In Russia, the beginning of November is the traditional time of autumn school holidays and holidays. The Soviet celebration of the anniversary of the October Revolution gave way to a new patriotic holiday - day national unity . The holiday is celebrated November 4 in memory of the victory of the Russian people over foreign invaders.

How to relax in November 2019

National Unity Day November 4 is a day off. Accordingly, Russians are waiting for a three-day weekend (2, 3 and 4 November), and the next working week will be shortened - from Tuesday, November 5th. The pre-holiday working day, which must be shortened by an hour, is Friday, November 1. But November 7 is a regular working day.

History of the holiday National Unity Day

The events remembered on November 4 marked the end of the Time of Troubles and the revival of Russia as a single strong state. It is believed that the Time of Troubles, accompanied by various disasters, both natural and, alas, man-made, lasted in Russia from 1598 to 1613. Riots, terror, intervention and natural disasters plunged the country into a severe political and economic crisis, which could lead to the disappearance of Russia as a state.

The beginning of the crisis is usually attributed to the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich, son Ivan the Terrible. With the death of Tsar Fedor, who ruled for quite a long time, but was not a strong ruler, the dynasty came to an end Rurikovich.

After the death of Fedor in 1598, the boyars' nominee ascended the throne Boris Godunov, who was an educated, intelligent man and, perhaps, had a chance of becoming a good ruler for Russia. But Godunov was haunted by an evil fate - the country was torn apart by contradictions, there was a crop failure and famine, the people began to grumble. Naturally, they began to look for the culprit who “hid” the “real” king from the people. Godunov was declared guilty - according to his ill-wishers, he gave the order to kill the prince Dimitri- the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible. Dimitri died in Uglich under extremely suspicious circumstances, and historians still disagree on what exactly caused the prince’s death.

Against the backdrop of famine and other troubles, people began to say that the “real” tsar was alive, that the surviving Demetrius would soon show up and drive out the usurper Godunov.

Well, as they say, off we go. False Dmitry climbed out of all the cracks, and then suddenly in quite at a young age Godunov died. After his death, they managed to sit on the throne False Dmitry I And Vasily Shuisky, managed Seven Boyars, Polish prince Vladislav, and a couple more False Dmitriev. Moscow was actually occupied by Polish invaders, who robbed the people without hesitation.

In short, the country was dying: people fled by the thousands from their homes, the fields were deserted, everyone was waiting for the Last Judgment and preparing for inevitable death.

In this difficult time, Patriarch Hermogenes called on the Russian people to unite and expel the occupiers, defending Orthodoxy and the Fatherland. They responded to the call in Nizhny Novgorod, where the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin and the prince Dmitry Pozharsky volunteered to convene a national militia. The militia, which included representatives of all classes and peoples living in Russia, took as a symbol the considered miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, moved towards Moscow. October 22 (November 4, New Style) 1612 militias stormed Moscow's Kitay-Gorod, which became important stage in the matter of expelling Polish occupiers from Moscow.

The Time of Troubles ended in February 1613, when the extremely representative Zemsky Sobor for those times elected the 16-year-old as the new king. Mikhail Romanov, which gave rise to a new dynasty that reigned in Russia for 300 years.

Since then Kazan icon was revered as a particularly important symbol. Son of Mikhail Romanov - Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich, who ruled in Russia from 1645 to 1676, established a holiday on November 4 in honor of the Kazan Icon and in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Polish occupiers in 1612. In memory of those events, a modern holiday was established in 2005 National Unity Day.

Modern traditions

The holiday is widely celebrated in Moscow and, of course, in Nizhny Novgorod, which is usually visited by leaders of the Russian state on this day. On National Unity Day, patriotic events are held in Russian cities, including holiday concerts, flash mobs, folk festivals.

In St. Petersburg, the “Wonder of the World” festival, which is extremely popular among citizens, is timed to coincide with National Unity Day, which this year will be held on November 2 and 3 from 19.00 to 22.00 on Palace Square. Viewers will see a large-scale 3D mapping show using laser and light technologies. Admission to the show is free.

What is celebrated on November 7

National Unity Day actually took holiday calendar Russian holiday place November 7 in honor of the anniversary October Revolution 2017. Now November 7th is a memorable day in honor of parade on Red Square in 1941. In addition, on November 7, the anniversary of the revolution is traditionally celebrated by communists. This day is not a day off.

There are people who may ask the question: “What holiday is November 4th?” And really, which one? Many people think that November 4 Day of consent and reconciliation, others think it's National Unity Day Russia. What holiday will we celebrate on November 4th? 2019 of the year? In general, if we look at the history of the November 4 holiday, it begins in 1612, when the well-known Minin and Pozharsky led the people’s militia and liberated Kitay-Gorod, and also blocked the retreating invaders in the Kremlin. This event took place on October 22 according to the old style, that is, November 4 according to the new style. This holiday was established by decree of Tsar Alexei Romanov and it was celebrated until the moment when the Bolsheviks came to power, which they abolished on November 4. Instead of the holiday on the occasion of the expulsion of the interventionists, November 7 appeared. On this day, the Soviet Union celebrated the “Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.” This event was celebrated in our country until 2004. But at the same time, in 1996, the holiday changed its name to “Day of Harmony and Reconciliation.” And since 2005, the holiday of November 7 was abolished and November 4 was again remembered, which was called “National Unity Day”. So November 4 is the day of national unity.

November 4, 2019 how are we relaxing?

We think that anyone would be interested in how they relax on the occasion of a holiday. November 4, 2019? After all, you really want to plan your weekend in advance and have a nice time with your family or even organize a small celebration, because such a wonderful occasion is the Day of National Unity. So, the answer to the question “how do we relax on November 4, 2019” will be as follows.

November 4, 2019 - National Unity Day holiday falls on Monday in 2019. That's why, November holidays in 2019 we celebrate and rest for only three days.

November 4 - National Unity Day 2019

Holiday National Unity Day- This is one of the holidays of military glory. This holiday is young, and there are no traditions for this holiday yet, however, for educational institutions You can prepare a wall newspaper on the occasion of November 4th, and you can use the services. They can write poems for National Unity Day, and to write a script for the National Unity Day holiday, you can contact.

National Unity Day script

Although many are poorly informed about the holiday, because it was introduced only in 2005, our schools organize extracurricular activities on National Unity Day or, at a minimum, carry out Classroom hour on a holiday theme. In addition, sometimes educational institutions organize festive events on the occasion of November 4th. The National Unity Day holiday scenario can be very useful for such a case. Despite everything, on November 4 we accept congratulations on National Unity Day.

If you want to organize the National Unity Day holiday on November 4, then on our portal you will find everything you need for this. Please accept our congratulations on National Unity Day.

In December 2004, Russian President V.V. Putin signed the Federal Law “On the introduction of Article 1 Federal Law“On the days of military glory (victorious days) of Russia,” in which November 4 was declared the Day of National Unity.

It was established in memory of the events of 1612, when the people's militia led by Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky liberated Moscow from Polish invaders. Historically, this holiday is associated with the end of the Time of Troubles in Russia in the 17th century. By the Time of Troubles, historians mean the events of almost three decades, from the death of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1584 until 1613, when the first of the Romanov dynasty, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, reigned on the Russian throne. The Time of Troubles was an era of the deepest crisis of the Moscow state, caused by the suppression of the royal Rurik dynasty. The dynastic crisis soon developed into a national-state crisis. The united Russian state collapsed, and numerous impostors appeared. Widespread robberies, robbery, theft, bribery, and widespread drunkenness struck the country. It seemed to many contemporaries of the Time of Troubles that the final ruin of the “blessed kingdom of Moscow” had occurred. Power in Moscow was usurped by the “Seven Boyars” led by Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky, who sent Polish troops into the Kremlin with the intention of placing the Catholic prince Vladislav on the Russian throne. In this difficult time for Russia, Patriarch Hermogenes called on the Russian people to defend Orthodoxy and expel the Polish invaders from Moscow. "It's time to lay down your soul for the House Holy Mother of God!” - wrote the patriarch. His call was taken up by the Russian people. A broad patriotic movement began for the liberation of the capital from the Poles. The first people's (zemstvo) militia was headed by the Ryazan governor Prokopiy Lyapunov. But due to infighting between the nobles and the Cossacks, who killed the governor on false charges, the militia disintegrated. The anti-Polish uprising that began prematurely in Moscow on March 19, 1611 was defeated.

In September 1611, a small “trading man”, Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin, appealed to the townspeople to create a people’s militia. At a city meeting, he made his famous speech: “Orthodox people, we want to help the Moscow state, we will not spare our bellies, and not just our bellies - we will sell our yards, we will pawn our wives and children and we will beat our heads so that someone will become our boss. And what praise will all of us receive from the Russian land that such a great thing will happen from such a small city as ours.” At Minin’s call, the townspeople voluntarily gave “a third of their money” to create a zemstvo militia. But voluntary contributions were not enough. Therefore, a forced collection of “fifth money” was announced: everyone had to contribute a fifth of their income to the treasury of the militia for the salaries of serving people. At Minin’s suggestion, the 30-year-old Novgorod prince Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to the post of chief governor. Pozharsky did not immediately accept the offer; he agreed to be a governor on the condition that the townspeople themselves would choose an assistant for him who would be in charge of the treasury of the militia. And Minin became “the elected man of the whole earth.” So at the head of the second zemstvo militia were two people elected by the people and invested with their complete trust. Under the banners of Pozharsky and Minin, a huge army for that time gathered - more than 10 thousand serving local people, up to three thousand Cossacks, more than a thousand archers and many “dacha people” from the peasants. With the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, revealed in 1579, the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo militia managed to storm Kitay-Gorod on November 4, 1612 and expel the Poles from Moscow. The Great Zemsky Council of 1613 was the final victory over the Troubles, the triumph of Orthodoxy and national unity.

By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who reigned in 1645-1676, a holiday was established in honor of this great event, which became an Orthodox holiday. public holiday Moscow Rus' (celebrated until 1917). IN church calendar This day became known as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612. This is what Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' said in connection with the establishment of a new holiday in Russia related to the events of 1912: “Let new holiday will serve the unity of the people, the awareness that Russia is our common Motherland. Worldview, national, social and other differences that are inevitable in any modern state should not hinder our common efforts for the prosperity of the Fatherland and the well-being of the people living in it.” The Patriarch also called on Russians to turn November 4 into “a day of good deeds and caring for people.”

Russians are preparing for the 13th time to celebrate one of the youngest Russian holidays - National Unity Day.

When is National Unity Day celebrated?

How many days are we on vacation in November 2017?

National Unity Day is a public holiday and a day off. In 2017, November 4 falls on a Saturday, so Russians were “compensated” for this day by adding Monday for rest.

Thus, in 2017, in connection with National Unity Day, Russians will rest for three days in a row - from Saturday, November 4, to Monday, November 6 inclusive.

Note that November 7, when the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution is celebrated, will be an ordinary working day. However, the communists planned traditional ceremonial events for November 7.

History of the holiday National Unity Day

Holiday National Unity Day first appeared in the Russian calendar in 2005. date November 4 In many ways, it is conventional in nature, and the holiday itself is celebrated in memory of the end of a difficult historical period, which received the name in history as the Great Troubles, or the Time of Troubles. The end of the Time of Troubles was marked by the restoration of Russian statehood and the accession to the throne of the first tsar from the house of Romanov - a 16-year-old Mikhail Romanov, whose descendants ruled Russia for 300 years.

The accession of Romanov was preceded by events that occurred in Moscow at the end of October (according to modern chronology - at the beginning of November) 1612. In those days, the people's militia from Nizhny Novgorod, formed by a simple citizen Kuzma Minin and the prince Dmitry Pozharsky, expelled Polish interventionists from Moscow.

According to the generally accepted version, it was on November 4, according to the new style, that the militia drove the Poles out of Kitai-Gorod, where the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was solemnly brought. In memory of this event, Prince Pozharsky later founded a temple in Moscow.

Having lost Kitai-Gorod, the Polish garrison barricaded itself in the Kremlin, but surrendered as a result of negotiations. And soon a Russian tsar appeared in Russia - he became a young Mikhail Romanov, elected by the Zemsky Sobor. It is believed that this event marked the actual end of the Time of Troubles.

More than three decades later - in 1649 - the son of Mikhail Romanov - Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich (Quiet) ordered to celebrate on October 22 (November 4 according to the modern calendar) the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, supplementing with this holiday the summer celebration of the discovery of the shrine on July 21 (July 8 according to the old style).

National Unity Day 2017: program of events

On National Unity Day, dozens of festive events, dedicated including to autumn holidays among schoolchildren.

The main celebrations, as in previous years, will take place in the homeland of the militia of Minin and Pozharsky - In Nizhniy Novgorod.

In Moscow National Unity Day will be celebrated in 11 parks, each of which has prepared its own festive programs, which can be found on the website of the capital's mayor's office, choosing an event to your liking.

A special holiday program was prepared by Gorky Park, Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill, Sokolniki, Kuzminki and other metropolitan recreational areas. Visitors can expect festivals, historical excursions, fairs, sword competitions, karaoke, Russian folk entertainment, etc.

In St. Petersburg On Palace Square from November 4 to 6, a unique show will be held every evening - the Festival of Light, which this year is dedicated to the centenary of the 1917 revolution.

IN holidays will perform an anniversary show program at the Ice Palace Evgeni Plushenko. At the Aurora cinema there will be a festival films Andrei Tarkovsky, and in Bolshoi Theater dolls (BTK) will take place international festival puppet theaters.

You can find out more about the program of festive events in St. Petersburg.

On November 4, 1612, soldiers of the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky stormed Kitay-Gorod, freeing Moscow from Polish invaders and demonstrating an example of heroism and unity of the entire people, regardless of origin, religion and position in society.

Reality

On December 24, 2004, a draft amendment to Labor Code RF on the introduction of a new holiday on November 4 was adopted in the third reading. 327 deputies voted “for”, 104 deputies, i.e. all communists voted “no” and two abstained. Of course, overcoming the Time of Troubles spoke of a certain consolidation of the population. However, the logical question is raised: why exactly November 4, this particular day was chosen for the new holiday?

The Time of Troubles is usually called the historical era, which chronologically lasted from the death of the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty - Fyodor Ioannovich (1598) and until the election of the first sovereign from the Romanov dynasty - Mikhail Fedorovich (1613). At its core, this era was a period of economic, domestic and foreign policy, dynastic and social crises. Among modern scientists there is an opinion that the Troubles are a distant result of politics. The turmoil was manifested in unrest in the minds, as well as in the involvement of its northern and western neighbor (the Kingdom of Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the politics of the Moscow state. I would like to immediately make a reservation that all dates are somewhat arbitrary. It is clear that at the wedding of Mikhail Fedorovich the crisis was not completely overcome: in the south the movement of Ivan Zarutsky was still making itself felt (until 1614), the Peace of Stolbovsky was concluded with the Swedish kingdom only in 1617, and a peace treaty with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was concluded later year - in 1618 (Deulin agreements).

The Time of Troubles has attracted the attention of many scientists. Some limited themselves to retelling events with some understanding. For example, S.F. Platonov, in his monograph “Time of Troubles,” tries to build his own structure of this era: he divides the Time of Troubles into three periods: The first period is the dynastic Troubles, the second period is the social struggle, the third period is the struggle for nationality. It should also be noted that social changes also appeared during the Time of Troubles. So, for example, the Cossacks made a strong statement about themselves. This trend is very clearly traced in his monograph by A.S. Stanislavsky “Civil War in Russia in the 17th century: Cossacks at the turning point of history.” It shows that even though the term “Polish-Lithuanian intervention” was officially used, the number of Poles themselves was minimal. The basis of any movement, its social composition most of all were Cossacks and peasants.

The Troubles are a very difficult era. It was generated and began with the phenomenon of “imposture,” which was caused by dynastic turmoil. Paradoxically, the people themselves were able to complete the intervention and external sides troubles. Boris Godunov was able to improve relations with the nobles and establish diplomatic relations, but two facts ruined him: the crop failures of 1601-1603. and the phenomenon of Imposture (the appearance of False Dmitry). False Dmitry Ι, a talented adventurer, could not find social support, flirting either with the Poles who arrived with Mniszek’s motorcade), then with the old aristocracy, or with ordinary Moscow people. His reign lasted a year and was ended by the Moscow Uprising. Somewhat later, there was a short period of dual reign, when Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky ruled in Moscow, and False Dmitry ΙΙ, who unsuccessfully tried to take Moscow, ruled in Tushino. It was then that he was nicknamed the Tushino thief. It was a very interesting period when each of the rulers had their own boyar duma, and even their own patriarchs. Hermogenes - from Vasily Shuisky, and Filaret - from False Dmitry ΙΙ. This time was followed by the reign of the Seven Boyars, a short period in the history of our country when the form of government was somewhat similar to the republican...

As shown above, in small review, no government in its essence was able to solve the problems, the objective problems that arose over the state during this period. Only the people could achieve some kind of shift. The people, gathered in the militia, tried to make their contribution to this fight. The first militia was able to reach and besiege Moscow, but due to infighting within the leadership of the militia (Ivan Zarutsky, Prokopiy Lyapunov, Dmitry Trubetskoy), it was crushed. The second militia, convened in Nizhny Novgorod, had a much greater influence on the course of political events associated with the Time of Troubles. It was organized by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin, and established control over most of the territory of the Russian state.

This militia was able to, by defeating Khodkiewicz’s reinforcements going to Moscow to help the Poles, seal the fate of the interventionists. However, there is an interesting point here. It is well known that at that time the Julian calendar was in use in Rus', and according to the old style Kitay-Gorod was taken on October 22. According to the new style, that is, according to the Gregorian calendar, date is moved to November 1.

It seems interesting how the contemporaries of these events themselves reacted to the capture of Kitai-Gorod, the second most important fortifications of the Russian capital. As V. Nazarov notes in the “New Chronicler” (he was written in the entourage of Patriarch Filaret), the story about the capture of Kitay-Gorod takes only one line. For comparison: the description of the battle with Khodkevich is set out on line 71, and the surrender and entry into the Kremlin is on line 17. Abraham Palitsyn has the same proportions in his “Tale of Troubles.” The author of “The Tale of the Victories of the Moscow State” does not talk at all about the capture of the city of China.

On October 26 (November 5, new style), the command of the besieged garrison signed a surrender of the city. Of course, it was the liberation of the Kremlin that became a landmark event, because the residence of the Russian tsars was located there, the Duma met there, etc. However, it is worth mentioning that the Troubles did not end there either.

Sources and literature

Platonov S.F. Time of Troubles. Essay on the history of internal crisis and social struggle in the Moscow state of the 16th-17th centuries. M., 2007.