The doll is the most popular toy for girls since ancient times. The first dolls appeared in Egypt. In those days, the doll was not only a toy for children, but also a kind of magical object participating in rituals. For wealthy people, dolls were made by craftsmen and were real works of art, passed down from generation to generation.

In general, the attitude towards the doll was reverent among many peoples. Our ancestors believed that a doll is an image of a person, has an individual spirit and energy. In terms of the level of performance and complexity, the dolls were different, made of clay, fabric, straw. A toy made by the hands of a mother or grandmother was often a talisman for the child to whom it was presented. It was a unique thing with which the child identified himself, developed his personal qualities, organized role-playing games.

Modern trends in the production of dolls in the domestic market

Currently, in the toy production segment, the doll occupies about 20%, which indicates its popularity. On the Russian doll market the leading place among manufacturers is occupied by China (70%), Europe (20%), Russia (10%). Despite the fact that Russia ranks third, we can say that domestic doll manufacturers are confidently moving forward and are worthy of competition with imported ones. Recently, confidence in domestic doll manufacturers has been growing. Parents thoughtfully approach the choice and purchase of toys, and the dolls of Russian toy factories are made of high-quality materials on modern equipment... Raw materials, like the final product, are certified and comply with sanitary and hygienic standards. Thus, toys of domestic production, in addition to the developmental function, are of high quality and safe.

Another important point in favor of the Russian manufacturer: images of dolls are developed by domestic designers. In addition to the entertainment function, such a doll corresponds to the moral and cultural values ​​of the country, which is important in the upbringing of a girl.

The most popular Russian doll manufacturers are:

toy factories "Spring", "Star", "Ogonyok". In total, there are over 50 enterprises producing toys in Russia.

• In 2014. the factory of children's toys "Vesna" has released a novelty, a talking doll Arina with an Android application. The doll speaks to the child with phrases that are suitable for a certain time of the day. This model is unique in that it has the ability to download and play files, it can work both autonomously and from a mobile phone or tablet. Thanks to the 2 GB RAM, Arina can tell fairy tales, sing, or send a message from relatives and friends. The doll is beautiful in appearance, resistant to stress, approved by pediatricians and psychologists. This novelty is revolutionary in the domestic production of dolls.
• Toy Factory "Zvezda" is famous for a series of dolls in costumes of heroes of fairy tales
• both Russian and European, under the name "Wonderland". In 1997, the factory produced an analogue of the popular Barbie doll. For this doll, a system of hinges has been developed and patented to copy the movements of a person. Compared to imported counterparts, the doll is more affordable and not inferior in quality.
• The Ogonyok children's toy factory is known for its doll toys that look like real babies. Dolls have movable arms and legs, opening - closing eyes, eyelashes. They know how to cry, laugh, speak individual phrases. The doll comes with off-season clothing sets. Girls love to play with "kids", take them for walks, take care of "children" with pleasure.

So, at present the Russian market presents a wide range of dolls. This type of toy has great importance in the development of the child, therefore, her choice should be taken with full responsibility. This concerns the quality of the materials from which the toy is made, which are responsible for the safety of the child, as well as the aesthetic image of the doll.

Factory "Vesna" - at that time still the artel "Toy" - appeared in 1942. Since then, the production of toys has never stopped. The factory produces 1,200 types of various children's play products, of which about 500 are dolls. Production shops and sites are located in Kirov and beyond - in Slobodskoye, Lyangasovo and Batashakh. The product is sold through a dealer network in 70 regions of Russia, as well as to the CIS countries. Branches of the company were opened in Orel and Nizhny Novgorod. The Village visited the factory and found out what and how the dolls are made of.

Toy Factory "Spring"

One of the oldest manufacturers of children's toys in Russia

Location: Kirov

The number of employees: 530

Date of foundation: 1942

The process of developing a new model of a doll before it appears on the store shelf takes about nine to ten months. According to the business plan of the factory, there should be about a hundred such new products a year. The production produces about three thousand dolls daily. Models change every day, usually there are 30-50 types.

First, artists, fashion designers and designers develop the image new toy making sketches appearance and accessories. Then the sculptor-shaper makes from plasticine the shape of the future parts of the doll - the head, arms, legs and torso. On their basis, a plaster mold is created, then a wax mold and, finally, a metal galvanized mold. It is she who is used for the next stage of production - rotational molding.

On the rotary section from the dispenser, the galvanic forms are filled with PVC-plastisol (polyvinyl chloride-plastisol) and hermetically sealed. Then the discs, complete with galvanic forms, are placed in a rotary oven, where they are rotated in three parallel planes and simultaneously heated. This procedure does not allow the plastisol to sinter, but evenly distributes it along the walls of the mold. As a result, the substance "gelatinizes" - it turns into a dense solid material. All ovens are computerized, and, depending on the program and product, on average, the galvanized molds are inside from 8 to 16 minutes at a temperature of 140–270 degrees. After that, in order to easily remove semi-finished toys, they are cooled in a special chamber.

Parts of plastic dolls - torso and legs - are made by extrusion blowing. In an extruder - a recycling machine - the plastic melts and falls into the open shape of the doll's torso or legs. After filling, its edges close, and compressed air is supplied inside, which accelerates the molten material along the mold cavity. Extract from the open form ready product and sent to the plastics processing area.

In this area, holes are drilled in the bodies of the dolls so that the doll can be assembled and inserted, if the doll is sounded, a sound device. All the texts spoken by the dolls undergo psychological and pedagogical expertise. The expert concludes that listening will not harm the child and will not cause aggressive actions, but, on the contrary, will develop the necessary skills. Here it is determined at what age the child can play with this doll. In addition, each toy has a certificate of conformity.

Then the products go to the art site. Here the decorators give the blank the look of a doll. First, the hair is sewn onto the toy on a special sewing machine. Before performing this procedure, the heads are heated in special heating drums at a temperature of about 65 degrees: when the plastisol is soft, it is easier to flash it. Italian nylon fiber is used for hair. Straight hair of dolls is sewn directly from bobbins, and for wavy ones they use steamed nylon, which comes from the manufacturer folded in rings.

After that, the designers make the dolls "make-up": they blush the cheeks with an airbrush, paint the eyebrows and lips with a brush. Then the semi-finished product goes to a specialist who inserts the eyes. Some of them are produced right there at the factory, but the bulk is from a Spanish manufacturer.

The next stage in the production of dolls is assembly. The factory produces soft-filled dolls (the head, arms and legs are made of plastisol, the body is made of non-woven material and filled with a hypoallergenic mixture of synthetic fiber and foam rubber) and plastic (the body and legs are made of plastic, the rest is made of plastisol). At the same stage, dolls are dressed and combed. For each toy, fashion designers have developed their own clothes and hairstyle.

One of the most popular doll models is Anastasia. She has 11 collections, including, for example, "Sport" (Anastasia is a figure skater), "Folk motives" (Anastasia is a Russian beauty) or "Professions" (Anastasia is a teacher).

The factory has several sewing workshops for the production of clothing. One of them has a knitting area where knitwear is made for dolls. For each doll, several outfits are usually provided - the one in which it is sold, and additional ones that can be purchased separately. Dressing up toys has a positive effect on fine motor skills children. Self-adhesive Velcro is most often used as fasteners so that a child of any age can cope with them.

And, finally, the final stage - dolls are packed in boxes, which are folded into corrugated boxes. In this form, toys are sent to the warehouse, and then end up on store shelves.

Photo: Evgeny Ananiev

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Russian doll production

shown in the catalog for 2019 The list includes 9 market representatives. Established production and wholesale sales. Negotiated wholesale prices up to 70% lower than imports. Popular Russian companies:

• "Spring",
• "Ogonyok"
• "Art products and toys",
• "Bilanik",
• "Plastmaster", etc.

Factories offer dolls for children different ages... Toy manufacturers produce soft and plastic products. The material used is textile, plastic, wood, etc. Available gift boxes and packaging. The companies produce: dolls with eyes and hair, interactive models with sound, accessories for playing with dolls.

Dolls have heads, arms, legs. Safety guarantee for plastics and other materials! We produce doll sets and clothes, cars, table-top constructor houses of various weights and sizes. Color to choose from. The products are intended for babies and older girls and boys. Children's brands are modernizing production equipment.

The manufacturer invites suppliers, dealers, wholesalers, children's stores to cooperate. Delivery of articles from stock - Moscow, regions, foreign countries. To buy in bulk, download the price list - write to the manager. Address, phone number, website - "Contacts" tab. Dealers and wholesalers - preferential payment, promotions.