Target: development of interest in speech therapy classes and cultivation of motivation to learn, development of phonemic perception, mobility of the articulatory apparatus, development of memory and attention.

Visual aids: an image of a boy, articulation gymnastics cards, an image of a fairytale palace, an image of a gnome and a queen of magic speech.

During the classes

1. Organizing time.

Hello guys! We sit down in our seats, saying one polite word at a time (hello, thank you, etc.). Well done!

2. Work on a fairy tale.

Today, children, I will tell you a fairy tale. Listen carefully:

Once upon a time there was a boy Vanya Arbuzov. He lived in the city of Moscow. He was 5 years old. The boy was special because he spoke very poorly and could not pronounce very many sounds.

Picture 1

One day, my mother took Vanya to the speech therapist at Progymnasium No. 1661. But there Vanya made a scandal and said that he would never study, because he already speaks very well. Mom brought Vanya home and told him to sit in his room and think about his bad behavior. But Vanya had no intention of thinking! He took the toys and started playing. But soon Vanya got tired of playing, the boy closed his eyes... and suddenly he found himself in front of the gates of a beautiful castle.

figure 2

On the gate was written: “Knock 3 times and say [smoke-dam-dom, com-dom-gnome, rak-mak-dak] quickly and clearly!” (Guys, try repeating these words too. Well done!) Vanya also said the words and knocked 3 times, but nothing happened. I repeated it again, but the gate did not open! Then Vanya cried loudly out of resentment. Suddenly... a beautiful sorceress appeared in front of the boy (Vanya recognized her, because she had a magic wand in her hands).

figure 3

Hello! - Vanya said.
- Good afternoon! Vanya Arbuzov!
- How do you know my name?
- I know everything about children 5-6 years old.
- Tell me, please, is it possible to get into this beautiful castle? After all, this is your castle?
- Yes, this is the castle of Magic Speech. And I am the Queen. Children enter the castle if they can complete the task written on the gate. Have you completed it?
- No, I didn’t succeed! – and the boy cried bitterly.
- And also children who can get into the castle want learn to speak well! And this is important! Do you want it?
- Yes! I want to study! I will try very hard!
And the sorceress touched the gate with her magic wand. The gates opened, and Vanya found himself inside a beautiful castle.
- The first thing you will see is the room of the Magic Man living in the mirror. He can do everything: speak beautifully and correctly, draw, sing, dance... he can teach you a lot!

figure 4

Vanya entered the mirrored room and immediately saw a little man who sang:
Hello my little friend,
I'm a mirror man!
Today we will study.
All sounds are clear to speak.
And you can learn quickly
If you are friends with gymnastics!
-Are you ready to repeat after me?
- Yes! I'm ready! – Vanya Arbuzov answered.
- Look in the mirror.

Exercise “Smile”

• Stretch your lips into a smile
• Hold it for a count of 10.
• Repeat this exercise 5 times.

Exercise “Brush your teeth”

• Smile
• Show teeth
• Open your mouth slightly
• Using the tip of your tongue, alternately “clean” the lower and upper teeth.

Exercise "Swing"

• Smile, open your mouth slightly
• Show teeth
• Place the tip of your tongue on your upper teeth
• Place the tip of your tongue on your lower teeth
• Alternately change position 10 times.

Exercise "Horse"

• Pull out lips
• Open your mouth slightly
• Click your “narrow” tongue (like horses click)

Good job, well done! This is how you need to practice at home every day, looking in the mirror. If you fulfill this condition, then after a while you will find yourself in the second castle of Magic Speech! Will you be studying?
- Necessarily!
- I give you this beautiful mirror for your efforts. It will help you when performing tongue gymnastics. Goodbye my boy!

Vanya woke up and saw that he was in his room. He approached his mother and said:
- Sorry mommy. I behaved badly. Let's work with a speech therapist. I want to get to the second castle of the Queen of Magic Speech.
- Where? – Mom asked in surprise.
- I wanted to say... that I want to learn how to speak beautifully. - And he smiled.
- I'm glad, son!
And Vanya started studying!

3. Work on the content of the fairy tale

• Guys, did you like the fairy tale?
• What was the name of the main character? (Vanya Arbuzov)
• What exercises did Vanya do for the tongue? (“Smile”, “Swing”, “Horse”, “Let’s brush our teeth”)
• Let's do these exercises while looking in the mirror.
• Fine!

4. Summing up

• Do you want to work with a speech therapist and learn to speak well?
• Well done!

Relevance of the topic. Possibilities of fairy tales. What problems are solved when using fairy tales in the system of speech therapy classes. The text of G. Yudin's fairy tales, which can be used in literacy classes to highlight a given sound from the text.

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Using fairy tales to speech therapy classes.

At the present stage, one of the pressing issues of pedagogy is the search for new forms and methods of teaching and raising children. Along with searching modern models training and education, it is necessary to revive the best examples of folk pedagogy. The fairy tale, as a treasury of the Russian people, finds its application in various areas of work with children preschool age with speech disorders.

The possibilities of fairy tales are enormous:

When telling a fairy tale, an adult has the opportunity to offer the child tasks related to the plot of the fairy tale, first simple and then more complex; These tasks are aimed at developing speech, thinking, attention, and spatial orientation. A child’s motivation to perform “fairytale” tasks is much higher than to perform unrehearsed exercises;

Subjects folk tales are simple and lifelike, the texts contain a lot of repetitions and stable phrases - all this greatly facilitates the understanding of the text by those children who are inattentive when reading original books due to the underdevelopment of the ability to perceive a coherent text;

If a child hears a new word for the first time in the text of a fairy tale that is understandable to him, this contributes to better assimilation of the new word, since it is in the text that the meaning of the word and its possible connections with other words are more fully reflected. Detailed instructions for tasks that play out the actions of characters and plot lines of a fairy tale are also easier to understand in connection with the text of the fairy tale, even if in everyday life it is difficult for a child to complete a task following multi-step instructions.

A fairy tale in the system of speech therapy classes solves the following problems:

• The communicative orientation of each word and statement of the child in the lesson.
• Improving the lexical and grammatical means of the language.
• Improving the sound side of speech in the areas of pronunciation, perception and expressiveness.
• Development of dialogic and monologue speech.
• The effectiveness of play motivation in children's speech.
• The relationship between the visual, auditory and motor analyzers.
• Cooperation between a speech therapist and children and with each other.
• Creating a favorable psychological atmosphere during the lesson, enriching the child’s emotional and sensory sphere (the ability to empathize with the heroes of a fairy tale, the ability to convey the emotional state of the hero of a fairy tale, the development of facial expressions, pantomime, general motor skills).
• Introducing children to the past and present of Russian culture and folklore.

By acting out the plots of their favorite fairy tales, the child will learn to distinguish and correctly pronounce speech sounds, do entertaining gymnastics for the lips and tongue, write sentences, and gain basic reading skills.

Speech therapy classes- the main form of correctional education, promoting the gradual development of all components of speech and preparation for

school.

An entertaining form of classes, game techniques, changing types of tasks, and a reward system make it possible to maintain children’s interest over a certain period of time.

The possibilities of a fairy tale, given a creative approach to it, are so great that they make it possible to offer “fairytale” activities to children of the most different ages with different levels of speech and intellectual development.

The main thing is to choose an activity of such a level of complexity that it is feasible, interesting and exciting for children. A system of classes based on Russian folk tales for children of different ages is recommended in the book by O.B. Sizova “Six Steps to Speech Development.”

Lessons based on fairy tales for children 6-7 years old were developed in the book by A.A. Guskova “Development of monologue speech in children 6-7 years old.”

Due to the specific condition mental processes In children with ODD, the development of memory, attention, thinking, and imagination is a mandatory component of speech therapy classes.

For example: for middle-aged children you can use a fairy tale

"Little Red Riding Hood" with game tasks included in it.

To highlight a given sound from a text in literacy classes, G. Yudin’s fairy tales “The Poets”, “The Diver Mouse”, “General Gena”, etc. are used.

You can include “fairytale” tasks in your classes: the child will always be happy to switch to a fairytale mode (for example: children receive a letter from Dunno, help Cockerel, etc.). For some children, it is optimal to present the material in “small portions.”

For the development of coherent speech, imagination, creative thinking

are used didactic games: “Continue the joke with a fairy tale”, “Salad from fairy tales”, “Fairy tale problems”, etc.

During the telling and visual demonstration of a fairy tale well known to the child inindividual speech therapy sessionThe speech therapist offers to help the characters by completing various tasks (kneading dough with grandma,

“run” along the path with Kolobok, outwit the fox, etc.). During classes, an author’s fairy tale can also be used, which the speech therapist comes up with himself and acts out together with the child using pictures or toys.

The child not only watches and listens, but is also an active participant in the fairy tale, completing the tasks suggested by the speech therapist.

For example: a lesson on automating [l] in syllables and words can be conducted based on the fairy tale “Turnip” (see summary).

To develop the pitch and timbre of the voice, you can invite the child to depict how a bear, she-bear, or cub growls in the fairy tale “The Three Bears” or to turn into a hare, a bear, or a fox from the fairy tale “Kolobok” and say: “Kolobok, Gingerbread Man, I’ll eat you!” - in different voices.

Children with ODD have features in the formation fine motor skills hands, manifested primarily in insufficient coordination of the fingers, accuracy and dexterity of movements. Targeted work on the development of fine motor skills of the fingers accelerates the maturation of speech areas and stimulates the development of the child’s speech, allowing for faster correction of defective sound pronunciation. Therefore, a speech therapist should include in his classes exercises aimed at developing fine motor skills. You can use excerpts from Russian folk tales that are well known to children and illustrations for them with unusual tasks. Some images are given in the form of overlapping contours. The child must look at the contour shapes and trace the desired image (for example, a round bun, not a square one) or choose an image of his own to trace (for example, trace his grandfather’s felt boots or bast shoes). This task is extremely useful for all children, since by practicing distinguishing between contour images, they will be less likely to confuse similar letter styles when learning to write.

Small copybooks under illustrations, focused on a fairy tale plot, in contrast to traditional ones, which require greater concentration, will attract children who well remember a fairy tale they have read more than once.

Small exercises on drawing symmetrical figures and patterns with both hands at once will train children in the ability to coordinate their movements.

The main thing is for an adult to remember: a fairy tale for a child is a game, magic. In the game, with a smile, with a joyful attitude towards the world, the results will not keep you waiting.

Fairy tales by G. Yudin:

Remember the words with the sound [a] that you will encounter in G. Yudin’s fairy tale “Why A first?”

WHY THE FIRST?

Standing in the room with scary noise. All the letters came out from the alphabet and argued loudly: Why is A the very first letter of the alphabet?

Down with impostor A! - the vowels shouted letters . - Yes Long live “Abra-Kadabra” (i.e. confusion).

What is this being done, huh? - the hissing ones hissed. - The letter with which they begin sore throat and shark, put the alphabet at the head! Wow sh-things.

“Everything is correct,” the consonant letters thought silently, “it’s not without reason that the most delicious things - watermelon, orange, apricot, pineapple - begin on A.

But the letter Y screamed loudest of all. I don’t understand why the weight is first and not I?!

“And because,” said A, who had been silent until now, “the baby’s very first word begins with A.”

What kind of word is this? - I didn’t stop

“Yeah,” said A, “and besides, I look like an admiral standing on the captain’s bridge.” And everyone knows that the admiral must always be in front!

So! - said a firm sign.

Reading a fairy tale G. Yudina “About a little spider.” (Remember as many words as possible with the sound [y].)

ABOUT THE LITTLE SPIDER

On the shore of the pond in the dill there lived a small, small spider, who was afraid of flies more than anything in the world,

All the beetles, snails, snakes, frogs, ducklings and even the flies themselves laughed at him, and his brothers - the big spiders - scolded him and called him a quitter.

“I need to prove to everyone that I’m not a quitter,” the little spider decided. And one night he picked a large bouquet of red poppies and painted all the cobwebs in the garden with them. “The brothers will be happy in the morning,” thought the satisfied spider, “it’s so beautiful - the red web!”

But alas! The next morning, the evil, despicable big spiders, swearing terribly, washed their webs.

The flies immediately noticed the red nets, and none of them were caught.
And the little spider was so scared that it ran far, far away. And now neither
who doesn't know where he lives

Remember the words with sounds [n, n"] that you will encounter in G. Yudin’s story “Pinocchio’s Nose.”

Pinocchio Nose

On New Year guys in kindergarten they had to dress up as someone. Nikita decided to make himself a long nose and paint his cheeks, as if he were Pinocchio.

Nikita sat down on the floor, cut the paper with scissors, smeared it with glue and rolled it into a tube. I looked, and it wasn’t a nose, but a whole nose.

“I’m tired of making this Pinocchio nose,” Nikita mutters, “I’d rather tie it to my head with threads and be a rhinoceros.”

I started winding the threads. I reeled and reeled in - nothing worked!

Nikita pouted.

I'll stick it directly on my head. I smeared glue on my head and applied my nose. My hair was stuck together and my nose had fallen to one side.

I'm tired of this rhinoceros. It’s better to come after the New Year and say that I was dressed as invisible, that’s why they didn’t see me.

Remember words with sounds [m, m" ], which you will meet in the fairy tale of G, Yudina"Poets".

POETS

The mouse Mouse and the bear cub Misha were lying in the clearing and eating raspberries. Mouse says:

Let's come up with poems. Listen to what I wrote: Every day and every hour

We stubbornly insist:

There's no one in the world

Better than ours...

Raspberries! - Misha yelled.

What does “raspberry” have to do with it! I wanted to say: “Better than our mother.”

That's great too! And now I’ll write... What about?

Well, at least about this fly agaric.

Don't eat white pasta

And eat red fly agarics! ,

What are you, what are you! - the mouse was scared. - You can’t eat fly agarics, you’ll end up in the hospital. Here, listen to the verse about the doctor:

There is no more important doctor in the forest than the lively redhead...

Aibolit!” the bear cub yelled.

Yes, not Aibolit, but an ant - Aibolit heals animals, and the ant heals the forest,

How do you know so much?

He who reads a lot gapes a lot! - Mouse the mouse answered importantly.

Remember the words with the sound [l, l"], which you will encounter in G. Yudin’s fairy tale “The Little Fox and the Little Frog”».

LITTLE FOX AND LITTLE FROG

In the forest, in a large puddle, there lived a little frog who really loved to sculpt from clay. He crawls out of the puddle, picks up some clay and sits there sculpting. At first he only made flat cakes. Then he started making koloboks and lemons. Then he made an elephant and after that- lion on skis and a horse in a boat. The animals looked, laughed and affectionately stroked the frog on the back. Only one little fox (was he jealous, or what?) came, broke everything, and even teased:

The greenest of all is the big-eyed frog!

And this continued until the little fox grew up. One day he came to a puddle, sat down next to the frog, watched for a long time as he sculpted, and said sadly:

I used to sculpt too, but I just couldn’t do it...

Nothing! - said the frog. - Don't be upset! But you dig the most cunning holes.

Reading the fairy tale “Forest Musicians” by G. Yudin. Remember words with the sound [b, b"], which will appear in the fairy tale.

FOREST MUSICIANS

I bought a sheep drum at the market, sat down on a log under a birch tree and began to beat: boom! boom! boom! A badger came up with a button accordion: Can I play with you?

Of course you can! - the ram was happy.

A beaver with a balalaika and a chipmunk with a tambourine arrived in time. Sit down next to each other on a log and let's play who can be louder. There was such a commotion - all the animals came running.

Can't you be quieter?! - the animals ask.

And the musicians started playing even louder. Then a squirrel came out:

If you don't play, we'll give you bagels.

That's how the ram, badger, beaver and chipmunk began to walk through the forests and demand bagels and bagels from everyone.

- If you don’t bring it, they threaten, then we’ll play and it will be worse for you. The musicians lived well. But then one day they came up to the hippopotamus and started playing and yelling.

Well, they think, let’s eat bagels now! And the hippopotamus has a thick fur coat.

Encore, - mutters, - bravo, bravo! Speak up, guys.

The guys were beating and beating and they themselves became deaf. They threw down their tools, and since then there has been silence in the forest...

Remember words with the sound [v, v"] that you will encounter in
fairy tale by G. Yudin “The Mouse is a Diver”.

MOUSE-DIVER

As soon as mom and dad left, Mouse the mouse decided that it was time to become a diver. He poured a full bath of water, plugged his nostrils and ears, tied an iron to his belt so as not to float up, took a long pasta to breathe through, took a deep breath and dived. Having put the pasta out of the water, Mouse walked freely along the bottom, admiring his invention. “Well, it’s time to float up,” the mouse finally decided and tried to push off from the bottom, but the iron was so heavy that he couldn’t float up. He tried to untie it, but the rope swelled and would not untie. ,

"What to do?" - the “diver” thought in despair and suddenly saw a plug in the bottom of the bathtub. Somehow Mouse pulled it out, and the water noisily rushed out of the bathtub, catching the poor “diver” in a whirlpool and instantly sucking him into the hole.

And so, putting out the pasta, half sucked into the hole, the Mouse sat under the water until the evening, until Mom and Dad came. They quickly poured out all the water in buckets, took out the “diver,” and then sat in the kitchen and drank valerian from the teapot.

Reading the fairy tale by G. Yudin “The Greedy Toad”. Remember the words with the sound [zh] that you will encounter in the fairy tale by G. Yudin “The Greedy Toad”.

GREEDY TOAD

Once upon a time there lived an important Beetle, a cautious Already and a greedy Toad. One day an important Beetle says to Uzhu: We should paint the roof.

You can paint it, says the cautious Already. - Just what kind of paint? “Yellow,” said the Beetle importantly. But we don't have yellow paint. -Well, then orange! And no orange either.

Let's go ask the greedy Toad, she has a whole barrel of orange paint. And the greedy Toad was eating jam from the jug.

She saw that the Beetle and the Already were coming towards her, she quickly hid the jam and sat there waiting.

Hello, Toad! Can you give us some orange paint to paint the roof?

I'm not giving it! - Toad answers. - It’s a pity for the paint.

The Beetle and the Already left with nothing, and the Toad began to eat the jam again. Then the Bumblebee flew in and buzzed:

Give me a little bit of jam, J-toad.

I don't have any jam!

Oh, you greedy person! - the Bumblebee got angry and stung the Toad. Frightened toad - jump into a barrel with orange paint! She came out all orange and was crying orange tears:

Have pity on me, unfortunate one! But no one felt sorry for the greedy orange Toad.

Reading the fairy tale “The Flightless Umbrella” by G. Yudin. Remember the words with the sound [z, z"] that you come across.

FLYING UMBRELLA

A hare was walking in the forest and found an umbrella. Suddenly he sees a wolf looking at him right from the thicket with angry, contemptuous eyes.

“3-z-trap,” the hare shook, “it’s too late to run away.” If I stand on a stump under an umbrella, maybe the wolf will mistake me for a mushroom.

So I did. He stands on a stump under an umbrella, his eyes closed, his teeth chattering in fear, but he himself does not move. And the wolf slowly approaches from behind...

And then, fortunately for the hare, a strong wind blew!

He picked up the umbrella along with the hare and raised it high into the sky.

A hare flies over the forest, laughs, howls, and the wolf below runs along the ground, clicks its teeth, gasps.

Come on, come on! Press! - the hare screams. - I need to do exercises - I wish I could run faster!

The wolf spat. He sees that he cannot catch up with the hare.

He ran to the store, bought an umbrella from the goat, stood on a stump and waited for him to take off like a hare.

I stood there until sunset. I was terribly angry! - Oh, goat! - growls. - I sold the flightless umbrella! And he tore the entire umbrella with his teeth.

Bibliography:

1.Kabachkova Zh.V. Fairy tale as a means of speech development and education of children. // Speech therapist No. 6, 2009 p. 64 - 71

2. Fesyukova L.B. Education with a fairy tale: for working with preschool children. - Kharkov, 1997

Speech therapy fairy tales-helpers in correctional education children

It is known that children enjoy listening to fairy tales. They feel sad and happy along with their characters, follow the plot with interest, and react emotionally to unexpected turns in the characters’ relationships. The possibilities of speech therapy fairy tales, provided there is a creative approach to them, are so great that they make it possible to offer classes to children of all ages with different levels of speech and intellectual development.

Speech therapy is a fairy tale whose text is maximally saturated with certain identical (unpronounceable) sounds or the need to make the desired training movements with the speech organs.

Speech therapy fairy tales help in working with children who have difficulties in speech development. They facilitate the solution of such problems as the formation of correct sound pronunciation, improvement of diction, development of phonemic perception and coherent speech, enrichment of the dictionary, prevention of specific errors in writing, development of attention, memory, and imagination. Speech therapists’ materials are a strong correctional tool for any child; there is a positive impact on the personality as a whole.

Speech therapy tales can be used quite widely: for speech therapists - at the stage of automation and differentiation of sounds, for teachers primary school– in reading and speech development lessons; for parents - for homework with children attending speech therapy classes.

Each fairy tale is aimed at practicing a specific sound or group of sounds. It is advisable to accompany reading fairy tales, talking about their content and completing tasks with a finger theater or blank characters (it is better if the children make the toys themselves). Fairy tales should be small in volume and simple in content so that the child does not have difficulty understanding their content and retelling it.

When reading a fairy tale, you can invite children (clap, raise a card) to designate the named sound, this contributes to the development of differentiation of sounds by ear, as well as to carry out sound analysis and synthesis of words.

A lesson using a speech therapy fairy tale follows approximately the following scheme:

Characters for the fairy tale are prepared (in the form of pictures, figures);

An adult reads a fairy tale;

In the process of reading it, the child lays out the so-called model - selects characters, lays them out on the table in the desired order and consistency;

The adult talks with the child according to the content of the fairy tale in the form of questions and answers;

An adult, with the help of blank characters, models situations from a fairy tale, and the child retells them;

Then all the blank characters are laid out again, and the child retells the entire fairy tale;

It is advisable to offer additional tasks to elementary school children when working with them individually (in subgroup classes - only on the condition that each child has his own copy of the fairy tale text and tasks for it).

With the help of such fairy tales, the child not only trains to pronounce individual sounds, but also learns coherent speech using them. The child develops a spontaneous vocabulary. In addition, at the same time, of course, the imagination develops and the intonational imagery of speech is formed. The child develops a feeling of psychological comfort and safety.

BEST FRIEND

Cheburashka has not visited Crocodile Gena for a very long time. He was often bored, because Gena the Crocodile was his best friend. Cheburashka looked at his watch. They showed a quarter past four. He rushed out of the house and ran into Turtle Cap on the porch.

Where are you in such a hurry? - Turtle asked him.

I rushed to Crocodile Gena.

Can I go with you? - Turtle asked him.

Cheburashka quickly picked up Chepa. Chepa kissed Cheburashka on the cheek as a sign of gratitude, and they hurried to Gena the Crocodile.

Crocodile Gena was glad to have guests. He gave them tea with blueberry jam.

Tasks and questions:

Name the words from the fairy tale with the sound “H”. Say them, emphasizing the “Ch” sound with your voice.

Name a word with two “Ch” sounds. Remember the words with the sound “ch” at the beginning, middle, and end of the word.

Ask Cheburashka to take you with him so that he doesn’t refuse you.

Act out the scene “Away.”

Who was best friend Cheburashki.

Why was Cheburashka bored?

What time did the clock show?

Who did Cheburashka encounter on the porch?

What did the Turtle ask Cheburashka?

How did Crocodile Gena greet the guests?

What kind of jam did Crocodile Gena treat his guests to?

Do you like to receive guests? Do you like to visit?

What would you like to treat your guests to?

What can you do while visiting?

How should you not behave when visiting?

Additional tasks:

With a pencil, circle and underline the letters “h” in the text of the fairy tale.

Lay out TSHNA from sticks. “Make” the word “GENA” by changing the position of one stick and unfolding one of the letters.

Lay out NAI from sticks. “Make” the word “TEA” by changing the position of one stick.

Lay out the word GIFT from the sticks, read it from right to left. What did you get?

The book contains fairy tales written and selected that carry a certain lexical or grammatical load. Usage in various ways enriching your vocabulary, observing the laws of word formation and inflection will help make developing communication with your child joyful and interesting. Speech therapists and educators preschool institutions can use the material from the book to conduct correctional classes.

Preface

This book was compiled by speech therapists of preschool educational institution 126 of the combined type of the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg G. A. Bystrova, E. A. Sizova, T. A. Shuiskaya.
Addressed to parents of preschool children, teachers and speech therapists of preschool institutions.
The book contains fairy tales written and selected that carry a certain lexical or grammatical load. Using various ways to enrich your vocabulary, observing the laws of word formation and inflection will help make developing communication with your child joyful and interesting. Speech therapists and preschool teachers can use the book’s material to conduct correctional classes.

Shustrik at grandma's

Pets

Little Shustrik is five years old. One day Mom said to Shustrik: “Tomorrow we will go to grandma.”
Shustrik did not sleep all night, wondering who his grandmother had.
We arrived early in the morning. We approached grandma’s house and saw that the gates were open. And out of the gate comes “a haystack, a pitchfork in front, a broom in the back” and bellows: “MUUU, milk for anyone?”
Shustrik guessed it and shouted: “Mom, it’s a cow!”
Shustrik entered the yard, and in the yard “with a beard, not an old man, with horns, not a bull, with fluff, not a bird,” and with him “a beard and horns are running along the path.” Who do you think it could be?
Yes, a goat with kids. Shustrik got scared of the formidable goat and hid behind his mother. And the goat bleated: “BE-E-E, don’t be afraid of me.”
Shustrik sees a barn standing in the yard, and there is someone slurping and grunting.
“The stigma is like a cake, there are horns with hooves, a thick belly, a tail like shavings,” and nestled next to it are “dirty little guys in a bristly shirt, a tail like pretzels, a nose like a snout.”
“This is a pig with piglets,” Shustrik’s mother explains.
Shustrik walked around the barn and saw a perch, and on the perch “a tail with patterns, boots with spurs” and shouted: “KU-KA-RE-KU, I’m not an alarm clock, but I wake you up.” I’m not an artist, but a vocalist, I sing at night, count the time, collect chickens.” “Mom, mom, here’s a cockerel, a golden comb,” Shustrik was delighted and did not notice how someone was pinching his heels and cackling, and he was wearing “white clothes, and red boots on his feet” and with him “without a command” They get up in formation and go to the pond. Who walks in a long chain, who loves discipline so much?”
"Oh, I'm scared"! - Shustrik shouted.
“Don’t be afraid,” said mom. This is a goose with a goose and goslings.”
“Let's get out of here!” - Shustrik exclaimed.
And here is the grandmother standing on the porch, and next to her “he arched his back and meowed. Who it?" This is the cat Vaska purring, saying: “MURR-MURR-MURR, go into the house.” Only Shustrik wanted to run up to his grandmother, and on the porch “a living castle grumbled, lay down across the door” and growls: “I won’t let a stranger into the house, I I’m friends with the owner and look after the house.”
“Sharik, Sharik,” Shustrik called.
And Grandma says to Sharik: “Meet Shustrik, make friends with him.”
Shustrik really liked it at his grandmother's.

E. Sizova.

About dishes

Word formation

The sugar bowl once reasoned:
- Here I am - created for sugar. That’s why I’m called the SUGAR BOWL. A SALTS shaker is for salt, a SALAD BOWL is for salad, a BREAD BOWL is for bread, a TURNE BOWL is, of course, for soups, and a SAUCE BOWL is for various sauces.
“Yes, yes,” the OIL CAN picked up, “I am needed for the butter, and my friend the HERRING woman is needed for the herring.” But tell me, how to explain the words DISHES and COOK? There are such words, but I don’t know such food!
“At least you call me TEAPOT,” responded TEAPOT, “not only do I know everything about tea and I sing tea to you all.” The word DISHES seems to ask: “PUT SUUDA!” DISHES!" And with a COOK it’s even easier. She is the main assistant to the cook: together with the cook, she can try any dish and persuades the cook: COOK, EAT!

T. Shuiskaya

Baba Yaga

Antonyms

Once upon a time there lived a grandfather and a woman, they had a daughter. My grandfather was widowed and married another wife. My daughter had a GOOD mother, but she became an EVIL stepmother. Once the father went somewhere, and the stepmother said to the girl:
- Go to your aunt, my sister, ask her for a needle and thread - to sew you a shirt.
And this aunt was Baba Yaga, a bone leg.
The girl was not STUPID, but SMART, and first went to see her own aunt. My dear aunt lived CLOSE, but Baba Yaga lived FAR AWAY. Her own aunt taught her how to act and avoid trouble.
The girl went. Whether you walked a LONG road or a SHORT one, you came to a hut, and Baba Yaga was sitting in it and weaving.
- Hello, auntie!
- Hello, darling!
“My mother sent me to ask you for a needle and thread to sew me a shirt.”
- Okay, sit down and weave.
The girl sat down to weave: Baba Yaga weaved THICK fabric, and the girl weaved THIN fabric.
And Baba Yaga punishes the worker:
- Go, heat the bathhouse and wash your niece, and give her a good bath: I want to have breakfast with her.
And the girl hears everything! Baba Yaga walked away from the door, and the girl took it and ran away. The cat is sitting at the gate, guarding the girl. The girl gave the cat some ham and he released her. Baba Yaga is missing - no girl! She began to scold the cat, and the cat answered her:
- As long as I’ve served you, you haven’t given me a BAD bone, but the girl has fed me a GOOD ham.
Baba Yaga began to scold and beat her other workers. The dogs tell her:
“We serve you for as long as we can, but you only threw us HARD crusts, but the girl gave us SOFT bread.”
Gate says:
- We serve you for so long, but you spared us butter, gave us LITTLE, but the girl poured a LOT of butter under our heels. Birch says:
- I’ve been serving you for as long as I’ve been serving you, and you’ve doused me with HOT water, while the girl poured COLD spring water on me.
The worker says:
- As long as I serve you, you didn’t give me a SMALL rag, but the girl BIG scarf gave it as a gift.
Baba Yaga sat down in the mortar and gave chase.
The girl bowed her ear to the ground and heard that Baba Yaga was close, she took and threw the towel: the towel was NARROW - the river flooded WIDE.
Baba Yaga creaked with anger, returned home, took her bulls and drove them to the river. The bulls drank the entire river, and Baba Yaga set off in pursuit again.
The girl bent her ear to the ground and heard that Baba Yaga was close, took out the comb and threw it behind her. The comb was RARE - the forest was DENSE: the bushes were LOW and the trees were HIGH. Baba Yaga began to gnaw the forest, broke her teeth, and returned home with nothing.
The girl ran home, told everything as it was, and told her father. He got angry with his wife, drove her away from the yard, and he and his daughter began to live well and make good money.

Based on the fairy tale by A. Afanasyev.

Why don’t all birds fly south, or
why is a crow called a crow

Once upon a time, a long time ago, all the birds were friendly big family lived. Along with spring, they appeared in our area, frolicked and chirped, by summer they hatched chicks, and in the fall, with the approach of cold weather, they gathered into one large flock) and flew south, to warmer regions.
Only one big gray bird was always dissatisfied with everything: this is not right for her, and this is not that way. If she screams, she will caw, make noise, and at the same time she will perform a mischief. Somehow a gray robber started up in the fall:
- I won’t fly anywhere! Should we birds be afraid of some kind of winter?! We are dressed no matter what: the plumage is rich and warm, and underneath there is still soft fluff - we won’t freeze! As for food, let’s feed ourselves: there are so many good people leaving near the houses, and there are plenty of berries on the bushes and trees! Why fly somewhere and torture yourself with flights?!
And how it happened: some birds began to listen to Gray, gathered around her, as if in a theater, opened their beaks in surprise, and did not notice anything around them. Meanwhile, the last flock flew away to warmer climes, winter came. There is nothing to do, we need to adapt, prepare for the first winter. One Gray grumbles:
- Stupid birds, it’s all your fault, because of you I missed the time to fly! Eh, I missed it, but if I hadn’t missed it, I’d be basking in the sun right now!
The birds got angry:
- Look, you're so smart! You have confused us, and you blame us for everything! “Missed it, missed it”... CROW! We won't hang out with you anymore!
And so it has been since those ancient times: CROW received its name, and the birds that listened to it then, although they remain, like a crow, to spend the winter, do not make friends with it.
Who gave the crow a name? Who stayed for the winter? Remember quickly, and if you can, draw it.

T. Shuiskaya

Animal dispute

Benefits of pets

A cow, a horse and a dog argued among themselves which of them the owner loved more.
“Of course, me,” says the horse. “I carry him a plow and a harrow, I carry firewood from the forest.” He himself rides me to town: he would be completely lost without me.”
“No, the owner loves me more,” says the cow. “I feed his whole family milk.”
“No, me,” the dog grumbles, “I’m guarding his house.”
The owner listened to this argument and said:
- “Stop arguing in vain. I need all of you, and each of you is good in his place.”

K. D. Ushinsky.

How to find a track

Trees in the forest

The guys went to visit their grandfather the forester and got lost. They look - Squirrel is jumping over them.
From tree to tree. Guys - go to her.
- Belka, Belka, tell me, Belka, Belka, show me, How to find the path
To grandpa's lodge?
“Very simple,” Belka answers. - Jump from this TREE tree over there, from that one to the crooked BEREZKA. From the BEREZKA curve you can see a large OAK tree. The roof is visible from the top of the OAK. This is the gatehouse. Well, what about you? Jump!
“Thank you, Belka,” the guys say. - Only we don’t know how to jump on trees.
Draw how the SQUIRREL jumped to grandpa's lodge.

V. Berestov.

Wonderful stream

Word formation

A small stream originated from forest springs. Clean and cold, cheerful and young, he ran through the forest. He lingered near the birch tree - a boletus grew up under the birch tree, turned towards the aspen tree - the boletus grew red under the aspen tree. A stream ran through the forest - and strong boletus mushrooms appeared in the forest, splashed water on the moss - and the moss was decorated with boletus mushrooms. A stream jumped out to the spruce forest - the little waves there began to stir:
- Don’t rush, little stream, give me some more water for the fungus!
But where can he - he can’t hear the stream! He rolled off the hummock, went around a large stone, rolled down the hill and... dissolved in the waters of the forest stream.
T. Shuiskaya
CABBAGE LEAF
Pets. Onomatopoeia
Managing the Accusative and Dative Cases
A CALF was nibbling the grass near the fence. A COCKER came up to him and began looking for grains in the grass nearby. Suddenly he sees a cabbage leaf.
- KO! - the COCK was surprised and pecked him.
He didn't like the cabbage leaf. He decided to offer the CALF a try and said to him:
- KO!
But the CALF did not understand what was the matter, and asked: - MU-U?
“KO,” says the COCKER and again points with his beak at the cabbage leaf.
- MU-U? - the CALF does not understand. So they stand next to the cabbage leaf
talking:
- KO! MOOO! TO WHOM? The GOAT heard this and started bleating:
- ME-EE! ME-EE!

L. Yakhtsh

Gorgeous

Animals of Africa

This is a hippopotamus. Only not he, but she - the hippopotamus. Her name is Beauty. It was brought from Africa.
Hippos live in the river there. They eat grass along the banks and dive in warm water.
The hippopotamus has a huge mouth. It will open like a suitcase. The teeth stick out in the mouth like stakes. For another animal, these teeth might look like horns. The weight of a hippopotamus is one hundred pounds. What a colossus! And the boss in the zoological garden is a thin old man.
The hippopotamus feels bad in winter; it loves heat and warm water. The old man heats water for his pool.
Only at night he doesn’t let the hippopotamus into the pool so that he doesn’t catch a cold.
The hippopotamus, if it wanted, would go through the fence - but it doesn’t dare: the old man doesn’t order it. The hippopotamus looks longingly at the water, puts its head on the fence, and the boards crack. And the old man shouts:
- Go to the corner, go to the corner!
And the hippopotamus backs away, only looking at its owner with an offended eye.

B. Zhitkov.

Long and short

Antonyms

LIVED two friends. One was called LONG, and the other was SHORT.
LONG had LONG legs, Long arms. He wore LONG pants LONG shirt. LONG had a LONG stick in his hands.
And the SHORT one had SHORT legs and SHORT arms. He wore SHORT pants and a SHORT shirt. In the hands of SHORT SOMEONE there was a SHORT stick.
LONG and SHORT were completely different, but they loved each other very much and never quarreled. Draw LONG and SHORT.

Donkey

Onomatopoeia

They tied a DONKEY in a burdock. Burdock is the most delicious food for a DONKEY. He ate all the burdocks around him, but he couldn’t reach the tastiest ones - the rope was too short. How the DONKEY yells: - A-A! Eeyore! Eeyore!
The voice is nasty, loud. You can hear it five kilometers away. Go quickly, master, bandage the DONKEY to another place. For the uneaten.

E. Charushin.

Dandelions

Comparison

Dandelion does not look like the sun with golden rays. And next to it is a white fluffy ball.
Tanya blew on the ball. The fluff flew. That's why it's called dandelion.
Tanyusha came home with a golden wreath on her head.
In the evening the girl fell asleep. And the dandelions closed their flowers until the morning.
Draw a dandelion. What is dandelion compared to?

According to Sokolov-Mikitov.

Flowers

Adjective-noun agreement

I came out of the forest into the meadow and was surprised. How many flowers! They look like a festive round dance.
Daisies are whitening across the green meadow, dandelions are turning yellow, and peas are turning blue.
And above all, and most cheerfully, are the purple bells. They sway and bow in the summer breeze. They are the ones who greet me joyfully. These lovely flowers of our meadows bloom all summer.

According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.

Lilies of the valley

Flowers

A flower hid in the shade of the trees. There is a tall stalk between two leaves. There are several white bells on it. This is lily of the valley. We love lily of the valley for its beauty and delicate scent.
Lily of the valley fruits ripen in autumn. These are large red berries. They are poisonous. Medicine is made from lilies of the valley.

According to Yu. Dmitriev.

The pranks of the old woman-winter

Cognates

Winter is angry. I decided to freeze everyone. Winter blew in with cold, scattering the leaves.
The birds had nowhere to go and flew over the mountains. Beyond the seas, where there is no evil winter. Others hid in the cracks. Winter didn't freeze them.
She attacked the animals angrily. She dusted the ground. Orders the frosts to freeze the animals. The animals are huddled in their winter hut.
The evil winter has not forgotten the fish. Frozen rivers and lakes. But I didn’t freeze the fish; they’re not cold under the ice.
Winter has fallen on people. The frosts covered the windows with patterns. And people flooded the stoves. They are preparing firewood. They are transported on carts and praised by the frosts. Children are not afraid of winter either. They are running around in the yard. Winter will viciously grab someone's ear or nose. And he will rub it and his face will heat up.
Winter cried. Winter tears began to fall. This means the end of winter is near.

According to K. Ushinsky.

What to name a hare

Animals and their babies

A Bunny was born. The mother wondered what to call him. I wanted to call it TIGER.
The KITTENS found out the name of the BUNNY and didn’t want to play. The KIDS found out what Bunny's name was and didn't want to play. Bunny cried. He told his mother that the KIDS immediately run away from him. Then his mother called him WOLF. BUNNY went for a walk and saw CALVES. I wanted to play with them.
- "What is your name?" - they ask him a question.
“My name is WOLF,” says ZAINKA.
THE CALVES began to butt Bunny.
- “Gotcha, evil WOLF!” - the CALVES shouted.
Bunny came home, licking his padded sides. The CALVES beat him up. The mother thought and called the Bunny a HARE.
Bunny went to play. The animals learned that his name was HARE and accepted him into the game. Both the Bunny and the animals really liked this name. So it was assigned to him.