Games with counting sticks logic development of fine motor skills. Counting stick figures for preschoolers. Educational games and activities with cuiseneur sticks

23.10.2019

It is believed that children do not like mathematics. At the same time, play remains the main activity of preschoolers. That is why their learning during this period is based on games. In their work, preschool teachers need teaching aids that allow them to game form provide children with a deep understanding of basic mathematical concepts, teach them to compare quantities, give children an idea of proportionality and even some arithmetic operations. One such aid is Cuisenaire sticks.

Cuisenaire sticks: learning by playing

In our time, no one argues with the famous statement of Vasily Sukhomlinsky that a child’s mind is at his fingertips. The ability of children to include all senses in exploring the world around them was actively used in the development of innovative methods by Nikitin, Zaitsev, and Voskobovich. In this series, a worthy place is occupied by the development of George Cuisenaire, who came up with the idea of teaching children to count and establish quantitative relationships through touch and color perception.

History of invention

Since the middle of the 19th century, pedagogy began to abandon traditional methods of teaching based on drill and coercion, and began to focus on activating the child’s interest in learning. One of the means of influencing children's interest has become a variety of original ways of teaching innovative teachers, including those based on the use of original didactic materials.

In the 20th century, the number of innovative methods and accompanying items used during training grew very quickly. In mathematics, many teachers have strived to introduce children to mathematical concepts as early as possible. One of the significant directions has become the delivery of information to the child by tactile and visual means and the activation of perception, especially at an early age.

Names such as Dienesh, Cuisenaire or Voskobovich are familiar to specialists who work using visual methods. In principle, all three worked in the same direction. However, it appears that the Belgian primary school teacher George Cuisenaire (1891–1976) was the first. Back in 1952, he wrote his book “Numbers and Colors” about the essence of the methodology he developed.

Dynes's works were published somewhat later, although for sure, the doctor of mathematics and psychology Zoltan Dyenes began them much earlier and independently of Cuisenaire. As for the recipients of this technique, Cuisenaire sticks are mainly intended for classes with children aged 1 to 7 years.

The purpose of the Cuisenaire technique is to use the principle of clarity. With its help, complex abstract concepts from the field of elementary mathematics - numbers, quantitative quantities, relationships between them - are presented in a form that is as accessible as possible to children. This helps teach your child the steps necessary to reinforce simple but important math concepts.

These actions are important because they allow one to accumulate direct experience of perception, gradually carrying out a conditional transformation of personal understanding, moving in awareness of the essence of phenomena from the concrete to the abstract.

Children have a desire to master the skills of working with counting, with the number system, measurements, and learn to do what teachers call solving educational, educational, and developmental problems.

Zoltan Gyenes developed a similar system with a different form of keys didactic means, although the idea is still the same - the tactile sensation of the difference between geometric bodies gives a figurative and sensory idea of the essence of the ratios of numbers. Dynesh blocks are much more diverse. Such counting elements provide the teacher with the opportunity to use various ways training. But still, during the initial study of mathematics by young children, Cuisenaire rods are both more visual and simpler.

Purpose of using the manual

These sticks can be mathematically taken as a conditional set, where there are images of numbers and groups. Hidden in this set are enormous opportunities for modeling various logical and mathematical layouts. The size and color of the counting object determine the parameters of the number. Using these parameters, the understanding of conventional figurative concepts is specified. Using such “colorful and voluminous” symbolic objects for counting, preschoolers can develop a clear understanding of the essence of number.

Children approach the traditional conclusion, which states that the concept of number appeared in people as a result of household calculations and household measurements, without prompting, while performing game tasks. From the point of view of pedagogy, independently acquired knowledge, in our case about numbers and quantities, due to its clarity, will become especially significant.

By using sticks of predetermined colors and sizes, children more easily understand the relationships “how big or small objects are,” see the similarities and differences of objects, and learn to compare and contrast. In addition, they learn:

The ability to divide a whole into separate parts, or to measure an object with another, similar to it.
The existence of a set of elementary arithmetic operations, paired and inverse to each other: addition - subtraction, perhaps even multiplication - division.
The meaning of complex comparative concepts such as “to the left or to the right”, “longer or shorter”, “between”, “each”, “any”, “objects of the same color”, “object not of blue color", "objects of equal length", etc.

Varieties of industrial sets of Cuisenaire wands

Now in production different variants counting sticks Cuisenaire. These sets may differ in the number of counting elements, color, materials from which they were made (wood or plastic).

The classic set consists of 241 elements. All items in this set are made of wood. In shape, each such stick is a rectangular parallelepiped. In cross section it is a square, the cross-sectional area of which is 1 square. cm. The original set contains sticks of ten colors. The shortest stick is a cube with a side of 1 cm. The longest is 10 cm. That is, any stick, in fact, is an analogue of a number, the specifics of which are indicated by its length in centimeters and a certain color. Counting elements painted in similar colors are visually separated by children, and these objects are combined into one “family” according to the principle of multiplicity.

Cuisenaire rods are arranged in the order of the designated numbers, from 1 to 10

This classification is important. The fact is that the ratios taken into account here are size and color. A white cube from the “white family” can be placed in the length of any of the other sticks several times. The “red family” are elements whose size accommodates smallest stick, a number of times that is a multiple of two. The “green family” consists of rods whose length is a multiple of three; rods that are multiples of five are expressed by variations of yellow, and the number 7 is usually highlighted in black, as a special “family”.

There are modified versions of similar sets of sticks. They differ in the colors used. However, the manufacturer always applies some rules.

Identical sticks are colored the same and express the same number;
The longer the stick, the more value the number it expresses.
The colors of the sticks represent numbers from one to ten.

With kids it is better to use another, simplified version of Cuisinaire sticks. It is made of plastic and contains 119 sticks in 12 colors. All sticks also have the same base - a square measuring 1 square. cm.

There is also a flat version of the sticks; it consists of strips 2 cm wide. The shortest strip is a square 2x2 cm. The length of all other strips increases by 2 in each group of colors. These strips are made of plastic or thick colored cardboard. Their color scheme is the same as that of the sticks.

This version of counting elements is very convenient to use. Unlike traditional three-dimensional objects, they are larger and at the same time more compact, their production does not require significant costs at all, and their efficiency, in terms of learning opportunities, is quite high. They are easy to make even at home.

What can you do with chopsticks:

First of all, they are suitable for ordinary gaming manipulations. Children sort them out, arrange them in different ways and simply play with them like ordinary cubes.
Further, they can be used to compare them as analogues of numbers, indicating the difference between them. The child clearly senses the difference between the concepts of more and less.
Then it is possible to operate with sticks, indicating the operations of addition and subtraction. Here, sticks are used as a visual aid to teach concepts from an elementary math course.
Preschoolers who play with sticks and arrange them into jigsaw puzzles learn their numerical values and how they can be compared as analogues of numbers.
As a result, children are brought to the idea of arithmetic operations, which, with the visual help of tactile and visually familiar objects, become much more accessible to their understanding.

When acquaintance with Cuisenaire sticks is just beginning, children play with them as if with simple cubes, sticks, construction sets, learning, during games and activities, color, size and shape. During this period, the initial stage of memorizing tactile and visual sensations takes place. While playing, children evaluate three-dimensional images that are substitutes for numbers by touch, in combination with colors. Getting used to them as game objects will definitely play a role when the time comes for much more serious work.

in the first stages of acquaintance, children play with sticks as building material

With further work, the sticks become a tool for teaching growing mathematicians. With their help, kids learn the elementary laws and rules of the world of numbers and some significant mathematical concepts.

Games and tasks using Cuisenaire sticks

As for the use of this didactic material for classes, a great variety of specific applications have been developed during the implementation of the Cuisenaire technique. Practitioners and specialists in the propaedeutics of mathematical knowledge, working with preschool children, offer, for example, here are some options for classes that can be carried out with children aged two to four years:

Let's get acquainted with chopsticks. Together with your child, look at, sort through, touch all the sticks, tell them what color and length they are.
Take as many sticks as possible in your right hand, and now in your left.
You can lay out paths, fences, trains, squares, rectangles, pieces of furniture, various houses, garages from sticks on a plane.
We lay out a ladder of 10 Cuisenaire sticks from the smallest (white) to the largest (orange) and vice versa. Walk your fingers along the steps of the ladder, you can count out loud from 1 to 10 and back.
We lay out the ladder, passing 1 stick at a time. The child needs to find a place for the missing sticks.
You can build three-dimensional buildings from sticks, like from a construction set: wells, turrets, huts, etc.
We arrange the sticks by color and length.
“Find a stick the same color as mine. What color are they?"
“Put down the same number of sticks as I have.” “Lay out the sticks, alternating them by color: red, yellow, red, yellow” (later the algorithm becomes more complicated).
Lay out several Cuisenaire counting sticks, invite the child to memorize them, and then, while the baby is not looking, hide one of the sticks. The child needs to guess which stick has disappeared.
Lay out several sticks, invite the child to remember their relative positions and swap them. The baby needs to return everything to its place.
Place two sticks in front of the child: “Which stick is longer? Which one is shorter? Place these sticks on top of each other, aligning the ends, and check.
Place several Cuisenaire sticks in front of the child and ask: “Which is the longest? Which is the shortest?
The task is to find any stick that is shorter than the blue one and longer than the red one.
Place the sticks into 2 piles: one has 10 pieces, and the other has 2. Ask where there are more sticks.
Ask to show you a red stick, a blue one, a yellow one.
Show me the stick so it's not yellow.
Ask to find 2 absolutely identical Cuisenaire rods. Ask: “How long are they? What color are they?"
Build a train from carriages different lengths starting from the shortest to the longest. Ask what color the carriage is fifth or eighth. Which carriage is to the right of the blue one, to the left of the yellow one. Which carriage is the shortest, the longest? Which carriages are longer than the yellow one, shorter than the blue one.
Lay out several pairs of identical sticks and ask the child to “put the sticks in pairs.”
Name the number, and the child will need to find the corresponding Cuisenaire stick (1 - white, 2 - pink, etc.). And vice versa, you show the stick, and the child names the required number. Here you can lay out cards with dots or numbers depicted on them.
From several sticks you need to make one the same length as burgundy and orange.
From several identical sticks you need to make one the same length as the orange one.
How many white sticks can fit in a blue stick?
Using an orange stick, you need to measure the length of a book, pencil, etc.
“List all the colors of the sticks lying on the table.”
“Find the longest and shortest stick in the set. Place them on top of each other; and now next to each other.”
“Choose 2 sticks of the same color. What length are they? Now find 2 sticks of the same length. What color are they?"
“Take any 2 sticks and place them so that the long one is at the bottom.”
Place three burgundy Cuisenaire counting sticks parallel to each other, and four of the same color on the right. Ask which figure is wider than the others and which is the narrowest.
“Place the sticks from the lowest to the largest (parallel to each other). Attach the same row to these sticks on top, only in reverse order.” (You will get a square).
“Place the blue stick between the red and yellow, the orange to the left of the red, the pink to the left of the red.”
“With your eyes closed, take any stick from the box, look at it and name what color it is” (later you can determine the color of the sticks even with your eyes closed).
With your eyes closed, find 2 sticks of the same length in the set. One of the sticks in your hands is blue, and what color is the other?”
“With your eyes closed, find 2 sticks of different lengths. If one of the sticks is yellow, can you determine the color of the other stick?”
“I have a stick in my hands that’s a little longer than blue, guess its color.”
“Name all the sticks that are longer than the red one, shorter than the blue one,” etc.
“Find any two sticks that are not equal to this stick.”
We build a pyramid from Cuisenaire sticks and determine which stick is at the very bottom, which is at the very top, which is between blue and yellow, under blue, above pink, which stick is lower: burgundy or blue.
“Put out one of two white sticks, and next to it put a stick (pink) corresponding to their length. Now we put three white sticks - the blue one corresponds to them,” etc.
“Take the chopsticks in your hand. Count how many sticks you have in your hand.”
Which two sticks can be used to make a red one? (number composition)
We have Cuisenaire's white counting stick. What stick should be added to make it the same length as red.
What sticks can you use to make the number 5? (different ways)
How much longer is the blue stick than the pink one?
“Make two trains. The first is pink and purple, and the second is blue and red.”
“One train consists of a blue and a red stick. Using white sticks, make a train that is 1 carriage longer than the existing one.”
“Make a train from two yellow sticks. Build a train of the same length from white sticks.”
How many pink sticks can fit in an orange one?

More complex games are aimed at developing mathematical concepts, instilling counting skills and reinforcing ideas about logic. This work is carried out with children aged four years and older. However, sometimes in such work it makes sense to return to purely playful practices, reminding children that this is a conditionally playful, and not purely educational space. Experts, in this regard, recommend the following exercises:

Lay out four white Cuisenaire counting sticks to form a square. Based on this square, you can introduce your child to fractions and fractions. Show one part out of four, two parts out of four. What is greater - 1/4 or 2/4?
Image “Make each of the numbers from 11 to 20 using sticks.”
Lay out a figure from Cuisenaire sticks, and ask the child to make the same one (in the future, you can cover your figure from the child with a sheet of paper).
The child lays out the sticks, following your instructions: “Put the red stick on the table, put the blue one on the right, yellow on the bottom,” etc.
Draw different geometric shapes or letters on a piece of paper and ask your child to place a red stick next to the letter “a” or in a square.
You can use sticks to build labyrinths, some intricate patterns, rugs, and figures.

Almost every one of us remembers such an element as counting sticks from childhood. These were multi-colored plastic or wooden plates that were painted in different colors. With the help of such a simple invention, most children learned to count, distinguish colors, and create compositions. But now we will dig a little deeper and try to figure out how counting sticks can help a child develop abstract thinking, form basic preschool knowledge and become smarter and more inventive every day.

It all starts with the right approach

In order to modern child, which is literally buried in a variety of different toys, could be interested in such simple objects as multi-colored thin plates, it’s worth cheating a little. So, the first thing parents should do is to attach the adjective “magic” to the wands. For better results, you can store them in an unusual box (if you have a girl) or in one of the toy big cars(in the case of a boy). Don’t forget to always draw your child’s attention to the fact that counting sticks can teach him to count, draw, and depict various figures. The classes that take place with their participation should always be interesting for the baby. Make sure that he doesn’t get bored, that he really enjoys this process and that he enthusiastically masters new horizons of knowledge.

Brief instructions for use

In general, we can say that counting multi-colored sticks develop more than one skill in a growing child. Among these are hands, logic, imagination, in addition, they help the baby become more focused and assiduous. Fantasy and creative potential also develop richer and brighter. This children's device can be used if we learn to count to 10, study the alphabet, and compose syllables and words. Counting sticks are also suitable for modeling various figures and designs. You can make a boat, a house, even a mom and dad out of them. It is also interesting for children to sort sticks by color and size (if they have different sizes).

in infancy

From nine months of a baby’s life, you can safely begin to improve the motor skills of his hands. At this age, the baby begins to develop a tweezer grip (he begins to pick up objects with his thumbs and index fingers), so the task of parents is to improve this natural and vital skill. In this case, the best assistant will be counting sticks, which are short in length and very thin in thickness. Cut a small hole in the chopstick box with a knife, then turn out all the contents in front of the baby. Let him put the sticks into the box one by one, picking them up with his fingers. When the child begins to grow up, the game can be diversified by the fact that it will now take place over time. The kid will have to put the maximum number of records into the box in a certain period.

Learning colors

Games with counting sticks, where they need to be sorted by color, will be very entertaining for the baby. You can also start teaching your child this at the age of nine months or one year. To begin, select plates of two colors, mix them and show your child exactly how to arrange them. You can simply create two piles, for example, for blue and red. You can make the game more interesting - invite the child to put blue sticks in a box of the same color, and do the same with red ones. This exercise affects the development of the baby’s sensory system. He begins to perceive new material faster and processes it better. Also, during the game, the child will learn to compare and accept correct solution. When you see progress in your work, add another color.

Non-standard combinations

As a rule, at the age of one year, children begin to master such material as plasticine. At first, the kids sculpt some abstract and unclear figures from it, but if you help them a little in this creative process, their success will be much more noticeable. It is in this work that you can use counting sticks to your advantage, and we will now tell you how to do this. A stick that matches the color can become a tree trunk or a flower stem. From large quantity using records, you can make a fence in a plasticine house. Also, sticks can be used as spines for a hedgehog, human arms and legs, dog or cat paws, and so on. It all depends on your imagination and, of course, on your child’s abstract thinking.

Drawing with sticks

It happens that adults try to teach a child to draw certain things, objects, or even depict something on paper, but their efforts are in vain. But it should be remembered, even if the child does not show any special talents in the field of painting, he is simply obliged to convey and be able to depict the simplest objects and phenomena. This fundamentally affects his abstract thinking and perception. Therefore, now we will add various figures from counting sticks and start with the simplest. Draw a simple picture on paper, without painting it over, but leaving only the outlines. Now invite your child to place sticks along these lines. Draw your child’s attention to the fact that both stripes must match exactly. You can complicate the task with the help of flowers. Draw, for example, a brown Christmas tree trunk and green branches. Now let the baby select the plates that match the color and put them on top.

Head deep into math

Every parent knows that counting sticks are one of the best helpers when we learn to count to 10 or study geometry. Amazingly, simple plates that resemble matches serve the best teachers for children and perfectly develop abstract thinking and understanding of this material. How to teach a child to simply count is understandable to everyone. You just need to lay out the required number of sticks, add additional ones to them or subtract them. But if you study geometry, then there are much more opportunities. You can make shapes from the plates, change them, and do this by moving only one of their sides. By the way, you can explain to your baby what a side is in this very way. Knowledge about what an angle, parallel sides, perpendicular and other basics of geometry is similarly invested.

We form the baby’s didactic skills

Cuisenaire's counting sticks are a real find for the younger generation. They are a combination of color and number, which, according to experts, allows a child to quickly and effectively learn the basics of mathematics and logic. In addition, they perfectly develop didactic skills, improve hand motor skills and improve abstract thinking. If you look from a mathematical point of view, then these sticks are a set in which order and equivalence are monitored. Thus, by modeling a number with the help of this “constructor”, the child begins, without noticing it, to solve simple mathematical problems. In his understanding, an idea of number is formed based on measurement.

Playing with Cuisenaire's invention

If you have a very tiny child (one to one and a half years old), then the colored Cuisenaire counting sticks will for now only serve as a construction set. However, we still use it with a hint of mathematics, using the following method. You can make a ladder out of sticks. We place the longest of them at the bottom, place a slightly shorter one above, then an even shorter one, and so on. The records can also be placed in different ways. They may end up being shaped like a pyramid, or they may be fitted to one side. This will give the child the opportunity to understand what it means to be more and less, what it means to be “between” or “on both sides.” Similarly, you can compose any compositions and gradually complicate them, monitoring the development of your child.

Conclusion

Counting colorful sticks are a real find for every family where a child grows up. With their help, you can teach your child any basic skills, from the simplest - hand motor skills, to preschool mathematical knowledge. You can use simple sticks in the process of teaching your little ones, or you can buy Cuisenaire counting sticks, which are considered much more effective and contribute to the better development of the little personality. Therefore, come up with various games, train your child’s imagination and watch how he literally improves before your eyes and becomes smarter and smarter.

Counting sticks. Many parents are preschoolers and do not think about purchasing them, since “officially” they are not intended for games at all, but for school activities. But it is the sticks that contribute to the development fine motor skills hands, exercises with counting sticks develop hand mobility, attention, imagination, dexterity, coordination, thinking and intelligence. Allows you to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes ah, master constructive skills, introduces the child to the concept of “symmetry”.

Today I want to introduce games with counting sticks.

Folding and laying out sticks from the box one, two, three at a time.

Transferring from one box to another. laying out objects from a given number of sticks.

Drawing up geometric shapes (based on a model). square, triangle, rectangle, as well as images of simple objects: path, window, etc.

“Fence”, “Hedgehog” - sticking sticks into plasticine.

Help your child build a house or tree out of sticks, then offer to come up with it yourself and lay out any stick figure. It is good to accompany the show with poems, riddles or nursery rhymes; this is necessary to maintain interest in such games and to create not only a visual, but also an auditory image.

Game “Drawing with Sticks” Lay out a road out of sticks, and the child will be happy to roll cars along it. Make a pedestrian crossing and learn the rules traffic

The more sticks, the more interesting. You can “plant” colorful flowers, draw cars, etc. This game perfectly develops the child’s imagination.

For laying out sticks, you can use sample pictures.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Math games with counting sticks.

In GCD on the formation of elementary mathematical representations It is necessary to include interesting exercises with counting objects......

Games with counting sticks

The formation of a child’s oral speech begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient accuracy. This can be facilitated by laying out drawings from counting sticks according to diagrams....

It is necessary to introduce the baby to basic geometric shapes. Show him a rectangle, a circle, a triangle. Explain what a rectangle (square, rhombus) can be. Explain what a side is and what an angle is. Why is a triangle called a triangle (three angles). Explain that there are other geometric shapes that differ in the number of angles.

Let the child make geometric figures from sticks and simply modify them. Tasks are given with gradual complication. The child first makes object images from sticks: houses, boats, simple buildings, furniture, then geometric shapes: squares, triangles, rectangles and quadrangles of different sizes and with different aspect ratios, and then again object images, but based on preliminary analysis and division complex shape highlighting geometric shapes. Geometric figures are now used as a template to determine the shape of objects.

You can give it the required dimensions based on the number of sticks. Invite him, for example, to fold a rectangle with sides of three sticks and four sticks; a triangle with sides of two and three sticks.

Also make shapes of different sizes and shapes with different numbers of sticks. Ask your child to compare the shapes. Another option would be combined figures, in which some sides will be common.

For example, from five sticks you need to simultaneously make a square and two identical triangles; or make two squares out of ten sticks: large and small (the small square is made up of two sticks inside the large one).

By combining counting sticks, the child begins to better understand mathematical concepts (“number”, “more”, “less”, “same”, “figure”, “triangle”, etc.).

Using chopsticks is also useful to form letters and numbers. In this case, a comparison of concept and symbol occurs. Let the child match the number made up of sticks with the number of sticks that makes up this number.

Exercise “Do as I do”

Regular school counting sticks are also perfect for playing with two-year-olds. On a flat surface, the adult lays out some simple figure from sticks, adding one each time, and invites the child to do the same. So the baby gradually masters the action according to the model, still in the most elementary form:

a) how many sticks are enough to take to make a triangle? (Three.) Take three sticks and make a triangle;

b) how many sticks are enough to add to make a quadrilateral? (One.) Add one and make a quadrilateral. What does your quad look like? (Per square.)

c) fold such a lamp. What else does this look like?

d) fold the following boat:

e) put together a vase like this:

f) fold the following candy:

g) fold the TV:

h) come up with your own figure and make it out of sticks.

Design and transformation tasks

Exercise 1

Divide a rectangle of 6 sticks into 2 equal squares with one stick, a square of 4 sticks into 2 equal triangles, rectangles.

Exercise 2

Move one stick so that the house turns in the other direction.

Exercise 3

Arrange four sticks in a shape similar to a key to make three squares.

Exercise 4

What is the smallest number of sticks that need to be moved to remove debris from the dust pan?

Exercise 5

Move two sticks so that the cow is facing the other direction.

Exercise 6

In this figure, rearrange three sticks so that you get four equal quadrangles.

Exercise 7

In the figure representing an arrow, rearrange four sticks to form four triangles.

Exercise 8

In a figure consisting of four squares, rearrange three sticks so that you get three identical squares.

Exercise 9

Rebuild the ship into a tank by moving six sticks.

Exercise 10

Rebuild the vase into a TV by moving five sticks.

Exercise 11

In a figure of six squares, remove three sticks so that four squares remain.

The ages of two to three years are called the “big leap year.” And indeed, between two and three years the child has brilliant achievements: speech develops intensively, purposefulness, self-awareness, and social interaction with peers appear. Children master creative activities: drawing, the simplest forms of design, children develop the ability to fantasize, and the foundations of intelligence are laid.

GAMES WITH COUNTING STICKS “Nimble fingers.” You can develop fine motor skills in your baby’s hands from about nine months of age, when he begins to develop a tweezer grip (he begins to pick up objects with his thumb and forefinger). Make a slit using a knife or scissors in the counting case sticks and show the baby how to put sticks in it one at a time. Such a game can captivate the baby for a long time, because children love to put objects into holes and hide them. But the baby should play under your supervision, because at this age everything What the eye sees, the quick fingers immediately put it into the mouth. We arrange them by color. At about the same age, you can begin to teach your child to sort sticks by color. To begin, select sticks of two colors and show how they can be sorted into two different piles. You can offer it to the child put the sticks in boxes or bags. When the baby learns to cope with the task, add sticks of another color. This game develops sensory perception, the ability to compare, find similarities and differences, and introduces the baby to the logical operations of analysis and synthesis at an elementary level. In the world of plasticine. Usually at the age of one to one and a half years, the child begins to be offered a variety of creative tasks, including, of course, games with plasticine. The ability to combine in the creative process various materials develops not only imagination and creativity, but also the ability to think outside the box. Counting sticks go well with plasticine. They can become: thorns in a hedgehog, a stem in a flower, a tree trunk, a fence in a plasticine world, a pipe in a plasticine house, the arms and legs of a plasticine man, a mushroom leg, and many other different objects that your imagination will tell you. Let's play geometry. When to start introducing a child to mathematics, parents decide for themselves. Someone is already hanging numbers and geometric shapes above the crib... And someone is waiting until the child is four or five years old. Or when the baby himself shows interest in mathematics. In any case, learning mathematics with counting sticks is very convenient. They will not only help you learn to count, but also introduce you to geometric shapes, help you explain very clearly and clearly to your child what an angle, a side is, how a square differs from a rectangle, how you can get another from one shape, and much, much more. You can: lay out geometric shapes from counting sticks lay out geometric shapes from counting sticks along a drawn contour play transformations: make others from some geometric shapes. The kid can simply watch these magical transformations, and an older child (from 4-5 years old) can be asked to complete tasks himself: “How to make a rhombus from a square? What about a parallelogram? How, by adding one stick, can you turn a square into a trapezoid? Into triangles? How many sticks must be removed from the square so that it turned into a triangle? How many sticks do you need to add to make the square turn into a rectangle?" If you practice with sticks of the same color, then all changes by adding the number of sticks (from a triangle - a square, from a square - a trapezoid or rectangle, etc.) for greater clarity, you can do it using sticks of a different color. For example, you show a child a figurine, then he turns away, and you perform the transformation. After this, the child must look at the result and answer the question “what has changed” and try to understand how it happened. introduce geometric concepts Using sticks, you can very clearly and clearly explain to your child what a side (stick) is and what an angle is (the place where one stick meets another). You can explain to your child what a diameter is and why the size of a circle depends on the diameter. To do this, just place two sticks next to each other on a sheet of paper and draw a circle of the appropriate diameter around them. Two sticks are the diameter of the circle, one stick is the radius. What if you take three sticks and draw new circle , then it will turn out to be larger than the previous one, since the length of the diameter has become larger. "Cognitive paths". By the age of two, a child becomes familiar with the concepts of “wide”/“narrow”, “long”/“short”. This can be done by laying out tracks of counting sticks. Show your child how to make a wide or long path out of sticks. We put the sticks side by side - one next to the other - the path turns out to be wide, but short. And if you put one stick to the tip of another, the path will turn out to be long, very long, but narrow. We take one stick - this is a short path. We put another stick on it - the path has become longer. One more - the path became even longer. This way you can introduce your child to the concepts of “short”, “long”, “longest”, “shortest”. The child will see that the more sticks there are in the path, the longer it will be. And if you use sticks together with plasticine, you can introduce the child to the concepts of “high” and “low”. Learning to count. Of course, counting sticks are an excellent material for teaching counting. At the age of approximately two years, the child already begins to operate with the concepts of “one” and “many”. He begins to count to two, and by the age of three or three and a half years he counts within five (this refers to the quantitative recognition of objects, and not the mechanical naming of a sequence of numbers). Using counting sticks, you can clearly demonstrate the composition of a number, get acquainted with the simplest mathematical operations of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, and study the concepts of number and quantity. For children two to three years old Take one stick from the pile and place it separately. The kid must show where there is one stick and where there are many. Take two sticks, tell the child that there are two sticks. Look together for other pairs of objects (two arms, two legs, two eyes, maybe two chairs in the room, etc.). Explain that if you take one and another, you get two. Teach your child to correlate the number of objects and their numerical designation. Draw cards with numbers from one to five. Show him no more than one new card per day with a number and the corresponding number of sticks. On the first day, place a card with the number 1 and one stick in front of him, the next day add a card with the number 2, and so on. Place cards with numbers from one to five vertically, and next to each card the corresponding number of sticks. Please pay attention to the child that the number of sticks is constantly increasing by one (one and one more - two, two and one more - three, three and one more - four and so on). For children from four years old To study the relationship between number and quantity, take cards from 0 to 10. Lay out the cards vertically, and place the corresponding number of sticks next to each card. Please pay attention to the child that the number of sticks increases by one all the time. Give your child cards with numbers. He must take the appropriate number of sticks. We study the composition of the number. How can you decompose the number 5? For clarity, take sticks of two different colors and lay out the number 5 from them: for example, two blue and three yellow. Or one blue and four yellow, etc. Invite your child to guess for himself how many sticks he needs to add to a certain number. For example, you lay out four sticks. How many more sticks do you need to add to make it ten? With the help of sticks, you can clearly explain to a 5-6 year old child what an “example” is and how the operations of subtraction and addition are indicated. Take two sticks of one color and three sticks of a different color. Ask your child how many sticks there are. Then place a plus sign between the sticks of different colors, and put their numerical designations above the sticks (2 × 3). To explain the subtraction operation, take five sticks and a card with the number 5. Then take two sticks, and next to the card with the number put a card with a minus sign and a card with the number 2. Ask the child how many sticks are left (cards can be replaced with numbers from the magnetic alphabet). If you see that the child understands your explanations, you can introduce him to the equal sign. Lay out the expression using chopsticks, and the child will also have to use chopsticks to lay out the answer after the equal sign. When the child begins to confidently cope with the task, replace the sticks with numerical symbols. Do not give your child complex examples with large numbers; solve problems within tens. It is important for a child to understand the meaning and principles of addition and subtraction, and later multiplication and division. Once your child can add and subtract within ten, you can introduce multiplication and division. To do this you will need sticks and number cards and some toys. For example, take figurines of a cow, horse and sheep. You have three animals (place a card with the number three in front of the child). Each animal has three tasty carrots (place three red or orange sticks in front of each animal and take another card with the number three). How to calculate how many carrots animals have? To do this, you need to multiply three (put a multiplication sign between the cards with numbers) by three, that is, take three times three. Count how many carrots you will get if there are two animals, and each one takes three carrots. What if you give three animals two each? To understand the principle of division, take several stick carrots and ask your child to divide them equally between three animals. The number of carrots each toy ends up with will be the result of division. Divide different numbers of carrots between different numbers of animals. You can show your child that it is not always possible to divide objects equally without leaving a remainder. Using sticks and cards with numbers, you can explain to your child how a number differs from a number and from a quantity. To do this you will need sticks and cards with numbers from zero to nine. Explain to your child that there are only 10 numbers. When a number represents a quantity, it becomes a number. All numbers are made up of numbers. You can show your child large two and three digit numbers and name them. Let the child name the numbers from which they are made. For example, in order to write the number 10, you need to take two digits one and zero. The number of objects can be very large, so in order to somehow designate them, numbers and numbers were invented. Together with your child, place the corresponding number of sticks next to the number cards. If your child is already able to count and perform simple operations within 10, you can move on to introducing two-digit numbers. To demonstrate what a ten is, display it in one color and the second order numbers in another. Eleven is ten blue sticks and one yellow, twelve is ten blue and two yellow, and so on. We draw with sticks. You can lay out anything you want from sticks on a plane. Make a road out of them, and the child will be happy to roll cars along it. Lay out a pedestrian crossing, take the dolls and learn the rules of the road. Using sticks, you can plant colorful flowers on the floor, draw houses, cars, angular cats or dogs, birds and fish, little people - whatever you want. The more sticks, the more interesting. This game perfectly develops a child's imagination. Sticks - designer. To play you will need counting sticks and plasticine balls. By connecting sticks using plasticine, you can build a variety of three-dimensional shapes. We develop not only imagination, creative thinking and spatial perception, but also get acquainted with geometric bodies (cube, cone, prism). "Logical chains". Laying out logical chains with a certain rhythm using sticks helps the child develop sensory perception, attentiveness, logical thinking,sequence understanding. This game can have two options: either you lay out your chain of sticks, and the child must lay out the same chain as yours, or you start laying out a chain with a certain rhythm and ask the child to continue it (the second option, of course, is more difficult). "Rhythm" can be a changing sequence of colors of sticks or their arrangement. Start with the simplest chains, for example, alternating yellow and green sticks. Make the tasks more difficult gradually. You can change the location of the sticks, place them horizontally or vertically, and use different color combinations. Substitute toys. Ability to use play activity Substitute objects are a necessary element in the development of children's play. The simplest example of this phenomenon is a palm placed on the ear and representing a telephone receiver. A child can enthusiastically move a piece of bread around the table like a toy car, feed dolls with cake cubes and shoot index finger against an invisible enemy. Counting sticks fit perfectly into role-playing games. Children most often imagine them as spoons and spoons and feed them to dolls; sometimes the sticks become tiny automatic weapons and guns, and from a bunch of sticks placed in a toy saucepan you can cook excellent spaghetti.

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