objects without knowing the names and concepts of simple forms. That is why it is useful to learn geometric shapes for kids as early as possible. By the age of 2-3 years, a child should know at least a circle, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, and a rhombus. Gradually you can add more complex shapes.
Let's go in search of figures!
The easiest way to teach a child something is through play. Try to interest the baby, present new material in an original playful form. For the little ones, you don’t even need to organize classes; you can study in between. Tell them that the cup is round and the book is rectangular. A visual aid that reveals the concept of “geometric shapes” for kids will be the most ordinary toys. Match cubes and balls together, complicate the task by adding dishes or fruits to play store. Older children can be occupied for a long time by asking them to find as many circles or triangles in the room as possible. Help show all your imagination and explain that figures can “hide” on fabric or wallpaper in the form of a pattern, represent a whole object or part of it.
Entertaining geometry
It is much easier to learn 5 geometric shapes if you draw them yourself. Offer your child a creative task, take a sheet of paper and paints, pencils and markers and draw a circle, rectangle, square, triangle and rhombus. A more interesting version of this game - the mother draws a geometric figure, and the child completes some elements, turning the form into an object or animal. You can also draw a rectangle on a piece of paper and hang it in a visible place. Of course, some of your guests will be surprised by such interior decoration, but you can always answer: “We teach geometric shapes with kids.” The next day, draw a circle and hang it next to the rectangle. And then offer to compare the figures with each other. Gradually add the remaining forms and be sure to devote a few minutes a day to such training.
Useful toys for learning shapes
A variety of games and toys will help you learn the basics of geometry. The easiest option is to purchase ready-made cards with images of figures. Typically, such sets are focused on studying shape and color. There can be many cards, the figures on them are repeated, but differ in size and shade. You can play with this board game for hours. Ask them to collect all the same shapes, then arrange them according to size. Then mix the cards and ask them to find all the shapes of the same size or color. If you wish, you can make such a game with your own hands. A special children's lotto can also help in studying geometry. If you want, it’s not at all difficult to find such a game dedicated to figures. And yet, sorters remain the most popular geometric toys. Usually this is some kind of base (container, frame) with slots of different shapes. Colored geometric shapes are inserted into the holes. The child’s task is to choose for everyone small object corresponding slot on the base. Sorters come in different styles, but by choosing the simplest one - geometric, you get the opportunity to learn the names of the shapes while placing them in the base. Wooden or cardboard frames with inserts, made according to the principle of a sorter, can also help in studying forms. It is also useful to watch special educational cartoons about geometric shapes for kids. Combine all the proposed teaching options, and then your child will not have problems with geometry.
In today’s article I would like to talk about how easy and fun it is to study geometric shapes with your baby, and why in such a early age load the child with geometry. What games will be interesting to a child from 1 year old, and what materials you will need for classes - read about all this in the article. In addition, here you will find several useful materials for download.
Why study geometric shapes with your baby?
- Studying geometric shapes is useful for general development baby, expanding his knowledge about the world around him. If you introduce your child to shapes at an early age, he will have a much easier time at school.
Geometric shapes are found everywhere; they can be seen in most objects around us: a round ball, a rectangular table, etc. By analyzing the similarity of surrounding objects with geometric shapes, the child wonderfully trains associative and spatial thinking.
Many interesting educational games are based on the ability to distinguish geometric shapes. This includes construction, games with mosaics, math tablets, etc. Therefore, studying forms at such an early age will contribute to the further successful development of the child.
So, games for learning and consolidating knowledge about geometric shapes :
1. We name geometric shapes always and everywhere
If you come across any figure while playing or reading books, be sure to draw your baby’s attention to it and name it (“Look, the ball looks like a circle, and the cube looks like a square”). Even if it seems to you that the child is unlikely to remember the names of the figures, say them anyway, and they will definitely be imprinted in his head. You can do this for up to a year. At first, point out only the basic shapes (square, circle, triangle), then, when you understand that the baby has mastered them, begin to study other shapes.
2. Let's play geometric lotto
For the first lessons with your baby, it is better to use lotto, which has only 3-4 figures. When your child masters this game well, gradually complicate the task. It is also useful for the first time to make all the figures on the playing field the same color and size. In this case, the child will be guided by only one sign - shape, while other characteristics will neither distract nor prompt him.
You can place both cards with images of figures and three-dimensional figures on the playing field. Good for this purpose Dienesha blocks (Ozon, KoroBoom), figures from the sorter, frame insert.
Well, the easiest option is to purchase ready-made lotto with geometric shapes.
3. Playing with the sorter
At about the age of 1 year, the child begins to notice that the figurine he has chosen sorter (Ozone, Labyrinth, My-shop) cannot be pushed into every hole. Therefore, during the game it is necessary to focus on this: “So, here we have a circle - it doesn’t fit here, it doesn’t fit here, but where does it fit?” At first, turning the figure at the right angle may be a little difficult for the baby, but it’s not scary, it’s a matter of practice. The main thing is not to forget on time exciting process“Pushing”, pronounce the names of the figures all the time, and the child will quietly remember them all.
Important! When choosing a sorter, pay attention to the fact that all the basic geometric shapes are represented there, and not just hearts and crescents.
4. Playing with the insert frame
You'll need one like this insert frame, which shows all the main figures. At its core, the game is similar to a sorter.
Here's another interesting shape recognition game - "" ( Labyrinth, My-shop). Despite the fact that the age indicated on it is 3-5 years, it will be of interest to a child of 2 years old and even a little earlier.
9. Learn forms using Doman cards
In fact, I believe that this method of studying forms is the most effective. If you study according to , the child will very quickly remember all the figures, and you will spend a minimum of effort on it. However, it should be noted that in order for the knowledge gained from Doman’s cards to be deposited in the baby’s head, they need to be reinforced through other games (see above). Otherwise, the child will quickly forget everything you showed him. Therefore, I recommend starting to look at Doman cards with geometric shapes at about the age of 1 year, since at this time the baby becomes interested in sorters, insert frames, drawing, appliqué, etc. And, having studied the forms from the pictures, he will be able to use the acquired knowledge in these games. By the way, you can buy "Geometric Shapes" cards HERE.
You can read about our experience of studying figures using Doman cards.
10. Watch educational cartoons
And, of course, it won’t hurt to watch cartoons on the topic “Geometric Shapes”; now you can find a lot of them on the Internet. Here are some of them:
Instead of a conclusion
Very often, the process of teaching a child geometric figures (and not only figures) is perceived by parents solely as a constant examination of the child, i.e. They show the child, for example, a square a couple of times, and later the learning comes down to the question “Tell me, what shape is this?” This approach is extremely wrong. Firstly, because, like any person, a child does not like it too much when his knowledge is tested, and this only discourages him from studying. Secondly, before asking your child anything, you need to explain and show it to him many times!
Therefore, try to keep verification questions to a minimum. Just repeat and repeat the information you are learning, be it the names of the shapes or something else. Do this while playing and talking with your baby. And you will soon see for yourself that the child has learned everything without unnecessary checks.
We bring to your attention educational exercises for children 5-6 years old, which in an accessible and entertaining form will help the child master the basics of geometry, as well as develop visual and auditory perception, voluntary attention, memory, logical and spatial thinking.
A lesson with a child of this age should last no more than 25 - 30 minutes. Explain the task to your child and, if necessary, help in completing it. Make sure the task is completed correctly.
To work, your child will need colored pencils or markers.
Don't forget to monitor your baby's correct posture and praise him for his efforts.
Good luck to you and your children!
Task No. 1
Color the shapes so that the circle lies on the square.
Task No. 2
Color the shapes so that the triangle lies on the trapezoid.
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Task No. 3
Color the shapes so that the oval lies on the rhombus.
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Task No. 4
Color the shapes so that the pentagon lies on the rectangle.
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Task No. 5
Find the continuation of each chain. Connect the beginning and end of the chain. Color them. What shapes do they consist of?
Task No. 6
In the empty cells, draw figures that these objects look like. Name the figures.
Task No. 7
Connect objects with lines to geometric bodies similar to them.
Task No. 8
Outline straight lines in red, curves in blue, broken lines in green.
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Task No. 9
Hatch the circle with vertical lines, the square with horizontal lines, and the triangle with oblique lines.
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Task No. 10
There are different lines drawn here, and among them are broken lines. Find and count the broken lines. Count their links. Look what the artist drew at the ends of the broken lines. Draw the same objects at their opposite ends.
Task No. 11
Continue the broken lines to create different objects. Tell me what you got.
Task No. 12
Using a ruler, connect the dots to form polygons. Color a polygon with all right angles red. Color a polygon with all obtuse angles blue. Explain why one figure was left unpainted.
Task No. 13
Place dots with colored pencils where the lines intersect.
Task No. 14
Trace the extra line in each row. Explain how it differs from others.
Why teach a small child geometric shapes? Surely, many parents do not even think about this issue, simply paying tribute to fashion and teaching their child mathematics almost from birth. Meanwhile, geometric figures for children and their timely study play a big role in the knowledge of the environment, introducing them to one of the main properties of objects - shape. This is necessary for development logical thinking, spatial representations, improving mathematical abilities. That’s why it’s important to start familiarizing yourself with geometric shapes as early as possible, reinforcing children’s knowledge with exciting tasks in everyday life.
What should a child know about geometric shapes?
Important: Geometric figures - generally accepted standards, measures of the shape of objects. Therefore, familiarizing a child with forms at home should not take place separately, but in the system of sensory (sensory) education. The baby will best remember the shape when he simultaneously examines the color, size, and purpose of the object, since in a variety of activities knowledge is actively used and is better remembered.
Learning geometric shapes with kids: main rules
Important: How to teach a child to name and distinguish geometric shapes easy and fast! To do this you need to adhere to certain rules. With chaotic, inconsistent learning, the baby may confuse the figures and not see their similarities and differences.
Riddles in verse
I have no corners and I look like a saucer, a plate and a lid, a ring and a wheel. Who am I, friends? Call me (circle).
He has been a friend of mine for a long time, every angle in him is straight. All four sides are the same length. I'm glad to introduce him to you. What's his name? (square).
Look at the figure and draw in the album, three corners, three sides, connect them together. The result was not a square, but a beautiful (triangle).
There is such a circle - a very strange appearance. The circle became flattened, it suddenly turned out (an oval).
We stretched out the square and presented it to the eye. Who did he look like or something very similar to?
Neither a brick nor a triangle - it became a square (rectangle).
Fairy tale "Two Brothers" (an adult draws to the rhythm of the verse)
A long time ago, in a dark forest, in a figurative hut, there lived two brothers, two squares. And they were twins. See for yourself:
You can see in the picture - each has 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vertices.
Once I was walking around the first square between the bushes, knocking on the path with four corners.
And the animals say: “Who is this? The first square or its brother, the second square? How similar they are!
Remember in the picture: 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vertices.
The square was tired of being confused with his brother, and he decided to change, to turn into another figure.
He took scissors and cut off four corners for himself. It turned into a circle and rolled along the path.
And life is wonderful for the brothers now; it’s hard to confuse the brothers now:
One rolls along the paths, the other walks on four corners - four legs.
Two brothers are still friends - a circle with a square!
Important: The peculiarities of children's perception of geometric shapes are completely different from those of adults. For example, an adult sees objects according to their shapes (a pan is a cylinder, a window is a rectangle). The child, on the contrary, first objectifies the shape (a square is a kite, a triangle is the roof of a house, a circle is a ball, several circles are glasses, beads). With proper training, he begins to abstract from objects and perceive a familiar figure in the environment, for example, a glass as a cylinder (cylindrical in shape), a roof as a triangle (triangular in shape), a ball as a ball (round in shape).
Playing with geometric shapes!
Teachers remind that preschoolers receive basic knowledge about geometric shapes in kindergarten, and homework is aimed at consolidating what is being studied. Therefore, the most the best remedy At home there will be play as the main activity of the kids. It is in the game that unobtrusively, easily and quickly the child will learn all the names of the figures, learn to compare and distinguish them. Among educational games for teaching geometric shapes, board games take precedence. You can play them in the evenings, during family leisure, make it part of any home activity or entertainment.
"What's Hidden"
The classic game is understandable and accessible even to a two-year-old child. An adult lays out images of familiar shapes in front of the child: a circle, a square, a triangle. Since there must be at least five cards, figures of different colors and sizes are used for the number, for example, two squares - large and small, two triangles - blue and yellow, one circle. Consider them with your child, discuss them, make sure that he understands what figures are in front of him and can name them correctly. Then the baby closes his eyes, the adult hides one of the figures and asks what is hidden. With age, the number of figures increases, new ones are added to the old ones.
"In one word"
The game "geometric shapes" is aimed at developing in children a generalization of similar shapes. An adult needs to prepare circles, squares and triangles of different sizes and colors. The preschooler must distribute the presented figures into groups, regardless of color and size, and name them with a general word, for example, all squares. Alternatively, you can make the tasks more difficult by offering to group shapes only by color or size.
"Wonderful bag"
Games by type " wonderful bag" are well known to children of kindergarten age. They are useful because they give an idea of the contours of objects, teach inspection by touch and exercise in distinguishing shapes. An adult prepares a bag with objects of different shapes, for example, a cube, a ball, a ball, a brick, a conical pyramid. The player examines them and names the shape of the toy that he wants to get. To complicate the task, older children are asked to find a specific shape, for example, “Find a round toy.”
"Magic glasses"
Improvised glasses are pre-prepared from thick paper of various shapes: round, square. The game is interesting to all children, it helps expand their understanding of geometric shapes and find objects of a certain shape in the surrounding space. For example, a child puts on round glasses and looks for everything round around him: a plate, the bottom of a vase, a lampshade near a chandelier, a carpet, grandma’s glasses. For each correct selection, the player is awarded a chip and then receives an incentive prize at the end of the game.
"Patches - patches"
For a lesson on consolidating ideas about geometric shapes, you need a selection of pictures depicting various objects that have “holes” - unpainted places of different shapes, for example, a dress has a round hole, a boot has a square one. Among the different “patches,” the child chooses the one he needs and connects it to the object. It will be interesting if an adult himself prepares images for the game, for example, cuts out things from paper (sweater, skirt, trousers, boots, hat). As an option for playing "patches - patches", you can purchase a didactic game of "Velcro", which are very similar in rules and content
"What's Broken"
This task will help teach children to notice what form is missing in the depicted object and develop attention. For the game you can use pictures, applique from cut out parts, building material. The main thing is that the object must consist of parts of a geometric shape. For example, an adult lays out a “house” applique, where the details are a triangle - a roof, a rectangle - a wall, a square - a window, a small rectangle - a door, a circle - a window in the attic, a quadrangle - a pipe. The child carefully examines the image and closes his eyes, the adult removes any detail, mixing it with any others. You need to guess what is broken at the house and “fix it” by finding the missing part. In the future, you can complicate the task by not immediately adding a certain form or by removing two forms at the same time. If this is a drawn image, then the child draws in the missing details, for example, a circle - a wheel on a car, rectangles - windows on a turret.
"Game with sticks"
An interesting task for middle and older preschoolers, which simultaneously develops motor skills and the ability to compose geometric shapes. If there are no counting sticks, you can use matches or toothpicks, prepare them in advance, cut off the sulfur head or sharp ends so that the baby does not get hurt. Such a task can be carried out in the form of a competition during family leisure time, “who can make a figure the fastest?”, “Who has the most complex figure?” Then reward the winner with a prize. At some point it must become a child. An adult, for example, can note his original solution or carefully and neatly laid out figure.
“What was useful to the artist in the painting”
For older preschoolers, you can use an original task of looking at pictures, which not only reinforces the names of the figures, but also develops visual perception and the ability to see different shapes in an unusual environment. The adult selects illustrations of appropriate content, which the artist draws using geometric shapes. Then he invites the preschooler to look at the picture and find familiar shapes. If any of them are still unfamiliar to the preschooler, be sure to pay attention to them and tell them what they are called and what objects are similar to them. To complicate the game, you can count how many geometric shapes were needed to depict the picture.
"Geometric Lotto"
A classic task to familiarize children with geometric shapes teaches them to compare the shape of an object with a geometric figure and select images based on a standard. To create a competitive moment that is interesting for children, it is better to play with the whole family. The rule is classic: on large cards there are images of different shapes, for example, an oval, a circle, a triangle. The presenter says the name of the item on a small card, for example, apple, cucumber, scarf, TV. Players look for the shape of the named item on their card and cover it with the corresponding picture. The player who quickly and correctly closes the card wins.
"Geometric mosaic"
This educational game will help children consolidate their understanding of geometric shapes. In addition, it will teach preschool children to transform them, focusing on a standard (sample), and will help creative imagination. The rules of the game are simple and accessible to children of any age; for older ones, the number of details increases and the plots become more complex. Players must assemble some objects from several geometric shapes. For kids, these can be houses of different sizes and configurations, cars, turrets, bridges, the sun, flowers, patterns; for older children - figurines of fairy-tale or cartoon characters, plot pictures: a vase with flowers, a street, a road, a carpet, animals, people of different professions. Be sure to note the creativity of the preschool child and praise him. Perhaps leave the posted picture for a while to show all your loved ones. The main thing is that such educational mosaics can be purchased in a special store, or you can make them yourself, similar to Montessori toys.
Modern manufacturers of goods for children and child psychologists offer to engage in the development and education of a child almost immediately after his birth. What methods to use is up to parents to decide, but some basic concepts should be explained outside the main program. For kids, no less important are the colors and names of basic household items. How to properly introduce a child to circles and ovals?
Why do preschoolers need geometry?
The concept of shape and size helps to perceive the world around us and objects, and compare them with each other. Without hesitation, you will say, when describing some unusual piece of furniture, that it looks like two rectangles with rounded edges. Now imagine how difficult it is to describe and compare some objects without knowing the names and concepts simple shapes. That is why it is useful to learn geometric shapes for kids as early as possible. By the age of 2-3 years, a child should know at least a circle, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, and a rhombus. Gradually you can add more complex shapes.
Let's go in search of figures!
The easiest way to teach a child something is through play. Try to interest the baby, present new material in an original playful form. For the little ones, you don’t even need to organize classes; you can study in between. Tell them that the cup is round and the book is rectangular. A visual aid that reveals the concept of “geometric shapes” for kids will be the most ordinary toys. Match cubes and balls together, complicate the task by adding dishes or fruits to play store. Older children can be occupied for a long time by asking them to find as many circles or triangles in the room as possible. Help show all your imagination and explain that figures can “hide” on fabric or wallpaper in the form of a pattern, represent a whole object or part of it.
Entertaining geometry
It is much easier to learn 5 geometric shapes if you draw them yourself. Offer your child a creative task, take a sheet of paper and paints, pencils and markers and draw a circle, rectangle, square, triangle and rhombus. A more interesting version of this game - the mother draws a geometric figure, and the child completes some elements, turning the form into an object or animal. You can also draw a rectangle on a piece of paper and hang it in a visible place. Of course, some of your guests will be surprised by such interior decoration, but you can always answer: “We teach geometric shapes with kids.” The next day, draw a circle and hang it next to the rectangle. And then offer to compare the figures with each other. Gradually add the remaining forms and be sure to devote a few minutes a day to such training.
Useful toys for learning shapes
A variety of games and toys will help you learn the basics of geometry. The easiest option is to purchase ready-made cards with images of figures. Typically, such sets are focused on studying shape and color. There can be many cards, the figures on them are repeated, but differ in size and shade. Play with this one board game maybe for hours. Ask them to collect all the same shapes, then arrange them according to size. Then mix the cards and ask them to find all the shapes of the same size or color. If you wish, you can make such a game with your own hands. A special children's lotto can also help in studying geometry. If you want, it’s not at all difficult to find such a game dedicated to figures. And yet, sorters remain the most popular geometric toys. Usually this is some kind of base (container, frame) with slots of different shapes. Colored geometric shapes are inserted into the holes. The child’s task is to select the appropriate slot on the base for each small object. Sorters come in different styles, but by choosing the simplest one - geometric, you get the opportunity to learn the names of the shapes while placing them in the base. Wooden or cardboard frames with inserts, made according to the principle of a sorter, can also help in studying forms. It is also useful to watch special educational cartoons about geometric shapes for kids. Combine all the proposed teaching options, and then your child will not have problems with geometry.