By the age of 4-5, a child must pronounce all sounds correctly - this is necessary for his further development, correct writing and reading. Some of our tips may help you:

1. You need to find out exactly which sounds are broken. To do this, ask your child to name the pictures or repeat after you words that contain the sound you are interested in at the beginning, middle, or end of the word, for example [C]: sled, scales, bus; [Z]: hare, goat; [C]: chicken, cucumber, chicken; [W]: hat, mice, reeds; [F]: giraffe, skis; [SH]: brush, lizard, cloak; [H]: teapot, cloud, ball; [L]: shovel, saw, woodpecker; [R]: fish, cow, ball.

2. Each sound needs to be worked separately. Start with the “easiest” sound, then take on others in order of increasing difficulty: k, g, x, s, z, c, w, w, sch, h, j, l, r.

3. Start working on each sound with gymnastics for the lips and tongue. They do it in front of a mirror so that the child can not only feel the work of his organs of articulation, but also see it - this will have a positive effect on the development of his phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation. Perform each exercise 10 times, but make sure that the child does not get overtired and does it with desire. You can achieve results only if the child has positive emotions.

Exercises can be found in any book on speech therapy. Here are some of them.

“Proboscis – smile”: the lips either stretch out with a proboscis, like an elephant’s, or smile, like a frog.
“Spatula – needle”: the tongue is sometimes wide, sometimes long and narrow.

“Swing”: the tip of the tongue either rises behind the upper teeth or falls behind the lower teeth. The mouth is wide open.
“Clock”: the tip of the tongue, like a clock pendulum, moves from the right corner of the lips to the left and back at different speeds.
“Painter”: “paint the sky” with the “tip” of the tongue (drive only along the front part of the palate).

4. First you need to achieve the pronunciation of one sound, and not whole words. It is best to get sound by explaining to the child where and how to place the tongue and what kind of lips to “make”. K, g, x: raise the tongue in a “lump” to the back of the palate, the tip of the tongue is lowered, the lips are slightly open; s, h: the tongue “grooves” at the bottom of the mouth, the lips smile, the air flows in the middle of the tongue along the groove; ts: the sound consists of the rapid pronunciation of two sounds - [t] and [s], at the first moment the tip of the tongue rests on the “tubercles” behind the upper teeth, as with the sound [t], then bounces back to the position [s]; w, g: stick out your tongue, make a cup (“so that the water doesn’t spill out”), remove the cup behind your upper teeth, lips are rounded, stretched forward like a “horn”; l: the tongue rests on the bases of the upper teeth or on the teeth, stands firmly, like a “soldier on duty”, does not allow the air that flows along the sides of the tongue to pass through; p: the tongue is raised to the alveoli, trembles slightly under the pressure of a strong stream of air, the lips make a “grin like a dog’s”, hard, tense.

5. To achieve a strong, directed exhalation, come up with all sorts of games: soap bubbles, blowing bubbles through a cocktail straw into the water, just blowing hard on the water in a deep plate, spinners, whistles, chasing a “boat” through the water, a sliver of wood, driving the ball into the goal. , a cotton ball between two pencils. All games have one condition: the cheeks must be thin (not swollen).

R is the most difficult sound. It is often pronounced in French: the tip of the tongue is at the bottom, and its root or uvula, a small tongue, trembles. It is difficult to fix this, but it is possible. Try the exercises: 1) hit the alveoli with the tip of your tongue, saying “d-d-d...” (like on a drum); the lips are tense, the mouth is open. Then exhale forcefully onto the tip of your tongue “d-d-d-d-d-r”; 2) place small pieces of paper on the tip of the tongue, quickly lift them behind the upper teeth and blow them off with a strong exhalation; 3) pronounce “zh-zh-zh” and move the tip of your tongue.

That is, when performing all these exercises, you need to ensure that the tip of the tongue is raised to the bases of the upper teeth and “trembles.” Your child has a new sound!

6. In the next lesson (and you need to practice for 15-20 minutes every day), consolidate sounds in syllables, for example SHO, SHU, SHA, ShB, SHI, OSH, USH, ASH, ESH, ISH or TRA-TRO, DRO-DRY, ATR -ADR, OTR-ODR. When it becomes easy, start repeating words and naming pictures with these sounds.

7. Now make sure that the child pronounces the mastered sound in his free speech. This stage of automation can last a long time, even a year. Be patient.

8. As you consolidate one sound in everyday speech, simultaneously begin working on the next one.

9. It happens that a child perfectly pronounces similar sounds, for example “z” and “zh”, or “s” and “sh”, or “ch” and “sch”, and replaces them in his speech. This is dangerous for future writing. The same errors may occur when writing. Moreover, the child will confuse not only these letters, but also other paired consonants (b - p, d - t, d -d, t - t), since with such a violation not only the sounds mixed in speech are affected, but also the sounds the letter system as a whole. To avoid future mistakes, you need to consider with your child what the difference is in the position of the organs of articulation when pronouncing these sounds, listen to their sound with your eyes closed, compare, think with your child what you hear in the sound - the squeak of a mosquito or the buzz of a beetle.

Then - this game: you name the child syllables with mixed sounds, and he determines what sound is in this syllable. Then do the same with words. And then select and teach how to correctly pronounce simple sayings like “Drying on the table, cones on the pine” or:

Chick-chick-chickalochki,
The bear rides on a stick!
Squirrel on a cart
He cracks nuts.

Or A. Barto’s poem “We didn’t notice the beetle.”

What else, besides correct sound pronunciation, should be in the speech of a six-year-old child? He not only summarizes “vegetables” in one word - cabbage, potatoes, beets - but also independently lists what applies to, say, fruits. When listing “planes, cars, trains, tractors,” he singles out the plane and explains: “It flies, it has wings”; a six-year-old is already able to explain the differences between, say, the same airplane and a bird: “She is alive, and he is iron, he has a motor” (singling out the most essential must be tirelessly taught). In a book, picture, or film, the child highlights the main thing, is able to retell the content, understands who the hero of the work is, who acts correctly and why, and condemns negative characters.

A child at this age composes fairy tales, stories, understands fiction, fantasy and distinguishes them not only from reality, but also from the lies that he condemns. He is able to perform a poem in front of adults, reading it expressively, conveying the mood. He studies the alphabet, composes syllables and remembers the spelling of several words, highlighting them in the text; writes some words of three or four letters and his name in block letters - of course, making monstrous mistakes; understands the plot connection between three pictures, composes a story or fairy tale based on them.

If your preschooler has not achieved something yet, help him patiently and joyfully. And your efforts will be rewarded handsomely. Your child's receptive age will also help with this.

The science of speech defects, studying ways to eliminate them, as well as special exercises for the language - speech therapy. Not only children, but also adults turn to this science in order to pronounce sounds correctly and beautifully and to be successful in any business where they need to convince, inspire, and share information with other people. To correct speech defects, regular speech therapy exercises are used for children and adults.

Some parents face speech problems in their children

In our article you will find useful tips for yourself on acquiring the skills of correct articulation, as well as a lot of valuable techniques for correcting the pronunciation of sounds by your children.

In order to achieve high results in business and have the ability to persuade, it is necessary not only to speak impeccably, but also to express your thoughts clearly and legibly. Not everyone can immediately master this science, so there are various practices to improve skills.

Speech therapy exercises for adults

Speech is unclear in adults, too, so ask your friends if you have any pronunciation problems. You can simply record a few phrases on a voice recorder and then listen carefully to your voice.

There are speech therapy exercises for adults, the main of which is memorizing and studying tongue twisters. If it is better for children to offer it in a playful way, then for adults it is enough to give them a task to practice the skill.

Problems with pronunciation in most cases are easily corrected after a course of regular lessons

So, everyone must follow the following rules during training:

• read the tongue twister 3-4 times;
• repeat it slowly, pronouncing it clearly and distinctly;
• when you can pronounce everything correctly, you can speed up the pace;
• it is important to pronounce all sounds efficiently, and not quickly;
• short tongue twisters need to be spoken in one breath.

The same tasks are suitable for adults and children:

1. clink your tongue, imitate a horse galloping;
2. smile and try to reach the roof of your mouth with your tongue;
3. imagine that you are licking honey from your lips without touching the corners of your lips;
4. press your tongue between your teeth and move it up and down.

To make sure the tasks you perform are correct, use a mirror. To track your progress, read an excerpt from a story with an expression or a poem, paying attention to all punctuation marks.

Speech therapy exercises for children

All speech therapy exercises for children should be performed unnoticed by the baby, so that it is all a serene pastime in a playful way.

You can come up with funny names for each task, because the child loves associations, sometimes the most unexpected ones. So, the kids will like such as “Horse”, “Chickens”.

Having identified problematic sounds, you can select certain exercises to correct the problem.

Completing tasks contributes to the development of the baby’s articulatory apparatus, allows you to eliminate pronunciation defects and form the necessary speech skills.

• “Gate”: you need to open your mouth wide to relax your lips, repeat 6 times.
• “Spatula”: you should place your tongue on your lower lip.
• “Vase”: place the tongue on the upper lip, repeat 5 times.
• “Ball”: inflate one or the other cheek, as if a ball is rolling in the mouth.

Your child’s pronunciation will be clear if for training you take words with a large number of consonants: plate, girlfriend, foreign tourist, karateka, bunch, bed, mug, jump. They need to be spoken out daily and trained to hear every sound.

Speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds

Children often fail to pronounce sibilants correctly for a long time; sometimes they need to practice until school. It’s good if the child’s environment speaks and can correct the child’s pronunciation. Let's consider which speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds are most relevant. They are suitable for both adults and children, if such problems exist.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

It is important to know what to do when articulating. So, first we round the lips and round them, the teeth do not close, the edges of the tongue are pressed against the teeth, and it itself forms a scoop. We exhale air with the addition of a voice when pronouncing the hissing sound.

Here are the basic speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

• “Accordion” to strengthen the muscles of the tongue in a vertical position: open your mouth, smile, and press your tongue to the roof of your mouth. Open and close your mouth 5 times.
• “Pie”: open your mouth and smile, curl your tongue, lifting the edges. Count to 15 and then repeat.

Classes to correct the pronunciation defect of the sound z

They can also be used when training the pronunciation of other sibilants.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound h

There are also speech therapy exercises for the sound h:

• “Mushroom” for stretching the hyoid frenulum: open the mouth, stretch the lips, and touch the palate with the tongue so that its edges are pressed tightly. Repeating, you need to open your mouth wider.
• “Trick”: stick out your tongue, smiling, lift the tip, blow the cotton wool off your nose. Repeat 5-6 times.

Such exercises help strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility, which is useful when pronouncing hissing words.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

There are also speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

• “Cup”: place your tongue on your lower lip, then lift it and hold it for a few seconds. Repeat 8 times.
• “Football”: stretch out your lips with a straw and blow on cotton wool in the shape of a ball, trying to get into an improvised goal.

Lessons to correct problems with sound

These tasks should be completed during games every day so that the child’s articulatory apparatus develops and pronunciation improves.

Speech therapy exercises for consonants

Often, both adults and children have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, so speech therapy exercises for consonant sounds are needed to correct speech.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter L

Let us now consider speech therapy exercises for the letter l:

• “Train whistle”: stick out your tongue and make a loud “ooh-ooh” sound.
• “Tongue song”: you need to bite your tongue and sing “lek-lek-lek.”
• “Painter”: you need to press your tongue with your teeth and move it up and down, as if you were painting a house.

Practicing movements for the correct pronunciation of the sound l

If the training is intended for children, then you can come up with a game in which you will need to complete these tasks.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter c

Let’s now look at speech therapy exercises starting with the letter c:

• show how a pump inflates a tire;
• depict how the wind blows;
• convey how a balloon deflates;
• show what you can hear if you blow into a bottle with a narrow neck.

In order to bring the child closer to understanding what they want from him, put a toothpick on his tongue and ask him to press it with his teeth, smile and blow out air.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound r

Let's find out speech therapy exercises for the sound r, which is the most problematic for all children:

• “Brushing your teeth”: you need to move the tongue along the inside of your teeth in different directions.
• “Musician”: with your mouth open, drum your tongue on the alveoli, saying “d-d-d”, reminiscent of a drum roll. You can check the correct execution by holding a piece of paper to your mouth. It should move with the air flow.
• “Dove”: you need to move your tongue back and forth along the upper lip, copying the bird “bl-bl-bl”.

Training for the correct pronunciation of the sound p

These training tasks will help to overcome the most difficult sound for children, as the articulatory apparatus will be more mobile. After this, you can begin to select words with the letter r.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound t

Sometimes simple sounds are difficult for people to pronounce correctly when it is difficult to understand the meaning of a word or even a statement. Such problems must be dealt with. And here are the most effective speech therapy exercises for the sound t:

• the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and pronounce “t-t-t”;
• imitating a knock-knock hammer or a tick-tick clock;
• we walk along the road with the baby, repeating “top-top-top”;
• learning the tongue twister “Dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves.”

How to do exercises for correct pronunciation of the sound t

It will also be useful to repeat these exercises every day in order for the training to be effective. Watch what your baby listens to, as speech is formed depending on how we perceive sounds by ear. Make sure that all family members do not lisp or use words in a diminutive form in front of the baby.

Speech therapy exercises for stuttering

All speech therapy exercises for stuttering are aimed at developing fluency of speech. Try to relax your child before classes, use playful forms of work that are most appropriate for children.

Let's take a look at the most necessary tasks in such a situation:

• Read the poem to calm music without words, small at first, and over time complicate the task.
• Clap your hands for the vowel sounds that appear in the word.
• “Conductor”: chant a few words, syllables, vowel sounds, focusing on waving your arms and observing the rhythm.
• “Carousel”: you need to walk in a circle, repeating the phrase “We are a funny carousel oops-opa-opa-pa-pa.”

Remember that you must pay attention to speech breathing during classes. Start each session gradually and smoothly, and then you can speed up the pace if everything works out for you.

Problems with speech and articulation can be resolved over time and through daily training, willpower and motivation.

We wish you success!

The first sounds, the baby's hooting, are always cute and so touching, but we should not forget that the child's speech should develop according to his return. There always comes a certain moment when unintelligible babble turns into meaningful sounds, and then into words. A delay in this process in the first years is fraught with harmful consequences in the school and even adult periods of a person’s life.

To prevent such a situation, it is advisable to practice with the child, which experts have developed for practice at home.

Baby development from infancy

The first lessons with the baby can begin at 8 months, with the simplest tasks. As the child grows, the dynamics of his speech development should be taken into account so that it corresponds to his age.

Human speech is not as easy a process as it seems at first glance. Our speech apparatus is capable of producing thousands of different sounds, so it is very important to teach your baby the correct options.

Did you know? During a conversation, a person uses about 100 muscles of the face, chest, and neck, the correct use of which helps create the desired sounds.

The methods of speech therapy gymnastics proposed below for the development of a child’s speech are perfect for children who do not have deviations in pronunciation. Otherwise, a speech therapist should work with the baby.

For the first time, parents bring their children aged and older to see this specialist. At this point, mom or dad notices that the child has a problem with a particular sound.

However, even if at first glance the baby’s speech is fine, it is better to visit a doctor to make sure.

Since each organism is individual and develops at its own pace, there are a number of so-called speech defects that speech therapists classify as temporary. If you hear them in your baby’s speech, don’t worry: it will go away with age.

These include:

• softening sounds (“moose”, not “spoon”, “bite” instead of “eat”);
• replacement of “r” in speech: “bed” turns into “peck” for the baby, “play” - into “needle”;
• dislike of hissing sounds (“zh”, “sh”, “ch”) and replacing them with others (“besat” instead of “run”, etc.);
• avoidance of voiced sounds, as well as “k”, “g” (“ring” in the baby turns into “swan”, and “drop” into “taplya”).

Many parents, between the ages of 3 and 4, notice that their children avoid complex words or abbreviate them (“ventilator” becomes “zhuzhuy,” “temperature” becomes “ampiratura”). Sometimes little speakers confuse syllables in words.

Important! Up to 4-5 years such speech “tricks”- This is normal, but if over time the child does not get rid of this habit, it is worth consulting with a speech therapist.

The structure of a well-constructed lesson

Speech therapy exercises for developing clear speech include several areas:

• motor skills games (finger);
• gymnastics for the tongue, cheeks, lips (articulation);
• breathing work;
• development ;
• imitation of sounds;
• combining sounds and gestures;
• increasing vocabulary.

The main secret of teaching children from 1 to 5 years old is that learning should be in the form of a game. It can happen during a walk, when the baby is jumping on the sofa or assembling his favorite construction set.

Get your child interested in this kind of “study”, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve results.

The following tips will help:

• start with 2-3 minute workouts, gradually increasing them to 10-15;
• if your child has no desire to study right now, don’t force him;
• the optimal pace of work is 4-5 exercises per session, but in this case frequency is more important than duration: do 3 better, but repeat them over several sessions - this way the child will quickly develop the skill;
• do not scold for mistakes, but praise for successful attempts: the positivity emanating from parents always inspires the baby;

Did you know?The most common sound in the world-“A”, it is in all languages.

• if something doesn’t work out for your child, try to figure out why this is happening, help him complete the task correctly;
• It is advisable to conduct training in front of a mirror so that the child observes his movements;
• start the lesson with your little student’s favorite exercises (if they already have them) in order to interest him as much as possible and get him ready for work.

To achieve results, it is necessary to be systematic, perform tasks correctly, and the parents’ task is to monitor this.

Finger games

Among exercises for diction and articulation, finger games are my favorite. Scientists have long proven the connection between the hands and the human brain, so the development of fine motor skills has a positive effect on the speech apparatus.

The essence of finger games is for adults to read rhymes, which are accompanied by certain hand movements.

Important!Such activities promote speech development, concentration, train reactions and expand the baby’s emotional range. They also help bring the baby closer to her parents.

To achieve maximum effect:

• do no more than 5 minutes at a time;
• speak speeches and poems expressively, clearly, adhere to diction;
• start with shorter rhymes (for example, “Magpie”, “Orange”), which use fewer gestures, gradually moving on to more complex exercises.

In addition to developing motor skills, such tasks over time can teach the baby to count and navigate in space (top-bottom, right-left, low-high).

Speech therapy massage

Speech therapy includes not only gymnastics for the tongue, sound exercises, but also a special type of massage - speech therapy. This is a special method of influencing the organs and muscles of the speech apparatus, in which their condition changes.

It is prescribed to children when ordinary gymnastics is not enough to correct pronunciation. At first, a speech therapist acts as a massage therapist, but over time, parents can carry out the necessary procedures at home.

Did you know?The cactus is considered the loudest among plants. From lack of water, it begins to vibrate, making sounds that a person cannot hear. Using vibration, the plant extracts water droplets from the soil.

The duration of the first sessions is no more than 5-6 minutes, but then it reaches 15-20. Classes are held every day or every other day. On average, one cycle requires 10-20 sessions, depending on the baby’s condition. After a month and a half, the course is repeated as needed.

Speech therapy massage is divided into several types:

• Classical. It is carried out manually using stroking, vibration, rubbing. Sometimes special tools are involved (toothbrushes, spatulas, etc.).
• Spot. Its task is to influence specific points to restore a specific function.
• Hardware massage is carried out using vacuum and vibration devices.
• Self-massage is a set of exercises for the baby’s lips and tongue, which he does independently.

Articulation gymnastics

A number of exercises are also provided for the lips and tongue - articulatory gymnastics. The tongue is the main organ in the speech system, so special attention should be paid to its training.

Articulatory gymnastics consists of static (fixation in the desired position for a certain period of time) and dynamic (active repetition) exercises. It is advisable to perform them in front of a mirror so that the baby can see all the nuances.

A parent or speech therapist must monitor the correct execution - this is the key to future clarity of speech. Speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old should begin with the simplest exercises:

• “swing” - we stretch the tongue first to the nose, then to the chin;
• “proboscis” - stretch out the sponges with a tube for 5-10 seconds;
• “clock” - we move the tip of the tongue alternately to the right and then to the left corners of the mouth.

Important!With age, tasks should become more complicated, but the variations of exercises today are so diverse that learning can easily be turned into an exciting game with a child, you just have to show your imagination.

Breathing exercises

Work on correct breathing, which is directly involved in speech, begins when reading fairy tales and toy fidget spinners. When mentioning wind in the text, blow lightly on the baby, try together to make the turntable blades work using breathing.

You can also learn to blow on a candle, but not extinguish it with one sharp exhalation, but gradually, with a flow of air as you exhale, force the flame to tilt, preventing it from dying out. These games are suitable for little ones.

Older children can be invited to play:

• in a “snowball”: fluff up a small piece of cotton wool and show the child how to properly blow on a “snowflake” so that it floats in the air;
• in the “dog”: when she is hot, she breathes noisily, quickly, sticking out her tongue;
• in “cold-hot”: we learn to warm our hands with our breath when we are cold, and to cool hot tea by blowing on it.

For children 4-5 years old, you should choose more complex exercises:

• we learn to separate breathing through the mouth and nose: first we smell the flower, and then we find a dandelion and blow out its fluffs;
• we depict the sea by smoothly raising our arms up as we inhale and lowering them as we exhale;
• you can make a paper boat and try to “drive” it into the harbor using exhalations of various amplitudes.

Did you know?Sound can influence other human senses. For example, airplane noise can make food served on board seem less salty or sweet, but more crunchy.

Control of breathing makes speech emotionally rich and allows you to control intonation. Therefore, do not forget to pay attention to your baby’s breathing exercises when training the speech apparatus.

Games for sounds, hearing development and logarithmics

Good hearing is important for the formation of correct speech. To reproduce sounds correctly, the baby must first hear how they sound.

Listening and listening training includes:

• games for differentiation of sounds and attention: we study the sounds made by animals, vehicles, various types of knocking, ringing;
• spatial orientation: a blindfolded baby learns to identify the source of sound;
• coordinating words and movements using educational rhymes.

A special place in these trainings is occupied by imitation of sounds. Using the example of cats meowing, dogs barking, and cows mooing, the baby gets used to conveying the sounds of the surrounding world in his own words.

In addition to animal sounds, such practices can use everyday, everyday noises: ticking clocks, footsteps, knocking of a hammer, slamming doors, etc.

Particular attention should be paid to logorhythmics in the development of a 3-4 year old child.

Important!Speech therapy rhythm combines movement, speech and music. Its main task-develop motor skills, speech breathing and muscle tone.

A logorhythmics lesson takes place in the form of a fun game, when an adult reads a rhyme to the music, accompanying it with gestures and movements, which the child repeats:

Along the narrow path ( we're marking time)

Our feet are walking ( Now we raise our knees high)

By pebbles, by pebbles ( slowly shift from foot to foot)

And into the hole... bang! ( quickly to the floor)
Such fun, active lessons not only train the baby’s memory and hearing, but also lift their spirits.

It is advisable to conduct them 2-3 times a week, be sure to select music to accompany them in advance.

Logorhythmics has a great effect on the psyche of children: it calms the easily excitable ones, and makes the slow and quiet ones more active.

It is especially important to practice if your child stutters, his speech is too fast or too slow, or if he has problems with the development of motor skills.

Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

At the age of 3-4 years, it’s time to add tongue twisters and poetry to the set of exercises for a child’s speech diction.

The first ones are needed to train literacy, develop clarity of speech and improve diction. For initial lessons, choose tongue twisters that are not too long and understandable to the child. Considering the complexity of the exercise, you should first learn the text, then train the speed of its pronunciation.

Try starting with the following options:

• Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass.
• The stump has five honey mushrooms again.
• How good is a pie when there is cottage cheese inside.

Did you know?In ancient Greece, tongue twisters were used in public speaking competitions.

If it is no longer difficult for your child to learn a short tongue twister by heart, move on to studying poetry. Their goal in children's is deep memory training and increasing vocabulary. Start with funny quatrains, light songs that the child likes.

Children's vocabulary is divided into two categories:

• passive (words that the baby understands);
• active (those that he uses in everyday speech).

The second is traditionally smaller than the first, so you need to try to convert as many words as possible from passive to active.

It is to increase the number of words spoken by the baby and to replenish the passive stock that rhymes are used.
Thematic manuals will be an excellent assistant for parents who care about their child’s speech skills.

They contain exercises for speech therapy classes at home, selected by experienced specialists.

“Speech therapist lessons. Games for speech development"

The manual includes three sections:

• Finger gymnastics (describes static and dynamic exercises, as well as training for the hands).
• Articulatory gymnastics in the book uses fairy tales, poems, special game cards and gives tasks for practicing skills.
• Games for attention and practicing complex sounds and syllables are presented separately.

The advantages of this collection include:

• the authors are experienced specialists in the field of speech therapy;
• materials are presented in an easy, colorful manner with detailed instructions for use;
• all the necessary exercises are collected in one place;
• You can practice on the road, on vacation, in line to see a doctor, and not just at home.

Important!The recommendations in the manual are compiled for training children who do not have deviations in the functioning of the speech apparatus. If there are problems in the development of the baby, a speech therapist should work with him directly.

“Large album on speech development”

Another popular collection of speech therapy exercises among parents. It included:

• section for the little ones (about activities in the first months of life, motor skills exercises, finger games, breathing exercises);
• section on training with a 3-5 year old child;
• recommendations for working with preschoolers (5-6 years old).

“The Big Album” immediately provides a complete training system from the first lessons to the first grade level, so parents do not have to look for additional materials as the baby grows up.
Spend 15-30 minutes a day working with your baby, gradually trying all the above tips in practice. Such joint games will not only improve the baby’s speech skills, but will also give a lot of unforgettable moments of spending time together.

The speech of preschoolers often needs correction and the help of a speech therapist due to incorrect pronunciation or the absence of certain sounds. The task of parents is not to neglect the problem and listen to the advice of specialists regarding making sounds and performing special exercises with their children. Let's find out about this in detail.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 2-3 years

At this age it is too early to talk about incorrect pronunciation. But, nevertheless, classes aimed at developing the articulatory apparatus will not be superfluous. Dad or mom must show how to perform them correctly, explain everything to the child and do them together with him. In this age period, inheritance (copying) is the basis of activities. So, do the following with your baby:

1. Cheek massage. Rub your cheeks on top with your palms and pat them. Then use your tongue to massage each cheek in turn with up and down movements.
2. Well-fed cat. Lips should be closed. You need to take in air with your nose and puff out your cheeks, as if the cat has eaten. You need to hold the air for 3-5 seconds at first, then longer. After letting out the air, meow cheerfully.
3. Hungry cat. The actions are performed in reverse. The air is released from the mouth, and the lips are pulled forward into a tube. First, you need to help yourself with your hands, bending your cheeks inward. Returning your lips to their original position, meow pitifully, as if a cat is asking for food.
4. Burst balloon. Puff up your cheeks, then lightly slap them with your palms - the balloon will burst. The air will come out with noise.
5. Smile. In the mouth, the teeth should be closed and the lips too. Stretch your lips as much as possible and hold them in this position.
6. Trunk. With your teeth closed, you need to stretch your lips forward as much as possible, imitating the trunk of an elephant. The child must be familiar with this animal, see it in pictures in order to understand who it represents.
7. Trunk smile. The purpose of the exercise is to develop lip mobility. You first need to slowly depict a smile with your lips closed, and then stretch them forward with a tube, depicting a trunk. Every day you need to do this exercise faster.
8. Rabbit. Open your mouth slightly. Lift only your upper lip upward, exposing your upper teeth. At the same time, the baby’s face should wrinkle and nasolabial folds should appear. This is preparation for the formation of the sounds V and F.
9. Fish conversation. The essence of the exercise is to pat the sponges one against the other in one breath. In this case, the dull sound P is voluntarily pronounced.
10. We hide our lips. With the mouth wide open, the lips are drawn inward and pressed against the teeth. The same is done with the mouth closed.
11. Artist. You need to take the tip of a pencil with your lips and draw a circle in the air with it.
12. Breeze. Cut pieces of paper, place them on the table and encourage your baby to blow them away with force with one sharp exhalation.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 4-5 years old

At this age, children can perform the previous exercises without a clear example from an adult, do them more often and faster. Others are added to them for the development of the lower jaw:

1. The chick is afraid. The tongue is a chick. He lies freely in his place, and the baby’s mouth opens wide and closes, as if the chick is hiding in a cage. At the same time, the lower jaw actively moves.
2. Shark. The exercise is performed slowly, without sudden movements with closed lips. First, the jaw moves to the right, then to the left, forward and back into place.
3. The chick is eating. This is an imitation of chewing food, first with the mouth open and then with the mouth closed.
4. Monkeys. You need to lower your jaw as much as possible, stretching the tongue to the end of the chin.

Phonetic gymnastics is the baby’s answers to parents’ questions, repeated periodically:

1. What are the chicks' names? Chick-chick.
2. How does the clock tick? Tick ​​tock.
3. How are scissors made? Chick-chick.
4. How does a bug buzz? W-w-w-w.
5. How does the wolf howl? Uh-uh-uh.
6. How do mosquitoes squeak? Z-z-z-z.
7. How does a snake hiss? Shhhhhh.

Phonetic gymnastics can be alternated with games for pronunciation of sounds. For example, “Wind-up toys”. One by one, an adult uses a key to start a bug, which makes the sound zh-zh-zh-zh and flies around the room; then a motorcycle that moves fast and its engine says rrrrrrrr. Then the hedgehog jumps and says f-f-f-f-f, the chicken sings ts-ts-ts-ts-ts.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 6-7 years old

At this age, children perform articulatory gymnastics with the initial demonstration of an adult and then according to his verbal instructions:

1. Smile. At first, the lips stretch into a smile, the teeth are covered, then they are exposed and again hidden under the lips.
2. Punishment of a naughty tongue. The tongue rests on the lower lip and the upper lip must be slapped. At the same time, the sound “five-five” is pronounced.
3. Spatula. The mouth is slightly open. The tongue from its usual position rests on the lower lip and then hides back.
4. Tube. The mouth opens, the tongue moves forward as much as possible, its edges are bent into a tube and held for several seconds.
5. Licking lips. Mouth half open. Using a circular movement of the tongue, lick the lips, first clockwise, then back.
6. Teeth cleaning. The child’s tongue serves as a toothbrush, which “cleans” first the edges of the upper teeth, then their inner surface, and the outer one. The same is done with the lower teeth.
7. Watch. The child's lips are stretched in a smile with his mouth open. The tip of the tongue rhythmically moves left and right, touching its corners.
8. Snake. When the mouth is open, the bent tongue quickly moves forward and moves back. At the same time, you should not touch your teeth and lips.

Speech therapy exercises for children: setting the sound “r”

If your baby cannot pronounce the sound “r”, then you simply need to consult a speech therapist. Perhaps the cause of the problem is that the frenulum, the membrane that holds the tongue, is too short. It is also called the hypoglossal ligament. Only a speech therapist can diagnose this. And if he confirms that the bridle is really short, then it’s worth trimming it.

Then the tongue will be provided with the necessary amplitude of movements - and all exercises for making the sound “r” will be effective.

Other reasons for incorrect pronunciation may be low mobility of the articulatory apparatus (which can be corrected with exercises), and impaired phonemic hearing. The latter sometimes depends on genetics. If the baby has no physiological basis for impaired diction, then it’s time to carry out daily exercises. There is no need to worry about non-pronunciation or incorrect pronunciation of the “r” sound by a child aged 2-4 years. If he hasn’t spoken out before the age of 5, then he really should start classes:

1. Painter's brush. This is a warm-up exercise. The tongue is a brush with which you need to stroke the upper palate, starting from the teeth and further towards the throat.
2. Harmonic. The mouth is slightly open, the tongue is pressed tightly first to the upper palate, then to the lower palate, while simultaneously lowering the jaw down.
3. Teeth cleaning. The mouth is slightly open. The tongue-brush moves between the teeth, reaching the farthest corners.
4. Mosquito. You need to open your mouth slightly, move the tip of your tongue between your teeth and try to pronounce the sound “z-z-z”, imitating a mosquito. Then the tip of the tongue moves upward, resting on the upper teeth, while the mosquito continues to emit its squeak.
5. The mouth is open, the end of the tongue is pressed against the upper teeth. The child should quickly pronounce the sound “d-d”. At this time, the adult should use a spatula or just a teaspoon or its handle to oscillate the frenulum left and right rhythmically, but without pressure. The vibration of the air will gradually transform the pronounced sound “d” into “r”. This is the main exercise for setting it up.

Speech therapy exercises for children: putting the sound “l”

Disadvantages in the pronunciation of this sound are called the special term lambdacism. It has several types. This is the general transmission of sound (“imon” instead of “lemon”), replacing it with others, nasal pronunciation.

For all types of lambdacism, you need to perform the following articulation exercises:

1. Talking turkey. At a fast pace with the mouth open, the tongue moves to the sides. At the same time, a sound characteristic of an angry animal is pronounced: “bl-bl.”
2. Hammock. This is a tongue stretch. Its tip should rest on the upper teeth, and then on the lower ones. It is necessary that the period of emphasis be as long as possible. The tongue resembles a hammock.
3. Horse. Children enjoy clicking the wide tongue of the upper palate.
4. Fungus. The entire surface of the baby’s tongue rests against the upper palate, while the lower jaw drops down to the maximum. The bridle is pulled tight.
5. The plane is humming. You need to imitate the drone of an airplane in a low tone for a long time. In this case, you need to make sure that the tip of the tongue rests directly on the upper teeth, and not between the lower and upper teeth.
6. Steamboat. An adult pronounces the sound “yy”, imitating the hum of a steamboat, then moves the tongue between the teeth - and the interdental sound “l” is obtained. The two positions of the tongue must be alternated.

Speech therapy exercises for children: hissing

Children best practice making sounds by imitating animals and insects. After all, the game form of learning is the most acceptable for them. So, you can play mosquito and wasp, flying around the room, waving your arms, and saying “z-z-z”, then “s-s-s”.

The sound "ch-ch-ch" is the movement of the train. Invite your child to become a locomotive, and you will be a carriage, and make a sound together.

Making the sound “sh” is like sawing wood. Again, the exercise must be done together. This sound can also be represented in the game "Sea" by moving like waves.

It is recommended to use pictures for exercises to correct these sounds. So, an adult shows, for example, a photo of a mosquito, a bee, an image of the wind, waves, and the child displays the corresponding sounds with articulation.

Exercises for children with speech delays

For this category of children, speech therapists advise conducting imitation exercises and games. At the same time, it is important to combine clarity (pictures), an example of an adult and joint pronunciation of sounds. To do this, the teacher or parent must repeat certain sounds many times, and then ask the child to do it together. You need to start by repeating sounds, then syllables, then words, then phrases.

For example, when showing a picture of a bug, an adult repeats the sound “zh” 3-4 times, holding it out and showing the child how his lips are folded. Then he asks the child to be bugs together and make a horn. Similarly with the image of a mosquito and the pronunciation of the sound “z”, with an airplane and the sound “u”. The adult patiently repeats the sounds with the child, and at the end of such exercises, he once again calls the image in the picture with a complete word (bug, mosquito, airplane).

Repetition of syllables is the sounding of animal voices. The cat says “meow”, the dog “aw”, the chicken “co-ko”, the goat “me”. At the same time, onomatopoeic words are also a tool for the general development of the child. You can supplement exercises on pronunciation of syllables by showing pictures of musical instruments and demonstrating how to play the pipe (doo-doo), drum (bom-bom), and bell (ding-ding).

At the initial stage of speech therapy exercises with non-speaking children, you need to be prepared for the fact that they simply will not repeat the adult’s examples the first time or will repeat them incorrectly. Any child’s answers are allowed, but patience and calm are required from the adult.

Especially for - Diana Rudenko

Competent and clear, intelligible and understandable speech of a preschooler is the dream of any parent, but situations often arise when problems in pronouncing sounds are so obvious that it is impossible to do without the intervention of professionals. Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years, conducted at home, become important. Various exercises performed by children under the strict guidance of loving parents often turn out to be more effective and useful than regular meetings with a speech pathologist.

Speech development of children 5-6 years old

5-6 years is a crucial period in a child’s life, since it begins. And if a year ago it was possible to blame all the problems on a young age, now you have to face the truth - if a child does not pronounce most of the sounds correctly, gets confused, cannot construct a coherent sentence, then a serious problem is obvious and you can’t put off a visit to a professional any longer .

Children at this age should already speak coherently, have developed phonemic awareness, and be able to formulate narrative, interrogative and incentive sentences. A normal rate of speech is formed by the age of five; slow or, on the contrary, very fast and unclear speech at this age is extremely undesirable.

Also among the speech norms is the following.

• Correct pronunciation of all sounds - each of them must sound clearly both as part of a syllable and word, and in the whole sentence.
• Ability to convey exclamatory and interrogative intonation.
• The vocabulary is becoming more and more rich; parents will no longer be able to list all the words that their child knows; there are about 3 thousand of them. Also at this age, many children actively come up with new words, funny and unusual, which will be forgotten over time. Involuntary memory is actively developing, so kids can easily remember expressions they just heard.
• Speech begins to contain phrases that are complex in construction, sentences become more and more detailed, and the child is able to talk in detail about the event he witnessed.
• By the age of 5-6 years, the traditionally “difficult” phonemes [p] and [l] should already be clearly heard in the speech of children, but if this does not happen, then there is a problem and the help of a speech therapist is required.

You can understand that the speech development of a five-year-old child corresponds to his age by his ability to come up with a coherent story based on a picture, the presence in his speech of various parts of speech, abstract and generalizing words. Errors such as incorrect use of plural forms (“apples” instead of “apples”) only indicate that the preschooler does not yet have enough knowledge to correctly construct a phrase, and they have nothing to do with speech problems.

Each child is an individual, so his “results” are best assessed not in comparison with other children, but by comparing his own results from different periods.

Possible speech defects

There are situations when children, without any problems, are simply too lazy to say words out loud, confident that they will be understood anyway. Parents should pay special attention to the child if he speaks little, confuses syllables and words, does not understand the meaning of what is said - most often this is due to various speech defects that will have to be corrected in speech therapy classes.

There are several types of speech impairment possible:

• stuttering;
• dyslalia – children with normal hearing and speech apparatus confuse the consonant phonemes [r] and [l], [w] and [z].
• nasality - pronouncing words “in the nose”, which makes understanding the child very problematic;
• the child does not understand the parents’ speech and does not speak himself;
• pronounces sounds incorrectly – difficulties with articulation.

In case of any of them, you should start speech therapy classes - with a professional defectologist and at home, otherwise the child will be left with delayed speech development and may not be accepted into a comprehensive school, or may be asked to attend a specialized institution. But the situation can be corrected through speech therapy.

In what cases should you visit a specialist?

There are several signs that indicate your child's speech needs professional help:

• very poor vocabulary;
• inability to correctly pronounce a large number of sounds;
• incorrect choice of word, lack of correlation between the word and the object to which it refers;
• constant omission of some syllables in words;
• slow or, on the contrary, very fast speech, pronouncing most words in syllables;
• slurred speech, stuttering;
• constant hesitations and pauses.

In these cases, it is necessary to show the child to a speech therapist, possibly a neurologist, as quickly as possible, this will help identify the causes of the disorders and eliminate them.

Role of parents

You should not assume that classes with a speech therapist alone will help the child completely solve the problem - parents should take a direct part in this. The child spends most of his time at home, so training should be carried out there.

Speech therapists advise parents to adhere to the following rules.

• Do not scold the baby for mistakes he has made in pronouncing sounds, but correct them.
• Encourage the child for his efforts and success, listen carefully to what he says about classes with a speech therapist, and show sincere interest.
• Ensure that the speech of family members is literate and correct.
• Before showing this or that exercise to a preschooler, you should practice in front of the mirror, check that everything is working out clearly and correctly.
• Ensure that children complete the speech therapist’s homework.
• Strives to ensure that every task is completed to the end, correctly, and diligently.
• Conduct classes daily - they can be small, but mandatory, they should become a good habit.

Specialist speech pathologists advise creating an atmosphere of correct speech for the child: reading him poems, fairy tales, singing songs more often, discussing any natural phenomena with the child, but it is better to keep TV watching to a minimum.

Building a Home Lesson

Speech therapy exercises and speech gymnastics should be performed at home; this will help consolidate the skills and abilities acquired from the defectologist and make speech clearer and more understandable. It is best to conduct them in a playful way so as not to tire the baby - this will help him not to lose interest, not get tired, and enjoy a useful pastime.

The first stage of any lesson (unless the speech therapist suggests otherwise) is articulatory gymnastics, which will prepare the speech apparatus for further work and help stretch the tongue and ligaments. While doing the exercises, kids simultaneously train those muscles that are actively involved in the process of pronouncing sounds.

All exercises are done while sitting, preferably in front of a mirror, so that the baby can control himself. Each is repeated several times, depending on the individual preparation of the child.

Parents can perform a large number of exercises with children 5-6 years old, helping them cope with speech problems.

• Pronounce pure phrases that contain both the problematic sound and sounds similar to it. For example, when setting the sound [s], you can use the following: “My sister and I brought sausage to the owl in the forest.” There are many words in this pure phrase with this sound.
• Pronouncing rhymes with problematic sounds.

To improve the pronunciation of the sound [r], the following poem is suitable:

Ra-ra-ra - the kids are frolicking!

Ro-ro-ro - we're giving away good things!

Ru-ru-ru - we draw a kangaroo!

Ry-ry-ry - the dog crawled out of the hole!

In speech therapy encyclopedias you can get acquainted with a large number of different rhymes for setting each sound and choose those that are suitable for a particular child. This is the general structure of the lesson.

Articulation gymnastics is the best warm-up

You should invite your child to perform exercises aimed at training various muscle groups. Their description is presented in the table.

Muscles	Task options
Lips	Smile so that your teeth are not visible, hold this position for 5 to 30 seconds. “Proboscis.” Fold your lips into a tube and fix the position. “Fence.” Smile in such a way that the upper and lower teeth are open, fix the position.
Language	"Spatula". Without protruding the tongue, the child places it on the lower lip and holds it in this position for 5 seconds. “Swing”. Move your tongue up and down, keeping your mouth open. “Let’s brush your teeth.” Use the tip of your tongue to “walk” along the back side of the upper teeth, then along the lower teeth. “Snake”. Stick out your tongue as much as possible and try to fold it into a tube. Repeat at least 5 times.
Hypoglossal ligament	"Horse". Click your tongue, imitating the clatter of hooves. Then complicate the exercise - click quickly or slowly, loudly or quietly. “Mushroom”. Press your tongue tightly against the roof of your mouth, hold it in this position for a few seconds, and relax.
Cheeks	"Balloons". Inflate both cheeks, then carefully slap them, releasing the air, to “pop” the ball. “Hamster.” Puff up both cheeks like a hamster. Then inflate one by one. “Hungry Hamster.” Pull your cheeks in, hold the position for a few seconds, and relax.

You shouldn’t include all the exercises in your workout; you need to choose 2-3 of them and work them out properly, but at the same time carefully ensure that all muscle groups are involved during the week. The easiest way is to create a lesson plan for seven days, in which you describe on which day which exercise will be performed.

Each exercise from the complex, which suggests fixing a certain position, is first performed for 5 seconds, gradually the duration increases to 30. The parent can count out loud, this will help the child remember the numbers.

Variety of forms and games

To prevent a preschooler from getting bored of repeating the same thing several times, you should think through an unusual game scenario and give him different tasks:

• not just pronounce words, but make rhythmic movements with your feet or hands in time with them;
• “teach” the toy a simple phrase or rhyme, show how to pronounce the text correctly;
• pronounce the text, imagining yourself as a fox or a bunny, make appropriate facial expressions and gestures.

You can make a speech therapy session even more exciting if you dress the baby in the costume of the animal being depicted.

Rhymes and sayings can not only be pronounced, but also sung, coming up with a suitable motive for them.

You can stimulate the development of fine motor skills, which are directly related to the speech center, by performing finger gymnastics - putting special dolls on your fingers, creating dramatizations, while simultaneously pronouncing poems and phrases with the sound being practiced. For example, when working on the phoneme [p], you can offer a preschooler a pig finger puppet and ask him to grunt.

To prevent your child from getting tired, every 5-10 minutes of class you should take a break and do breathing exercises. For example, “Dandelion” - take a deep breath through your nose, as if inhaling the aroma of flowers, and then exhale through your mouth, as if blowing on a fluffy dandelion.

Cognitive activities

Games for speech development should also be educational in nature. But parents are required to be creative and prepare.

There are several options for such games.

• Select in advance several cards with illustrations that show words with problematic sounds (these can be animals, birds, vegetables, household items), and ask the child to name them, give a brief description, and add to his story. This will help improve your pronunciation and gain new information.
• “Take a guess.” The adult hides some object, the name of which contains the sound being practiced (for example, if it is the phoneme [r], then you can hide a toy giraffe), after which he begins to tell the baby a number of characteristics: this is an animal, with a long neck, spotted skin. The child’s task is to guess the animal and try to pronounce its name.
• Working with pictures. The parent selects an illustration and thinks of an object on it that has a problematic sound in its name, after which he begins to describe it. The child’s task is to understand what it is about, show it in the picture and say the name.

With the help of such exercises, preschoolers not only additionally practice pronouncing individual sounds, but also learn new information about the world around them.

The importance of speech therapy lessons and their continuation at home should not be underestimated, since 5-6 years is the time when a child can still solve most of his speech problems and start studying at school along with other children. If time is lost, then there is a risk that he will have a lot of difficulties in the future, including various complexes and self-doubt.